Biometric Data Sharing in Addressing Irregular Migration and Security Issues within the Bali Process Framework for Indonesia and ASEAN Member States
Abstract
The Bali Process Declaration on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime acknowledges the large scale and complexity of irregular migration challenges both within and outside the Asia Pacific region. As one of the efforts to decrease irregular migration in this region, the Regional Support Office of the Bali Process (RSO) was established in 2012 to support the implementation of the Bali Process. In this regard, the Bali Process led to an opportunity to develop the use of technology and biometrics data sharing in migration and border management. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the law and policy in addressing the issue of irregular migration in Indonesia. It also explores the development of the utilization of technology and biometrics in the area of migration, security and border management, as a measure in addressing the problem of irregular migration. The discussion focuses on the role and challenges of technology and biometrics data exchange in border management as one of the most important agreements on the Bali Process. This study finds that the gaps within the ASEAN member states in regulating privacy rights and data protection have caused the difficulties in sharing and exchange data/information particularly biometric data. The method used in this research is the doctrinal legal research, which is mainly referred to as library-based research.
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Irina E Nikitina and Elena V Chesnokova. (2017). Contemporary Challenges of State Security: Illegal Migration as Possible Terrorist Threat, Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 20(1),
Jef Huysmans. (1995). Migrants as a security problem: Dangers of ‘securitizing’ societal issues. In R. Miles, & D. Thranhardt (Eds.), Migration and European integration: The dynamics of inclusion and exclusion, London: Pinter Publishers, p.53.
Jef Huysmans. (2000). The European Union and the Securitization of Migration. Journal of Common Market Studies 38 (5), p. 756.
Jef Huysmans. (2006). The Politics of Insecurity: Fear, Migration and Asylum in the EU, New International Relations Series. London, UK: Routledge, p. 68.
Julia Tallmeister. (2013). Is Immigration a Threat to Security?. https://www.e-ir.info/2013/08/24/is-immigration-a-threat-to-security/.
Khalid Koser. (2005). Irregular migration, state security and human security. A paper prepared for the Policy Analysis and Research Programme of the Global Commission on International Migration Global Commission on International Migration, p. 10-12.
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Koslowski, R. (2004) Possible steps towards an international regime for mobility and security, paper presented to the Workshop on Global Mobility Regimes, Stockholm, June.
Lavoie, C., & Knock, R. (1990). The ASEAN and International Response to the Southeast Asian Refugee Crisis: A Canadian Perspective. Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science, 18(1), 43-65. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/24491753
LIPI News, Indonesia dan ASEAN Political and Security Community, March 2011, http://lipi.go.id/berita/indonesia-dan-asean-political-and-security-community/6283
llen Mesmer, ‘ Indonesia advances world's most ambitious biometric-based national identity card project’, Networked World, September 2012, https://www.networkworld.com/article/2160047/indonesia-advances-world-s-most-ambitious-biometric-based-national-identity-card-proj.html
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MFA Thailand (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Thailand) (2015) Summary: Special Meeting on Irregular Migration in the Indian Ocean. Bangkok, Thailand, 29 May. Available at
Michael Michalak, How ASEAN Can Effectively Address the Data Privacy Conundrum, The Business Times, April 2019, https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/asean-business/how-asean-can-effectively-address-the-data-privacy-conundrum
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Muchtar, Z. A. (2017). Salah Urus Peraturan Menteri Jadi Sumber Masalah Persoalan Regulasi di Indonesia. Salah Urus Peraturan Menteri Jadi Sumber Masalah Persoalan Regulasi di Indonesia.
https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/baca/lt5a06adf8f00cf/salah-urus-peraturan-menteri-jadi-sumber-masalah-persoalan-regulasi-di-indonesia.
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Nurul Azizah Zayzda, et.al. (2019). Securitization and Desecuritization of Migration in Indonesia: Its Implication to Refugee Rights in the Southeast Asian Region, Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights 3 (1), p.87-90.
Nurul Azizah Zayzda. (2017). Sekuritisasi Migrasi Paksa Pengungsi Lintas-Batas di Indonesia. Law Research Review 3 (1), p.43.
OECD Privacy Framework https://www.oecd.org/sti/ieconomy/oecd_privacy_framework.pdf
Paripurna, Amira; Indriani, Masitoh; Widiati, Ekawestri Prajwalita. (2018) Implementation of Resolution No. 4/2016 Of The ICPO-INTERPOL Concerning Biometric Data Sharing: Between Countermeasures Against Terrorist Foreign Fighters (FTFs) And Protection of The Privacy of Indonesian Citizens. Brawijaya Law Journal, Vo. 5, No. 1.
Policy Paper: Framework for the Regional Biometric Data Exchange Solution (RBDES), available at https://www.baliprocess.net/UserFiles/baliprocess/File/Policy%20Framework%20for%20the%20RBDES.pdf;
Praveen Menon. (2015). Malaysia, Indonesia to let 'Boat People' Come Ashore Temporarily. Reuters.com. Accessed April 12, 2019, https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-asia-migrants-indonesia/malaysia-indonesia-to-let-boat-people-come-ashore-temporarily-idUKKBN0O501920150520
Privacy International, State of Privacy Indonesia, https://privacyinternational.org/state-privacy/1003/state-privacy-indonesia#dataprotection
Richa Shivakoti. (2017). ASEAN’s role in the Rohingya refugee crisis. https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/gia/article/asean-s-role-in-the-rohingya-refugee-crisis
Rohan Gunaratna, ASEAN’s Greatest Counter-Terrorism Challenge: The Shift from “Need to Know” to Smart to Share, in Christian Ecle (eds). (2018). Combatting Violent Extremism and Terrorism in Asia and Europe From Cooperation to Collaboration. KAS and RSIS: Singapore, p. 127.
Satrio Dwicahyo. (2017). Indonesia, immigration and returning foreign fighters. East Asia Forum.org. https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2017/01/27/indonesia-immigration-and-returning-foreign-fighters/
Specialists in Air Transport Communications and IT Solutions (SITA) Press Release: Indonesia Tightens Border Control with SITA’s Extensive Biometric System, 26 October 2011, https://www.airport-technology.com/contractors/traffic/sita/pressreleases/pressindonesia-tightens-border-control/
Straßmayr, C., Matanov, A., Priebe, S., Barros, H., Canavan, R., Díaz-Olalla, J. M., Katschnig, H. (2012). Mental health care for irregular migrants in Europe: Barriers and how they are overcome. BMC Public Health, 12, n/a-367. doi: http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.lib.ryerson.ca/10.1186/1471-2458-12-367
The European Union General Data Protection Regulation (the EU GDPR) https://gdpr.eu/
UNHCR (UN High Commissioner for Refugees – Office of the) (2015). ‘UNHCR Global Appeal 2015 Update’, para 122 and 124.
W. Djafar, Wahyudi, et.al, (2016). Perlindungan Data Pribadi: Usulan Pelembagaan Kebijakan dari Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia, Jakarta: ELSAM.
Published
2020-12-07
How to Cite
INDRIANI, Masitoh; PARIPURNA, Amira.
Biometric Data Sharing in Addressing Irregular Migration and Security Issues within the Bali Process Framework for Indonesia and ASEAN Member States.
Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 2, p. 449-474, dec. 2020.
ISSN 2599-2147.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JSEAHR/article/view/17289>. Date accessed: 24 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v4i2.17289.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
