Studying the Relationship between Sports Directors Familiarity with Sports Rights Concepts and Risk Management Behaviors

The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship of sports directors’ familiarity with sports rights concepts and risk management behaviors at Kurdistan province in Iran. The methodology of this research is descriptive survey. The research statistical society consisted 255 members of all directors at Kurdistan Sport domain. The sampling method was simple random and for determining the sample volume 150 sport directors’ managers of Kurdistan province, using Morgan table, were selected as the sample. Measuring tool was questionnaires of Thomas Irons about familiarity of managers and directors with sports rights and risk management. Its validity was confirmed by 10 experts and its stability was % 85 and % 89, in order. For theories analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used. The finding showed that there is relation between the familiarity of sports directors with sports rights concepts, supervision, medical issues, bystander and population control, transportation, safety and applied equipment to their schedule at Kurdistan province. P<0.05; but employment and upbringing, safety, applied equipment and facilities factors do not affect manager’s familiarity with sports rights P>0.05. Finally, it can be said that it seems risk management and sports rights require facilities and specific situations that rarely exist in the country’s organizations and institutions and while it is not the right condition it is not expected these behaviors would happen in a favorable way. The present research concluded valuable results about investigating the relationships of familiarity of sports directors of Kurdistan province, with sports rights concepts and risk management behaviors.


Introduction
In the present world, sports is one of the effective educative and moral methods specially for youth that day by day takes more scientific appearance. Political achievement in sports fields is an instrument for sports development and success in fields. The increasing importance, caused legal scholars tend to establish a particular major in "sports rights title" that like employment, business or agriculture rights pays to the various dimensions of this social relation. Sports rights or sports law is one of law science trends that legally reviews the events at sports.
Generally, it could be said that sports events mean all activities that are done by the athletes, teachers, instructors (coaches), directors, bystanders, constructors and producers of sports equipment and facilities and so on, directly or indirectly. The qualitative and quantitative aforementioned areas obviously reveal this major's importance, and when paying accurate attention to vital and basic position of sport in between there social institutions, the necessity of awareness from the content of this major becomes more clear for the state judicial system, specially those somehow intervene directing in sports affairs (Ebrahim zadeh 2010). The subject of sports rights is all violation that occurs in sports fields and somehow damages other's rights. One of the ways for achieving the sports rights goals is through awareness of sports managers and directors from sports rights, to recognize or distinct damages and encounter these dangers for taking a good and effective decision. So, risk management can guide managers to achieve the sports rights goals in a favorable way (Aghayeenia 2012).
Risk management is the process of recognition or distinction of the damages that an organization disposes to, and is described as choosing the best techniques to encounter these threats. Risk management program is a systematic environmental review with recognition, of harmful potentials. This comprehensive system is resulted from recognition, evaluation and control and also is created to have a safe environment for working out, for bystanders and participants. The aim of risk management is preserving properties or protecting organizations financial references and attain financial stability by reducing harmful potentials (Aaron 2004).
Risk management is an active and explore oriented method that responses "IF"s that consists two parts of reducing and controlling the risk. The aim of risk reduction is Golnaz Khazdozi, Seyyed Mohiadin Bahari, Hassan Ashayeri. RAD Vol.19, Special Edition, 2017, p.96-116. Página98 minimizing the risk and danger of an unpleasant event, and the aim of control is gathering information to attain if the applied innovations has reduced and minimized the unpleasant event danger effectively or not (Astless et al. 2006). The aim of risk management is protecting properties or financial reference of the organization and achieving financial stability through reducing damaging potentials (Aaron 2004).

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Several researches show that deploying risk management consists special importance and necessity. Based on investigations ongoing increase of lawsuits and paid expenses in this field has forced sports directors to perform new policies to reduce, transfer and eliminate risk. For as much sports director is responsible for the danger due to the risk, he should be able to recognize predict and control the risk (Aaron 2004). Doosti (2008) declared that %75 of sports complexes directors of Tehran city are unaware of risk management methods and the accidents happen due to the lack of knowledge of directors toward risk management methods and utilizing it. Rahimi et al. (2002) also showed that the structure of the state football stadiums and related facilities are weak and inappropriate, and inappropriate structure of stadiums is the most important factor causes spectators dissatisfaction.
Forughi pour (2005) in a study investigated the extent of familiarity of sport coaches, teachers and sport directors of Tehran city by sports rights, he found that a little percent (%17) of sport coaches are familiar with sports rights. Veisi et al. (2000), in a study in title of Relationship Between the Utilization Given that there is not a specific study about risk management toward sports and sports rights in the country, necessarily essential studies in this basis should be done, so we follow serving the extent of director's familiarity with sports rights implication and its relation with risk management behaviors at Kurdistan province.

Hypotheses of the Study Primary Hypothesis
There is relation between the amount of sports director's familiarity with sports rights concepts and sports management risk, at Kurdistan province.

Secondary Hypotheses
1-There is relation between the extent of directors' familiarity with sports rights implications with applied supervision to their schedules and programs at Kurdistan province.
2-There is relation between the extent of sports directors' familiarity from sports rights implications with applied medical issues in their schedule at Kurdistan province.
3-There is relation between sports directors' familiarity with sports rights implications with applied facilities to their programs at Kurdistan province.
4-There is relation between the extent of sports directors' familiarity with applied facilities to their program at Kurdistan province.
5-There is relation between the extent of sports directors' familiarity with sports rights and security and safety of spectators and applied population control in their schedule at Kurdistan province.
6-There is relation between the extant of sport director's familiarity with sports rights implications with applied transportation in their programs at Kurdistan province.
7-There is relation between the extent of sports rights familiarity with sports rights implications with safety and applied equipment in their program at Kurdistan province.

Sports Rights
Our objective of sports rights is a collection of provisions that dominate all sports affairs including athletes, technical directors, spectators, sport's staff management, sport physicians and finally sport organization's staffs.
This is a general description of sports rights; this means a set of rules and rights dominating sports. And also it investigates events rights in sports with legal attitude to crimes and tarts that happens by sports proceeding intendants or operatives, which is called sports rights.
But the difference of crimes and torts is that, crimes consist penalties such as imprisonment, fine, whiplash, and even execution and hanging, and torts require compensation and doesn't describe criminal penalties. "Sports rights" is a subject that determines legal responsibilities at sports (Farahani et al. 2014).

The Importance of Sports Rights
Happening events and accidents during sports events is inevitable. Some of these incidents causes injury of athletes or spectators, or maim or in some cases causes decease.
Each event has a reason and aforementioned reason can be the basis for the fault. In most of the cases the reason for happening the incident, is the instructor's and teacher's, or sport director's failure and negligence in their duties that can cause more responsibilities for them from sports rights viewpoint. Sports coaches have the responsibility of educating and training the athletes that based on their duty they face some kinds of legal responsibilities sports area. Physical education teachers during physical education classes should inspirit students to the sport and in the case injury happen to the student, the teacher can be considered responsible. Sports directors are responsible of stadiums and sport places, and in the case of happening any problem during sports events or accidents in sport places, it can cause responsibilities for them. (Scalf & Robinson, 2002)

General Rules of Law (Rights) and its Application in Sports Rights
Sports rights is a combination of "law and sport" science that should be studied inseparably. In the other hand, however the main addresser of this study is generally sports community, but for understanding legal implications they are needed to be familiar with general rights rules. This information essential not only in this field but also for everyone in his ordinary life because specially from the legislator's point of view it is assumed that all the people in the society are aware of all rules and do not accept any contrary claims, in the other words ignorance of law is not responsibility's ablative and no one can, in excuse of lack of information can proof himself.herself. Now due to this introduction and that the accident is basically inseparable and unavoidable in sport. The necessity of recognizing legal rules for essential decision making, to prevent accidents or probability of flinching responsibilities can be felt more tangible for all sports members. However, in detailing general rules tow points are noticeable, initially the discussion's title "sports rights" that is not absolute right and secondly the features of original addresser, we mean sports society that is qualified for sport description not legal position (Farahani et al. 2014).

Legal Responsibilities due to Sport Operation
According to the Islamic Punishment Law (IPL) approved in 1991, clause 3 matter 59, following action are not considered crime: The accidents and occurrences caused by sports actions with the condition that the accident's cause is not abjuration of that sport rules and provisions, and this provisions are not contrary to "Sharia Standards" (Legal Standards).
Matter 23's approval at 1982 and also matter 55 at 1991 solved many problems and dilemmas of between athletes, coaches and referees. Although to accomplish this clause and matter, more studies and investigations, and codification and approval of new laws and administrative regulations are needed but currently existing this regulation text in solving problems and events, caused by sports, has been partly effective and has been relatively a troubleshooter for athletes, coaches, supervisors and referees. With appointed conditions in the aforementioned legislation, due to sport activities, are not considered crime.

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In this chapter the basis of discussion are aforementioned events that it's cause is the athlete, it's location are sports places, and the time is during the sport activity (Farahani et al. 2014).

Sport Supervisors and Competition Holder's Legal Responsibilities
In sports, due to directors' authorities, they have responsibilities, and the director's negligence in his duties and his leadership and control related to his subset cooperation, in the case it results to an accident, will result in criminal after-effects for the related director or manager.
In sports rights, we investigate if the responsibilities such as; supervision, control, leadership, encouragement and punishment and protecting, what has deposited to the director or supervisor, are being performed or not. And also, we investigate if the accident resulted from sport that caused injury, are in result of intentional failure and imprudence and lack of supervision, or not. These directors consists: gyms managers and directors, chairman of the board, different sports technical managers, supervisors, managers, physical education teachers and referees. Sports rights determine legal duties responsibilities of members and their rights. These duties are consisting of sports supervisors, referees, competition spectators and athletes.
Probably performing an act causes a responsibility for each aforementioned member or may cause a right for him.her. In this notion accidents and events that cause serious injuries or maim or decease, from legal aspects, are investigated (Farahani et al. 2014).

Legal Duties, Obligations of Technical Directors at Sports
By "technical directors" at sport we mean the people who directly supervise sport activities and direct management that consists: the head coach, coach assistant, sports teacher, lifeguard saviors, head savior, referee, team physician and so on. Página104 this element, prohibits harmful sports in the country and announces it's damages more than it's social profits. In this case courts are charged to perform national rules and protecting public disciplines (Katuzian 2008). Civil responsibility is a particular case that harmful work with that criterion is opposite to norms, that is mentioned healthy competition abuse. This criterion is not in conflict with what was declared about "the behavior of an aware and cautious athlete in a situation that a harmful act happens." Except insisting emergency position and quick decision in that position that makes many error's permissible, it decreases sports faults. Something the legal system should pay off against it's inevitable profits via training and guiding the youth (Aghayeenia 2012).

Risk Management
Based on Bernstein's theory 1996, the revolution idea is dominating on risk or risk management (Lhotsky 2006). Risk management is a word that is utilized by experts that consist all strategies that may be used for investigating risks (Lachapelle 2004). Risk management is the process of damage identification and recognition that an organization exposes to it, and is described as the best techniques to contact with these risks (Head & Horn 1991).
The aim of risk management is to prepare necessities before confronting damages.
To approach this aim, controlling required recourses before happening any damage, by using correct programs to prevent damages and controlling them, is required (Setarg

Investigating in Planned risk Management
Risk management is something more than an idea or a perception, it is a process that should be employed by people or an organization. Therefore, an amount of studies of planned risk management, about people's behavior, in comparison to the ideas, feelings or viewpoints, has been more centralized on the people's behaviors specially those who are responsible for organization's risk management or programs. The important conducted studies are related to sport's risk management of sport directors and manager's behaviors at several championships or sport colleges and sport high schools and non-state sectors (Aaron 2004).

Sports Facilities
Sports equipment owners should take care sports places and control other member's actions. The general rule is that the sport equipment owners should be aware of the things cause physical injuries. An equipment manager should do the following actions at least to be considered an acceptable manager (Appenzeller 1998): 1-Protect and take care the area safely.
2-Entirely check the area to find the hidden and obvious risks.
3-Remove the risks or warn them.
4-Anticipate predetermined activities and do the essentials to protect people from predictable risks.
5-Do the activities by full resolution to protect the public in the environment (Appenzeller 1998).

Collegiate Sport Programs
Collegiate sport programs have changed to an extensive business that affects public relationships and finally financial stability. This problem has forced collegiate officials to have a deep view on how risk management affects collegiate sport programs operations. Universities and colleges, especially various sport parts have the responsibility of taking care those people who may be injured by predetermined risks.
The injured athlete may acknowledge that this default may include the lack of right training, the lack of right supervision, the lack of required instruments, and lack of Página106 adequate medical cares. In addition to put the name of the coach in the prosecution list, the athlete may mention the sport director, because the sport director is responsible for all the sport programs. The sport director, because of his role in damaging the athlete in the result of lack of adequate oversight on programs and coaches, may be prosecuted (Gray & Crowel 1993).

Coaches
Since the sport injuries have been increased in recent years, due to participant's security the responsibilities of coaches are increased too. For trial avoidance of coaches and for remaining them in sports backgrounds, it's necessary to anticipate the potential risks and do essentials to prevent irrational injuries of their athletes (Aaron 2004).

Research Method
The research method strategically is descriptive, practically is a survey research, from the aim aspect is practical, it's data gathering location is a fieldwork. Statistical society includes all directors and managers in sport area that are 255 members. Sampling method in this research is simple random sampling and for determining the sample volume, Morgan's table is used. Given that the statistical society was 255 members, 150 members were determined as the research statistical sample. For data gathering a researcher based questionnaire, in relation to sports regulation concepts, is used.
The number of questions was 39 that are described in 5 options Likert scale (very low, low, average, high, and very high). The validity of this questionnaire is confirmed by ten professors and experts. Its stability was performed on 30 experts, teachers and sports boards and association directors at Kurdistan province, that Cronbachi alpha was 850.0.

Another questionnaire in this research was Tomas Iron's risk management
questionnaire that contained 49 questions about risk management behaviors that was previously standardized at foreign countries. This questionnaire is localized and standardized by Veisi et al. in 2000, that it's coefficient is 76%. This questionnaire includes 49 questions that the amount of risk management behavior performance is calculated based on 5 point Likert scale. The validity of this research is also confirmed by ten professors and experts and it's stability previously is confirmed by Veisi et al. (2000).

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In this research questionnaire's stability was 89%. To investigate the research's hypothesis, the Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS software, version 18, was used.

Findings
The research's main hypothesis: There is no relationship between the sports director's familiarity of sports rights concepts with risk management behaviors at Kurdistan province. According to the results from Table 1, at the 0.05 significance level, the research hypothesis is confirmed and as a result there is relation between the extent of sports directors' familiarity of sports rights concepts with risk management behaviors at Kurdistan province. The intensity of this correlation is 0.422 and is in a direct direction, it means that by increasing sport director's familiarity with sports rights concepts, risk management increases.
The second zero hypothesis: There is no relation between sports directors' familiarity with sports rights concepts and medical exercised problems (applied medical problems) in their programs at Kurdistan province. According to the results from Table 2, at 0.05 significance level, the research hypothesis is confirmed, therefore there is relation between the extent of sports directors' Golnaz Khazdozi, Seyyed Mohiadin Bahari, Hassan Ashayeri. RAD Vol.19, Special Edition, 2017, p.96-116. Página108 familiarity with sports rights concepts and exercised (applied) medical problems to their program at Kurdistan province. The amount of this correlation is 0.542 and is in the straight direction, it means that by increasing sports directors' familiarity with sports rights concepts, in their program applied medical problems increases.

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The third zero hypothesis: There is no relation between the amount of sports directors familiarity with sports rights concepts, and applied facilities in their program at Kurdistan province. According to results from Table 3   familiarity with sports rights concepts and with applied facilities to their program at Kurdistan province. Golnaz Khazdozi, Seyyed Mohiadin Bahari, Hassan Ashayeri. RAD Vol.19, Special Edition, 2017, p.96-116.

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The fifth zero hypothesis: There is no relation between sports directors' familiarity with sports rights concepts, bystander's safety and applied society control, in their program at Kurdistan province. familiarity with sports rights concepts and bystanders safety, and with applied society control in their program at Kurdistan province.

Sixth subsidiary hypothesis: There is no relation between sports directors'
familiarity with sports rights concepts and with applied transportation in their plan (program) at Kurdistan province. familiarity with sports rights concepts and applied transportation in their program, at Kurdistan province. The value of this correlation is 0.476 and is in the straight direction, it means that by increasing sports director's familiarity with sports rights concepts, applied transportation in their program increases.
7th zero hypothesis: There is no relation between sports directors' familiarity with sports rights concepts and applied safety and facilities in their program.  Based on results from Table 7 at 0.05 significance level, the research hypothesis is confirmed, therefore there is relation between the sports directors' familiarity with sports rights concepts, applied safety and facilities in their program, at Kurdistan province.
The value of this correlations 0.422 and is in the straight direction. It means that by increasing sports directors' familiarity with sports rights concepts, safety and applied facilities will increase in their program.
8th secondary hypothesis: There is no relation between the amount of sports directors familiarity with sports rights concepts, applied recruitment and upbringing to their program at Kurdistan province.

Discussion and Conclusion
The aim of this research was determining the relation between the amount of familiarity with sports rights concepts and risk management behaviors among sports directors. The results of the test in the basic hypothesis showed that there is a significant meaningful relation between sports directors' familiarity with sports rights concepts and risk management behaviors at Kurdistan province in Iran (P=0.013). Risk management is Golnaz Khazdozi, Seyyed Mohiadin Bahari, Hassan Ashayeri. RAD Vol.19, Special Edition, 2017, p.96-116. Página111 the process of recognition or identification of the damage that an organization exposes to, and is described as the best techniques to deal with these damages. So, it can be said that sports directors' familiarity with sports rights concepts, and increasing risk management behaviors decrease the expose of risk, damages or accidents among the athletes. These results are in consistent with the results of Aghayeenia (2012). The results showed that there is a significant relation between sports directors' familiarity with sports rights concepts and applied supervision in their program at Kurdistan province (P=0.013).

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Applying duty of favorable supervision for a sport director has various dimensions.
Being at the sport halls and monitoring perfect sport programs is one of these dimensions.
Each sports director should monitor current sport activities based on his responsibilities to progress this activities performance in a healthy process and without stress and tension.
The directors claim that they are not the cause of chaos and turbulence of bystanders and athletes at sport places. This is a right claim so we should know that the directors are responsible for chaos and turbulences, so irregularities backgrounds should be vanished.
Necessary arrangements to establish order should be anticipated, and performed (Farahani et al. 2014). The results of Veisi et al. showed the levels of risk management behaviors performance between South Khorasan Sports Board has a partly favorable condition, and also the results of Soleimani's research (2013) showed that there is a significant difference between the kind of swimming pool's management (public or state), in equipment inspection, equipment and tools protection and the staff position, but there is no significant difference between the kind of swimming pool's management (public or state), in medical considerations, the participants from index and participants training.
The results showed that there is a significant relation between the extant of sports directors (managers) familiarity with sports rights and applied medical problems in their program at Kurdistan province (p=0.09). The stadiums should be equipped for disabled people specially those who use wheelchairs, and also they should be aware of the problems of people using wheelchairs face to, and necessarily being ready to assist them. Most of people who use wheelchairs usually have an aid or a worker, so their problems should be considered seriously. In emergency, when an accident happens, for evacuating disabled who use wheelchairs appropriate methods should be considered. In addition, patients or

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The results showed that there isn't a significant relation between sports directors' familiarity with sports rights concepts, with bystanders' safety and applied population control in their program and schedule, at Kurdistan province (p=0.098).
In the case the place isn't safe enough and accident happen, (such as: destruction of a part of bystanders place) and it causes injury of some of bystanders, the sports director will be responsible for it. The construct of audience (bystanders) places should be safe enough and there shouldn't be any risk of land-sliding and crumbling. The other dimension of this duty is the exact knowledge of directors about the stadium's capacity and preventing excessive entrance more than the stadiums' capacity.
The results showed that there is a significant relation between the sports directors' familiarity with sports rights concepts, and applied transition in their program at Kurdistan province (p=0.02). Tummala and Leung (1996) believe that successful achievement of the objectives depends to how risks and unknown issues around it evaluated, and how favorable decisions, about risk control and management, are made. Natural calamities, such as: abnormal rains, hurricane and storm mostly end to the rupture of delivering services to customers and also endanger individuals' healthy. The risk recognition determines all potential events, and causes the directors to decrease the unpredictable accidents by preventive measures and proceedings during transportation.
The results showed that there is a significant relation between the extant of sports directors familiarity with sports rights concepts, and applied security and equipment's in their schedule at Kurdistan province (p=0.042). The directors are responsible for inspection and elimination of defects and utilized equipment's at sports places. Equipping new constructed sports constructions also consists this regulation.
Because potential risks may cause the athletes injuries, ongoing investigation of constructions, buildings, lawns, swimming pools, locker rooms, showers, gyms and other sports complexes buildings to estimate repairing and corrective proceedings, set and send required suggestions about this issue to superiors and following them up, is another dimension of the sport complexes' sport directors and supervisor's supervision. So, it's violation causes responsibilities. And also, results showed that there isn't significant and meaningful relation between the amount of sports managers' and directors' familiarity Golnaz Khazdozi, Seyyed Mohiadin Bahari, Hassan Ashayeri. RAD Vol.19, Special Edition, 2017, p.96-116. Studies about recruitment condition, applied education and its relationship with sports rights show that the managers with official hiring condition that work full time for their organization are more familiar with sports rights concepts than those who have informal employment condition and work part-time; because they concentrate on one task and are not engaged in other issues such as training and executive jobs, so they spend all their efforts and energy for their aim and responsibilities.

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Finally, the current study suggests that risk management and sports rights are new issues. Therefore, applying it needs special facilities and situation that rarely exists in state institutions and organizations, and until the proper situation, it cannot be expected these behaviors would be in the right way.
The present research has achieved valuable results about the extent of Kurdistan province sports directors' familiarity with sports rights concepts and risk management behaviors by investigating sports staffs of the province. So considering the research findings, it can be offered that sports managers and directors of Kurdistan province can provide sports facilities for stadiums, construct safe seating for spectators, make a space between spectators seating and the field and physical barriers, increase exit gates to provide security for competition area, eliminate the risks, predict possible problems, meet the needs to protect individuals and also change hiring condition for contract employees, and corporate employees.