본 연구는 새로운 정책유형으로서 도덕정책에 대해 이론적으로 고찰하고, 우리나라의 낙태정책사례를 통해 도덕정책과정의 영향요인인 시민의견과 시민단체, 종교세력, 정치 적 요인, 이슈 현저성, 정당경쟁이 낙태정책에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면, 첫째, 시민의견과 시민단체는 다른 방식으로 낙태정책에 영향을 미친다는 것 을 발견했다. 즉, 낙태를 반대하는 시민들은 조직화된 집단이나 단체를 결성하여 낙태정 책에 영향을 미치는 반면, 낙태를 찬성하는 시민들은 낙태를 반대하는 세력이나 집단에 대응하는 방식으로 낙태정책에 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 종교세력은 집단차원에서는 종교적· 윤리적 이유로 낙태정책을 강력하게 반대하지만, 개인차원에서 낙태에 대한 종교의 영 향력은 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 정치적 요인의 영향은 미약하나, 개인 차원에 서 국회의원들이 낙태관련 법률안을 발의하거나 입법화함으로써 낙태정책에 영향을 미 친다. 넷째, 낙태문제에 대한 이슈 현저성이 높았던 2009년과 2010년에 국회에서 낙태 관련 법률안의 발의가 많았고 관련 법(모자보건법)의 일부개정이 있었으며, 이러한 이슈 현저성이 2010년 정부의 ‘불법 인공임신중절예방 종합계획’에 영향을 미쳤다. 마지막으 로, 정당경쟁이 낙태정책에 미치는 영향을 직접적으로 알 수는 없었다. 그러나 정당경쟁 이 비교적 강했을 때, 낙태관련 법률안의 제정 또는 개정이 있었던 것으로 나타나, 정당 경쟁과 낙태관련 법률안의 제정이나 개정을 통한 낙태정책 간에 연관관계가 있다는 것 을 간접적으로 추론할 수 있다. 본 연구가 도덕정책을 소개하고, 우리나라의 낙태정책사 례를 통해 도덕정책의 적용가능성을 분석한 첫 논문이라는 점에서 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다.
The objective of this article is to contemplate theoretically morality policy as a new policy typology and analyze the influences of citizen opinions and groups, religious forces, political factors, issue salience, and party competition on abortion policy in South Korea. I find several significant results in this study. First, citizen opinions and groups have important impacts on abortion policy with different ways. That is, citizens against abortions have an effect on abortion policy as forming organized citizen groups themselves, whereas those for abortions have an influence on the abortion policy as responding to forces or groups who oppose abortions. Second, while religious forces at the aggregate level desperately oppose abortion policy due to religious or ethical reasons, it does not seem that religion at the individual level has an impact on abortion policy. Third, the influence of political factors is weak, but Congressmen at the individual level have an influence on abortion policy by legislating or proposing bills related to abortions. Fourth, issue salience had an impact on comprehensive abortion policies presented by national government in 2010. Finally, I am not sure whether party competition influences abortion policy or not. But, I indirectly can infer that there is an association between party competition and abortion policy because bills related to abortions are passed when party competition is strong. This study has a significant implication in that it is the first article that introduces morality policy and analyzes its applicability with a case of abortion policy in South Korea.
The objective of this article is to contemplate theoretically morality policy as a new policy typology and analyze the influences of citizen opinions and groups, religious forces, political factors, issue salience, and party competition on abortion policy in South Korea. I find several significant results in this study. First, citizen opinions and groups have important impacts on abortion policy with different ways. That is, citizens against abortions have an effect on abortion policy as forming organized citizen groups themselves, whereas those for abortions have an influence on the abortion policy as responding to forces or groups who oppose abortions. Second, while religious forces at the aggregate level desperately oppose abortion policy due to religious or ethical reasons, it does not seem that religion at the individual level has an impact on abortion policy. Third, the influence of political factors is weak, but Congressmen at the individual level have an influence on abortion policy by legislating or proposing bills related to abortions. Fourth, issue salience had an impact on comprehensive abortion policies presented by national government in 2010. Finally, I am not sure whether party competition influences abortion policy or not. But, I indirectly can infer that there is an association between party competition and abortion policy because bills related to abortions are passed when party competition is strong. This study has a significant implication in that it is the first article that introduces morality policy and analyzes its applicability with a case of abortion policy in South Korea.
