Intoxicaciones por alcohol y accidentes mortales en Bielorrusia

Yury E. Razvodovsky

Resumen


Antecedentes: Alta tasa de muertes accidentales en las antiguas repúblicas soviéticas (ARS) y sus grandes fluctuaciones en las últimas décadas han atraído un interés considerable. Aumenta la evidencia que apunta hacia un patrón de consumo intensivo de alcohol como un factor potencialmente importante en la crisis de mortalidad por accidentes en las ARS. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar el efecto a nivel agregado del consumo intensivo de alcohol en la tasa de mortalidad por accidentes en la ex república soviética de Bielorrusia. Método: Las tendencias en la intoxicación alcohólica grave (como un proxy para consumo excesivo de alcohol) y las tasas de muertes por accidente desde 1979 hasta 2007 son analizadas mediante un análisis de series temporales distribuídas con el fin de evaluar la relación bivariante entre las dos series temporales. Resultados: De acuerdo con los informes sobre autopsias de la Oficina de Medicina Forense el número de muertes debido a accidentes y lesiones aumentaron un 94,5% (38,7 a 75,6 por 100.000 habitantes), y la tasa de intoxicación etílica fatal aumentó en un 108,6% (12,8 a 26,7 por 100.000 de los residentes) en Bielorrusia entre 1979 y 2007. El alcohol en la sangre se encontró en el 51.4% de las víctimas de muertes por accidentes y lesiones durante todo el período, con la cifra mínima de 43,1% en 1986 y 59,1% como máximo en 2005. El resultado del análisis de series temporales distribuídas indicó una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el número de muertes por envenenamiento por alcohol y el número de alcoholemias positivas en muertes por accidentes y lesiones en el intervalo cero. Conclusión: El resultado de este estudio apoya la hipótesis de que el alcohol y las muertes por accidentes y lesiones están estrechamente relacionada con una cultura con un patrón de consumo orientado a la intoxicación. Esta investigación apunta hacia que el patrón de consumo intensivo de alcohol en Bielorrusia es un factor potencialmente importante en la crisis de mortalidad por accidentes de dicho país.


Palabras clave


accidentes; intoxicación alcohólica; series temporales; Bielorrusia

Texto completo:

PDF

Referencias


Anda, R.F., Williamson, D.F., Remington P.L. (1995). Alcohol and fatal injuries among US adults. Journal of the American Medical Association, 260,2529–2532.

Anderson, P. & Baumberg, B. (2006). Alcohol in Europe. A public health perspective. A report for the European Commission, Institute of Alcohol Studies, UK.

Bondy, S.J. (1996). Overview of studies on drinking patterns and

consequences. Addiction, 91(11), 1663–1674.

Box, G.E.P., Jenkins, G.M. (1976). Time Series Analysis: forecasting

and control. London. Holden-Day Inc.

Chenet, L., Britton, A., Kalediene, R., Petrauskiene, J. (2001). Daily

variations in deaths in Lithuania: the possible contribution of binge drinking. International Journal of Epidemiology, 30,743–748.

Cherpitel, C.J. (1993) Alcohol and injuries: A review of international emergency room studies. Addiction, 88, 923–937.

Cherpitel, C.J., Moskalewicz, J., Swiatkiewicz, G. (2004). Drinking

patterns and problems in emergency services in Poland. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 39(3), 256–261.

Cunningham, R.M., Maio, R.F., Hill, E.M., Zink, B.J. (2002). The effects of alcohol on head injury in the motor vehicle crash victim. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 37(3), 236–240.

Edwards, G., Anderson, P., Babor, T.F., Casswell, S., Ferrence, R., Giesbrecht, N., Godfrey, C., Holder, H.P., Lemmens, P.H.M.M. (1994). Alcohol policy and the public good. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Higson, R., Howland J. (1987). Alcohol as a risk factor for injury of death resulting from accidental falls: a review of the literature. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 48, 212–219.

Landberg J. (2010). Population drinking and fatal injuries in Eastern Europe: a time-series analysis of six countries. Eur Addict Res, 16, 43–52.

Makela, P. (1998). Alcohol-related mortality by age and sex and its impact on life expectancy. Estimates based on the Finnish death register. European Journal of Public Health, 8, 43–51.

Mayhew, D.R., Donelson, A.C., Beirness, D.J., Simpson, H.M. (1986). Youth, alcohol and relative risk of crash involvement. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 18, 273–287.

McLeon, R., Stockwell, T., Stevens, M., Phillips, M. (1999). The relationship between alcohol consumption patterns and injury. Addiction,94,1719–1734.

Moskalewicz, J., Razvodovsky, Y., Wieczorek, P. (2009). East-West disparities in alcohol-related harm within European Union. Paper presented at the KBS Annual Conference, Copenhagen, 1-5 June, 2009.

Mravik, V., Vorel, F., Zabransky, T. (2007). Drugs and fatal traffic accidents in the Czech republics. Cent Eur J Public Health, 15, 158–162.

Nemtsov, A.V., Razvodovsky, Y.E. (2008). Alcohol situation in Russia, 1980-2005. Social and Clinical Psychiatry, 2, 52-60.

Noland, R.B. (2003). Traffic fatalities and injuries: the effect of changes in infrastructure and other trends. Accid Anal Prev, 35,599–611.

Norstrom, T, Ramstedt, M. (2005). Mortality and population drinking: a review of the literature. Drug and Alcohol Review, 24,537–547.

Pérez, K., Santamariña-Rubio, E., Rodríguez-Martos, A., Brugal, M.T., Ricart, I., Suelves, J.M., de la Torre, R., Pujadas, M., Ariza, C., Díez, E., Nepot, M., Ramos, P., Martinez Beneyto, V., Plasència, A. (2009). Substance use among non-fatally injured patients attended at emergency departments in Spain. Drug Alcohol Dependence,105(3),194–201.

Pridemore, W.A. (2006). Heavy drinking and suicide in Russia. Social Forces, 85(1), 413–430.

Puljula, J., Savola, O., Tuomivaara, V., Pribula, J., Hillbom, M. (2007).

Weekday distribution of head traumas in patients admitted to the emergency department of a city hospital: effects of age, gender and drinking pattern. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 42, 474–479.

Razvodovsky, Y.E. (2001). The association between the level of vodka consumption per capita and violent mortality rate: results of time-series analysis. Adicciones, 13(Suppl.1), 77–92.

Razvodovsky, Y.E. (2008). Indicators of alcohol-related problems in

Belarus. Grodno. Medical University Press.

Razvodovsky, Y.E. (2010). Beverage-specific alcohol sales and violent mortality in Russia. Adicciones, 22, 311–316.

Rehm J, Sulkowska U, Manczuk M, Boffeta P, Powles J, Popova S, Zatonski W. (2007). Alcohol accounts for a high proportion of premature mortality in central and Eastern Europe. International Journal of Epidemiology, 36, 458–67.

Rivara, F.P., Jurkovich, G.J., Gurney, J.G., Seguin, D., Fligner, C.L., Ries, R., Raisys, V.A., Copass, M. (1993). The magnitude of acute and chronic alcohol abuse in trauma patients. Arch Surg, 28, 907–913.

Savola, O., Niemela, O., Hillbom, M. (2005). Alcohol intake and the pattern of trauma in young adults and working aged people admitted after trauma. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 40, 269–273.

Savola, O., Niemela, O., Hillbom, M. (2005). Alcohol intake and the pattern of trauma in young adults and working aged people admitted after trauma. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 40, 269–273.

Skog, O.J. (1986). Trends in alcohol consumption and violent deaths. British Journal of Addiction, 81, 365-379.

Skog, O.J. (2001a). Alcohol consumption and mortality rates from traffic accidents, accidental falls, and other accidents in 14 European countries. Addiction, 96,49–58.

Skog, O.J. (2001b). Alcohol consumption and overall accidental mortality in 14 European countries. Addiction, 96, 35-47.

Skog, O.J. (2003) Alcohol and fatal accidents in Canada 1950–1998. Addiction, 98,883–893.

Stickley, A., Leinsalu, M., Andreew, E., Razvodovsky, Y.E., Vagero, D., McKee, M. (2007). Alcohol poisoning in Russia and the countries in the European part of the former Soviet Union, 1970-2002. European Journal of Public Health, 17(5), 444-449.

Treno, A., Gruenewald, P.J., Ponicki, W.R. (1997). The contribution of drinking patterns to the relative risk of injury in six communities: a self report bases probability approach. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 58, 372–381.

Wasserman, D., Varnik, A. (1998). Reliability of statistics on violent deaths and suicide in the former USSR, 1970–1990. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 394 (Suppl.), 34–41.

Watt, K., Purdie, D.M., Roche, A.M., McClure, R.J. (2004). Risk of injury from acute alcohol consumption and the influence of confounders. Addiction, 99, 1262–1273.

Zador, P.L. (1991). Alcohol-related relative risk of fatal driver injuries in relation to driver age and sex. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 52, 302–310.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.144

Enlaces refback

  • No hay ningún enlace refback.