STUDY ON EXTRACTION PROCESS OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) DRY WASTES USING DIFFERENT SOLVENTS

The content of known tetraand pentacyclic diterpenoids in extracts of sunfl ower (Helianthus annuus L.) dry wastes has been studied using different solvents for extraction. It was established that the largest extracted quantity of ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid is obtained when ethanol and diethyl ether are used for extraction of the plant material.

Methyl trachyloban-19-oate (3b) exhibited weak cytotoxic activity against gastric carcinoma and colon carcinoma with ED 50 of 9.6 and 9.1 μg/mL, respectively [34].ent-Trachyloban-19-oic acid (3a) displayed signifi cant in vivo antiinfl ammatory activity [32] and it was investigated on several photosynthetic activities in spinach thylakoids.Acid (3a) acts as Hill reaction inhibitor.Compound 3a did not affect photosystem I activity but inhibited uncoupled photosystem II electron fl ow from H 2 O to DCPIP, and has not effect on electron fl ow from H 2 O to SiMo, indicating that the site of inhibition of this compound is at the level of Q A -Q B [33].

Results and discussion
Because of diterpenoids 1a-3a potential practice interest, we have investigated extracts obtained from sunfl ower (Helianthus annuus L.) dry wastes by their extraction with different organic solvents.Before we reported its extraction with diethyl ether, but here are inconveniences connected to the use of this solvent (highly fl ammability and volatility).For this reason we decided to consider following solvents for this purpose: petroleum ether, dichloromethane, acetone, ethanol and toluene.Diethyl ether was used as reference.
In all cases the same amounts (100 g) of dry plant material were extracted, with the same volume (750 mL) of solvents.The extractions were performed in a Soxhlet apparatus for 10 consecutive cycles.After solvent removal, all crude extracts were weighted (see Table 1) and divided into neutral and acidic part.For easier identifi cation and quantifi cation of the components by GC-MS analysis, each acidic part was treated with ethereal solution of diazomethane leading to diterpenic methyl esters 1b-3b (Table 1).GC-MS analyses have been recorded on an Agilent 7890A Gas Chromatograph with 5975C Mass Selective Detector (GC-MSD) equipped with split/splitless injector and HP-5ms capillary column (30 m/ 0.25 μm).The results of diterpenoids (1b-3b) chromatographic and spectral (MS) identifi cation are presented Table 1 and were compared with those obtained before [13,14].
In such a way, considering the results presented in Table 1, we came to the conclusion that the most recommended solvent for effi cient diterpenoids 1a-3a extraction is ethanol, which is environmentally friendly, industrial applicable and less fl ammable then diethyl ether.

Conclusion
The content of known tetra-and pentacyclic diterpenoids in extracts obtained from sunfl ower (Helianthus annuus L.) dry wastes using different organic solvents has been studied.It was established that the largest quantity of ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid is obtained when ethanol and diethyl ether are used for extraction.