Comparison of yield and yield components of Faisalabad originated wheat varieties under coastal environment

Bread Wheat is the one most essential major agricultural grain crop which belongs to family Gramineae. The interaction between genotype and environment are badly effects grain production of bread wheat under rain fed and irrigated condition in central Asia environment. The results showed that maximum seed germination (84 %), (73 %); while maximum number of tillers (305 m -2 ), (276 m -2 ); number of productive spikes (288 m -2 ), (258 m -2 ); number of non-productive spikes (17 m -2 ), (18 m -2 ); plant height at maturity (50.4 cm), (58.5 cm); spike length (11.5 cm), (10.4 cm), number of spikelets spike -1 (14.9), (13.7); number of grains spike -1 (40.9), (37.2); 1000-grain weight (52.2 g), (49.4 g); grain yield (5.3 t ha -1 ), (4.7 t ha -1 ); peduncle length (22.2 cm), (28.8 cm); weight of straw (5.5 t ha -1 ), (4.9 t ha -1 ) were excellent in Ujala and Galaxy variety than Faisalabad 2008. However, the minimum seed germination (64 %), number of tillers (262 m -2 ), number of productive spikes (247 m -2 ), number of non-productive spikes (15 m -2 ), plant height at maturity (51.6 cm), spike length (9.8 cm), number of spikelets spike -1 (13.0), number of grains spike -1 (34.3), 1000-grain weight (49.0 g), grain yield (4.36 t ha -1 ), peduncle length (25.2 cm), weight of straw (4.39 t ha -1 ) was recorded in Faisalabad 2008. The present research elucidated that the Galaxy and Ujala wheat varieties performed better for future wheat growers at coastal environments than Faisalabad 2008.


Introduction Background of study
Wheat is most imperative cereal crop which ranked 3 rd in the world among major agricultural crops. Bread Wheat is the one most essential major agricultural grain crop which belongs to family Gramineae. It is used as a staple meal in many components of the world. Wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.) is some of the main nutritional staple meals used as a richest source of calories, protein, carbohydrates and energy and its straw is used for animal's feed in Pakistan [1]. Due to increase in population and food demand in countries like Pakistan, India, Bangladesh etc. it is estimated that 1.5 to 2% annual increase is necessary to meet the local need of the population [2]. Wheat used to make pasta, flour, noodles, cakes, and cookies, make alcohol and beer by fermentation [3]. The wheat plant has surrounding main stem that produce flag leaves and spikes at the top of plant. The main function of leaves is to make their own food by photosynthesis process. Photosynthesis could be the main way to substantially enhance grain yield [4]. The enhancement of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties reliability and quality trait is difficult to evaluate precisely due to environment and varieties collaboration factor [5]. Improvement in wheat productivity is essential to meet the consumption challenges which occur due to increasing population in the world on continual basis. Wheat cultivated on a vast area during winter season in Indo-Gangetic plains. Pakistan falls in top ten wheat producing countries in the world and area ranked ninth in wheat cultivation. The cultivated area of wheat crop in Pakistan is 8,734 thousand hectares which screening the 2.6 percent decline as compare to 8,972 thousand hectares with inside the corresponding duration closing year. During 2017-18 the production of wheat crop in Pakistan put up at 25.492 million tons. The GDP of Pakistan the wheat crop contributes 1.7 percent and the value added in agriculture sector 9.1 percent [6]. Wheat is the most important annual plant. Increasing wheat productivity in high temperature (>30 0 C) during grain filling period is serious issue in tropical environment. The aptitude loss of wheat yield in tropical and sub-tropical areas are currently around 9 million hectares due to high temperature. Adaptability of improved wheat cultivars in its production has revealed suggestive role in making or enhance the country self-consumption for food security. Plant researcher generally approved adapted wheat cultivars but there is not as much of mutual consent. On peak appropriate of adaptability and comparison with several methods measure to develop yield stability. The vital achievement of plant researcher which adapted the improve wheat cultivars into wide range of environment in crop improvement program. Morphologically the wheat plant consists of four major parts in which wheat plant complete their life cycle. These parts are root, stem, leaves and spike. The height of wheat plant ranging two to four feet. The main function of root in wheat plant which anchor or fix the wheat plant in the soil surface and also help to uptake the nutrients and water from the soil. There are two types of root system in wheat plant seminal root system and nodal root system, seminal roots dried after seedling emergence [7]. The adaptation and stability of wheat cultivars in different environment may be analysed for yield ([8]. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is major cultivated species which is the hexaploid species is used worldwide as a staple food. Second species of wheat (Triticum monococcum) is diploid species which is cultivated in wild and another species of hexaploid is cultivated in insufficient quantities [9]. The effect of each factor influential and its qualitative expression characteristic is affected by the genotype's adaptation behaviour in multi environments. The studies showed that during sowing season the adaptation and yield comparison of wheat cultivars particularly during reproductive period of wheat crop are very essential because of protein accumulation and grain formation reserves that have an effect on genotype performance [10]. The stability and yield comparison of wheat cultivars in different environmental condition and under different sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer were carried out. The result showed that grain yield, spike length, and 1000 grain weight are different between genotypes [11]. The wheat production in some of the most advanced countries, the production of wheat crop is not self-supporting and their financial statement of wheat production, which shares the largest substitute food aid [12]. The adaptation and comparison of wheat cultivars across environments granting valuable information and can help to reduce the cost of extensive genotype stability into wide range of environment which achieved the crucial goal of plant researchers [13]. Signifying the wheat is a fundamental supply of energy for greater than1.5 billion people across the world [14]. Per acre production of wheat is very low in rain fed areas of Pakistan and other poor countries of the region, they need to increase the per acre production to ensure food security keeping in view the population growth [15]. Wheat adaptive traits, such as qualitative and quantitative characteristic are affected by the cultivars and the adapted environment interaction [16]. The yield comparison of recent wheat varieties adopted to increase the wheat production and make twice as great returns for wheat crop producers. The aims of this study was to evaluate the adaptation rate and to examine the high yielding wheat assortments on technically and productivity overall performance of the bread wheat [17]. Bread Wheat is the one greatest essential major cereal crop as regard to its annual production. Wheat is dominant grain crop in many developed countries and with day by day increasing their demand due to over population in the world [18]. Wheat is the most important commodity and commercially food trade in the world. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is basic and major food stuff with high consumption ratio for its taste and daily use as well as good source of calories, protein [19].
The improvement of overall productivity performance of cultivar through genetically makeup and variety diversity and also provide to maintain the regional production level [20]. The stable variety is one of the main achievement in multi environment and wide adaptation in winter wheat breeding. The interaction between genotype and environment, the selection of preeminent performing genotype because of confounding performance for the genetic variation among wheat genotype [21]. In multi environments and wide adaptation the of stable genotypes in bread wheat breeding program is one of the focal achievements. The selection of highly production performance and superior worth in bread wheat should be carried through multiplace trials. There is a major difference in soil types of area. The location of Tovarnik had the finest soil type as with highest production performance (chernozem). Differences among examine locations [22]. The performance of genotypes relies upon the interaction between environment and genetic character. Different environmental factors and variation in climatic condition affect the genotype adaptation and performance, which ultimately affect crop growth and production [23]. Among the cereal crops wheat is outlooks 2 nd which providing 68% energy with inside the south Asian state [24]. During the reproductive period altogether the four varieties was connected with minimum, maximum and average temperature throughout the reproductive duration, i.e., fifty percent flowering to maturity. The reproductive period of duration was significantly and badly wracked with most, minimum and average temperature throughout the reproductive period. Still, the duration is fall down with the unit rise in minimal temperature was advanced than the rise in outside and average temperature [25]. The interaction between genotype and environment are badly and there is considerably effect on grain production of bread wheat under rain fed and irrigated condition in central Asia environment. The interaction between genotype and environment impact on grain production of bread wheat has been noted as crucial and important [26]. Throughout the world 65 million ha of wheat growing areas are exposed to drought stress. It has been reported that the climate change also affects to reduce the grain yield [27]. Wheat is used as the primary food, which affected the 35% of the world's population who consumed wheat [28]. There are different factors responsible to reduce the grain production of wheat crop. Among these factors, irrigation water and plant nutrient deficiency, weed infestation, disease impurity and attack of insect and also affect by fluctuation of temperature. Factors causing low grain yield in wheat include temperature fluctuation, lack of irrigation water and plant nutrients, weed competition, insect attack, disease infection, etc. are the most important factors. The wheat production losses due to lack of irrigation, poor soil structure and nutrient deficiency is about 40% and 30% [29]. In some regions of Pakistan wheat production affected due to terminal heat stress and low rain fall in irrigated and rain fed areas. In those regions, such wheat varieties need to be developed which should have higher yield performance and may survive against biotic and abiotic stresses [30]. Continuous adaptation and comparison of wheat varieties with profound high grain yield, good nutrition and tolerating biotic and abiotic stresses and restrict disease, which help to increase the crop performance [31]. The aim of this study is to evaluate adoption rate of modern wheat varieties and to examine the result of currently used wheat genotypes on the yield and technical productivity of wheat.

Soil analysis
Five soil samples were randomly taken from experimental site before planting and after harvesting of crop during the cropping season 2017-18. The soil samples were randomly collected from 15 cm depth with the auger. Soil samples were examined for its physical and chemical properties as presented in (Table 1 & 2).

Crop husbandry Seed bed preparation
After precised land levelling, a light presoaking (Rauni) irrigation was apply to the experimental field. A motivator was used to prepare the field at the optimal moisture level, followed by two cultivations. A cultivator was used to finish seed bed preparation before planking.

Sowing time and sowing method
Sowing was done with the help of a small manual implement known as 'Dibbler' on 27 November, 2017. It has a wooden iron frame. The frame is pressed in the field and lifted and then one seed is dropped by hand in each hole @ recommended 100 kg ha -1 for the entire area. Potassium is low

Crop harvest
The wheat crop was harvested on 16 April 2018 after maturity and keeping in view the yellow/brown colour of ears and straw and also solid condition of the grain. Threshing of wheat was done by machine such as wheat thresher.

Germination (%)
The viability of a seed population is determined by the germination percentage. After two weeks of sowing, following formula was used to get germination percentage: Germination % = No. of germination seeds Total seeds x100

Number of tillers (m -2 )
Number of tillers (m -2 ) was counted from each plot of experimental site from 5 randomly selected plants and average number of tillers (m -2 ) was counted from all plots of each replication.

Number of productive spikes (m -2 )
Plants were covered in an area of 1m 2 in each plot in the experimental site, and 5 plants were randomly chosen to count the total productive spikes (containing grain).

Number of non-productive spikes (m -2 )
Plants were covered in an area of 1m 2 in each plot in the experimental site, and 5 plants were randomly chosen to count the total nonproductive spikes (having no grain).

Plant height at maturity (cm)
From an area of 1m -2 of each plot in the experimental site and five plants were randomly selected in an area of 1m 2 , and each was measured with scale from the bottom of the plant to the top of the plant. The height of the plant was measured in centimeters.

Spike length (cm)
An area of 1m -2 in each plot and plants was selected randomly in each plot and each was measured with scale from the base of the spike and to the top of the awn and spike was measured with scale.

Number of spikelet's spike -1
Randomly selected spikes were collected from 1m -2 and Spikelet's were counted in each spike.

Number of grains spike -1
Randomly selected spikes were collected from 1m -2 and grains were counted in each spike.

1000-grain weight (g)
1000-grain were counted from hand threshed randomly selected plants from each plot and weighted from 1000-grain weight (g) by using electronic balance.

Peduncle length (cm)
An area of 1m -2 was randomly selected in each plot at the experimental field, and plants were covered in an area of 1m 2 in each plot, and each was measured by the third node of the shoot to the top of the spike with a scale. The peduncle length was measured in centimetres.

Grain yield (t ha -1 )
Total dried bundles of each plot were threshed the grains of individual plot were weighted and subsequent yield was converted into t ha -1 .

Weight of Straw (t ha -1 )
Total dried bundles of each plot were threshed and separate the straw and grains to each other and the straw of each plot was weighted and then subsequently convert into t ha -1 .

Economic Analysis
Economically analysing data are compiled in two main steps first production costs and Output returns. The whole cost of rising a wheat crop is known as its production cost. It encompasses pre-and post-harvest operations, as well as the costs or charges associated with them. Cost factors for wheat production in the current study include, among other things, chemical cost, fertilizer cost, irrigation cost, threshing cost, land rent, labour cost, and publicizing cost.

Meteorological data
Meteorological data were obtained from the laboratory of the Meteorological department, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences at Uthal, Balochistan during the growing season 2017-18. Graph of climatic data such as temperature, wind speed, humidity dryness are as below.

Statistical analysis
The obtained data of yield and yield components was evaluated using Fisher's analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures, with the least significant difference test at a probability level 5% to estimate the differences between treatment means [32].

Results
Under coastal environmental conditions a field experiment was conducted on different wheat varieties during 2017-18 at Agronomic research site of Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences Balochistan. The research was arranged as Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications and three treatments i.e V1 = Galaxy, V2 = Faisalabad 2008 and V3 = Ujala. The observation were recorded on the basis of different growth and yield of wheat traits i.e Germination (%), number of tiller (m 2 ), number of productive spikes (m 2 ), number of non-productive spikes (m 2 ), plant height at maturity (cm), spike length (cm), number of spikelets spike -1 , number of grains spike -1 , 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (t ha -1 ), peduncle length (cm) and weight of straw (t ha -1 ). The statistical results of these parameters are presented below from (Fig. 1 to 12).

Seed germination (%)
Seed germination and vigorous seedlings are important characteristics that may aid crop establishment. The most essential and susceptible stages of a crop succession are seed germination and seedling emergence. Poor seed quality and sowing conditions have both direct (e.g., lack of seed germination translates into the need for re-sowing with additional costs or into a reduced plant density, resulting in a lower yield and indirect (e.g., lower competitiveness of crops toward weeds and more favourable conditions for disease development) impacts on crop health because they affect seed germination and seedling emergence. Seed germination is an important stage in plant growth and may be used to predict plant productivity. Physiological and biochemical changes during germination, followed by morphological changes, are closely associated to seedling survival rate and vegetative development, which impact yield and quality. In agricultural domestication, the germination process is crucial because irregular seed germination can result in poor stand establishment, which affects total crop output. Seed germination is a component that contributes to crop yield. The results in respect of seed germination (%) of different yield and yield components of Faisalabad originated wheat varieties under coastal environment showed in (Fig. 1) and its analysis of variance (ANOVA) is given as appendix-III. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is significant (P< 0.05) for different wheat varieties. In this investigation, increasing the temperature accelerated the seed germination which the experimental data of seed germination showed that the maximum seed germination (84.000 %) was recorded for V3 = Ujala; followed by (73.000 %) seed germination was observed at V1 = Galaxy however the minimum seed germination (64.000 %) was recorded at V2 = Faisalabad 2008. Furthermore, the adaptability and comparison of yield and yield component the Ujala was the superior wheat variety showed highest germination (%) as compare to other two varieties.

Number of tillers (m -2 )
It is assumed that the number of tillers has a significant impact on grain production in wheat. Certain tillers enter the reproductive stage after vegetative development, generating complex spikes with spikelets that give rise to grains at their tips. Wheat tillering is therefore a key agronomic trait that controls the number of heads and spikes and, as a result, grain yield. Excessive tillering can reduce production because immature tillers take nutrients from the main shoot during the vegetative development stage and then senescence before reaching maturity, without contributing to production. Tiller formation is managed by a complex network of hormonal regulation and is influenced by the plant's developmental stage, nutrition level, and environmental stimuli. Wheat plants are exceptionally hardy in terms of the number of tillers (lateral branches) they produce. The results in detail the number of tiller (m -2 ) of different yield and yield components of Faisalabad originated wheat varieties under coastal environment showed in (Fig. 2) and its analysis of variance (ANOVA) is given as appendix-IV. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is significant (P< 0.05) of different wheat varieties. In this research, raising the temperature Ujala (V3) produce highest number of tillers on other hand Faisalabad 2008 (V2) and galaxy (V1) affected to produce less number of tillers. The result showed that maximum number of tillers (305 m -2 ) was recorded at V3 = Ujala; followed by (276 m -2 ) number of tillers was observed at V1 = Galaxy however the minimum number of tillers (262 m -2 ) was recorded at V2 = Faisalabad 2008. Furthermore, the adaptability and comparison of yield and yield component the Ujala was the superior wheat variety showed highest number of tillers as compare to other two varieties.

Number of productive spikes (m -2 )
Spike is the main yield component of wheat plant that bears grain, and its somatic characteristics are alternative measurements of grain yields. Grain production may be measured using associated parameters for instance the number of productive tillers, spike length, 1000-grain weight, and number of spikelet's spike -1 , among others. Grain production is directly proportional to the number of productive tillers plant -1 . The number of productive tillers, or tillers that produce spikes and seeds, is an essential agronomic parameter in wheat because it influences biomass production and grain yield potential. Improving tiller productivity during wheat development is crucial for maximizing grain production. Grain production in winter wheat has been found to be indirectly related to productive tiller. It has been confirmed that the productive tiller accumulation dry matter in wheat main stem (MS) has a significant association with grain production. A high grain yield in winter wheat is based on the formation of a sufficient number of productive spikes and shoots biomass. Results regarding the number of productive spike (m -2 ) as growth and yield components of wheat varieties under coastal environment of Lasbela are showed in (Fig. 3) and its analysis of variance (ANOVA) is given in Appendix-V. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is significant (P< 0.05) for different wheat cultivars. In experimental trial these three wheat varieties such as Galaxy (V1), Faisalabad 2008 (V2) and Ujala (V3) was less affected by temperature fluctuation. The result showed that maximum number of productive spike (288 m -2 ) was recorded in V3 = Ujala; followed by (258 m -2 ) number of productive spike was observed at V1 = Galaxy. The minimum number of productive spike (247 m -2 ) was recorded in V2 = Faisalabad 2008 variety. The adaptability and comparison of yield and yield component the Ujala was the superior wheat variety produced highest number of productive spikes (m -2 ) under prevailing environmental conditions.

Number of non-productive spikes (m -2 )
An increase in other yield components cannot compensate for yield losses caused by nonproductive spikes [33]. Non-productive tillers that emerge in the spring may compete with productive tillers for nutrients or water. The formation tiller is a challenging process. However, there are at least two types of tillers in cereals: productive, which lead to the formation of ears and are thus most important for grain yield; and non-productive, which are examples of a natural "ineffective" process that consumes the plant's resources but does not produce a yield at the end. Nonproductive tillers are rarely occurring to affect the grain production. It has been exposed that increasing the number of non-productive tillers has an influence on grain production. The ratio of fertile and non-fertile tillers in wheat has a significant relationship with the number of ears and grain production before harvesting. The largest shoot number developed at the accomplishment of tillering determines the eventual number of ears more than total tiller losses. Number of non-productive spikes (m -2 ) results of Faisalabad originated wheat varieties under coastal environment showed in (Fig. 4) and its analysis of variance (ANOVA) is given as appendix-VI. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is significant (P< 0.05) of different wheat varieties. Wheat varieties such as Galaxy (V1), Faisalabad 2008 (V2) and Ujala (V3) were less affected by environmental fluctuation. After 60 to 90 days after sowing there was seemed nonproductive spike in experimental trial. Finding showed that maximum number of non-productive spike (18 m -2 ) was recorded at V1 = Galaxy; followed by (17 m -2 ) number of productive spike was observed at V3 = Ujala. However, the minimum number of productive spike (15 m -2 ) was recorded at V2 = Faisalabad 2008. Regarding wheat adaptability and comparison of yield and yield component the Galaxy was produced highest number of non-productive spikes (m -2 ).

Plant height at maturity (cm)
Wheat plant height is a crucial yield component that is recognized as a quantitative and variable trait whose expression is heavily influenced by environmental conditions. The above ground biomass (AGB) may be estimated using plant height, which can be observed at ground level Wheat genotypes innovative by breeder with shorter plant heights has enhanced genetic wheat gains and greatly subsidized to increasing wheat production worldwide. Plant height revealed the varietal's growth pattern, as well as soil quality and nutrient availability and other input management quality. Statistical results of plant height at maturity (cm) of different yield and yield components of Faisalabad originated wheat varieties under coastal environment showed in (Fig. 5) and its analysis of variance (ANOVA) is given as appendix-VII. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is non-significant (P>0.05) of different wheat varieties. The effect of gradually increasing temperature and other meteorological trail on each variety showed that the plant height parameter was affected Galaxy wheat variety produce maximum plant height and Ujala produce minimum plant height (Fig. 5) result, indicated that maximum plant height at maturity (58.500 cm) was recorded at V1 = Galaxy; followed by (51.690 cm) plant height at maturity was observed at V2 = Faisalabad 2008. Minimum plant height at maturity (50.420 cm) was recorded at V3 = Ujala variety under coastal conditions. Adaptability and comparison of yield and yield component the Galaxy was the superior wheat variety showed highest plant height as compare to other two varieties.

Spike length (cm)
Spike length is the most significant yield component in wheat because increasing spike length results in more spikelet spike -1 and hence better grain production. Spike length influences grain yield indirectly through the number of spikelet's, the number of viable spikelet's, the number of grains spike -1 , and the number of grains spike -1 , implying that breeders should pay particular attention to this trait. The quantity of grain spikes and thousand grain weight are related to spike production. Grain number is connected to spike length and overall grain production. The spike length is very important in wheat since it has a direct influence on grain production; it is widely assumed that the longer spike length it produce more grain spike -1 . The results regarding the spike length (cm) of different yield and yield components of Faisalabad originated wheat varieties under coastal climate showed in (Fig. 6) and its analysis of variance (ANOVA) is given as appendix-VIII. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is significant (P< 0.05) for subjected wheat varieties. The varietal comparison between these three varieties Galaxy, Faisalabad 2008 and Ujala after high temperature fluctuation indicated that the spike length was less affected. Finding showed that extreme spike length (11.5 cm) was recorded at V3 = Ujala; followed by (10.4 cm) spike length was observed at V1 = Galaxy. Minimum spike length (9.8 cm) was recorded at V2 = Faisalabad 2008. Furthermore, the adaptability and comparison of yield and yield component the all wheat varieties showed non-significant spike length (cm).

Number of spikelet's spike -1
Number of spikelet's spike -1 is highly essential growth components which directly effect on number of grain spikes -1 fluctuation. The grains in intermediate spikelet's are thicker and heavier than the grains in basal and top spikelet's. Spikelet's are the building components of the wheat spike, commonly known as the inflorescence. The quantity and placement of individual spikelets on the spike influence the architecture or morphology of the spike, which is crucial in determining wheat grain production. Increased grain yield of wheat crop is dependent on the number of spikelet's spike -1 . Increasing the number of spikelets has been shown in several studies to boost grain production. Regarding number of spikelet's spike -1 result of different of yield and yield components of Faisalabad originated wheat varieties under coastal environment showed in (Fig. 7) and its analysis of variance (ANOVA) is given as appendix-IX. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is exhibited non-significant (P> 0.05) result of different wheat varieties. The role of temperature with related factors and varieties interaction was revealed that Ujala produce more number of spikelet's spike -1 , followed by Galaxy but Faisalabad 2008 produce less spikelet's spike -1 due to temperature fluctuation. The result showed that maximum number of spikelet's spike -1 (14.9) was recorded at V3 = Ujala. followed by (13.7) number of spikelet's spike -1 was observed at V1 = Galaxy and V2 = Faisalabad 2008. Concerning the adaptation and comparison of yield and yield component the Ujala was the superior wheat variety showed maximum number of spikelet's spike -1 .

Number of grains spike -1
The grains number spike -1 is crucial production components which direct impact on grain production. Grain production of wheat is governed by agronomic characteristics such as grain spike -1 , which have been extensively researched in wheat improvement programs to speed cultivar development because of their high heritability and relation to grain yield, agronomic factors may be used as indirect selection criteria during breeding and cultivar development. The quantity of grain spike -1 has been found as a key factor in increasing grain production. Gains productions of wheat crop have been recorded as a result of grain number improvement. The relationship between grain yield and grain number is well-formed in some conditions, meaning that increasing grain number may be a less efficient method of increasing grain production. A higher grains number spike -1 is a significant characteristic that is directly related to wheat grain production. Results regarding the number of grains spike -1 of different yield and yield components of Faisalabad originated wheat varieties under coastal environment showed in (Fig. 8) and its analysis of variance (ANOVA) is given as Appendix-X. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is non-significant (P> 0.05) for different wheat cultivars. The influence of temperature up and down on grain filling period assessment between these varieties (Galaxy, Faisalabad 2008, Ujala) so that Ujala produce superior number of grain spike -1 than Galaxy but Faisalabad 2008 less affected by temperature fluctuation. Finding showed that maximum while non-significant number of grains spike -1 (40.9) was recorded at V3 = Ujala; followed by (37.2) number of grains spike -1 was observed at V1 = Galaxy however the minimum number of grains spike -1 (34.3) was recorded at V2 = Faisalabad 2008. Regarding wheat adaptability and comparison of yield and yield component the Ujala was the superior wheat variety showed highest number of grains spike -1 .

1000-grains weight (g)
Grain yield plant -1 was shown to have a significantly substantial positive relationship with 1000-grain weight. Grain weight is generally expressed in terms of 1000 kernel weight. Thousand kernel weight (TKW) is an important parameter for selection breeding. Thousand kernel weight (TKW) is not only directly related to grain yield and milling quality of grain, but it also has an influence on seedling vigour and growth, which has an indirect effect on yield. Thousand kernel weight (TKW) was also shown to be significantly connected to kernel size parameters including kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), and kernel thickness. Insufficient spike quantity that could not be compensated either by the number of grains spike -1 or thousand kernel weight (TKW) increases. Insufficient spikes may be related with lower tiller incidence and higher loss of viable florets due to cold weather in the spring. The results in respect the 1000-grain weight (g) of different yield and yield components of Faisalabad originated wheat varieties under coastal environment showed in (Fig. 9) and its analysis of variance (ANOVA) is given as appendix-XI. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is non-significant (P> 0.05) of different wheat varieties. Heat stress can have a significant impact on wheat productivity during anthesis and 1000-grain weight (g) assessment these three varieties such as (Galaxy, Faisalabad 2008, Ujala) so that the result presented that maximum 1000-grain weight (52.2 g) was recorded at V3 = Ujala 1000-grain weight (49.4 g) was observed at V1 = Galaxy statistically at par with each other. 1000-grain weight (49.0 g) was recorded at V2 = Faisalabad 2008 was concerning the adaptability and comparison of yield and yield component the Ujala was the superior wheat variety showed highest 1000-grain weight (g) as compare to the other varieties.

Peduncle length (cm)
The peduncle, which is placed right beneath the spike at the first internode, has various important tasks in crop productivity. The vascular system in the peduncle must expand in order to provide embraces to the filled grain. At both levels, peduncle length had no effect on grain spike -1 or per plant productivity. Peduncle length enhances all of the associated parameters, most notably plant height at maturity (PH), spike length (SL), and flag leaf area (FLA), all of which influence yield. Despite the fact that it has no direct association with yield plant -1 , it might be utilized as an indirect yield improvement selection factor. Peduncle length indicated a positive correlation with grain yield.
Statistical results of peduncle length (cm) of different yield and yield components of Faisalabad originated wheat varieties under coastal environment showed in (Fig. 10) and its analysis of variance (ANOVA) is given as appendix-XIII. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is significant (P< 0.05) of different wheat varieties. The effect of temperature rising and other meteorological observation on each variety showed that the peduncle length factor was affected Galaxy wheat variety gave maximum peduncle length fallowed by Faisalabad 2008 wheat variety and Ujala wheat variety, respectively was produce minimum peduncle length. Finding showed that maximum peduncle length (28.8 cm) was recorded at V1 = Galaxy; followed by (25.2 cm) peduncle length was observed at V2 = Faisalabad 2008. Minimum peduncle length (22.2 cm) was recorded at V3 = Ujala. Wheat varieties adaptability and comparison of yield and yield component the Galaxy was the superior wheat variety showed highest peduncle length (cm).

Grain yield (t ha -1 )
The grain yield attribute is primarily depending on a number of other production component including spike length, spikelet's spike -1 , grains spike -1 , and 1000 grains weight which up and down the grain production. The interaction of genotypes and environment is crucial for increasing wheat production and quality. Wheat yield was shown to be proportional to plant height, number of tillers plant -1 , and dry weight. Similarly, an increase in the number of tillers plant -1 , as well as other yield-related characteristics enhanced wheat production. Grain yield is a quantitative trait that is easily impacted by environmental conditions. The genotypes and environments interaction evaluated the response of adapted wheat genotypes to gradually environment fluctuation with quick response of mean grain yield. Grain production (t ha -1 ) results of different yield and yield components of Faisalabad originated wheat varieties under coastal environment showed in (Fig. 11) and its analysis of variance (ANOVA) is given as appendix-XII. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is significant (P< 0.05) for wheat cultivars. The potential impact of high temperature on grain filling period was revealed that the response to reduce the grain yield. The varietal comparison result showed that maximum grain yield (5.3 t ha -1 ) was recorded at V3 = Ujala; followed by (4.7 t ha -1 ) grain yield was observed at V1 = Galaxy however the minimum grain yield (4.36 t ha -1 ) was recorded at V2 = Faisalabad 2008. Regarding the adaptability and comparison of yield and yield component the Ujala was superior wheat variety showed highest grain yield (t ha -1 ).

Weight of straw (t ha -1 )
The weight of straw (t ha -1 ) trait has great association with plant height because varieties with taller plants but with short awns might have greater straw weight. Crop straw is a massive universal organic agricultural waste resource. Wheat straw on the soil surface may have a negative influence the early crop growth due to the release of many inhibitory allopathic (allele-chemical) chemicals into the soil, decreasing leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency. These compounds might be phytotoxins generated by dead cells during irrigation water and immersed by crop roots. Crop straw is a renewable agricultural resource that aids in the preservation of soil fertility and the enhancement of soil qualities. The result of weight Straw (t ha -1 ) results of different yield and yield components of Faisalabad originated wheat varieties under coastal environment showed in (Fig. 12) and its analysis of variance (ANOVA) is given as appendix-XIV. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is significant (P< 0.05) for wheat cultivars. The temperature fluctuation affected the weight of straw of different wheat varieties so that the Ujala variety gave maximum weight of straw and then Galaxy variety and Faisalabad 2008 variety was less affect to produce minimum weight of straw by temperature fluctuation. The result showed that the maximum weight of straw (5.5 t ha -1 ) was recorded at V3 = Ujala; followed by (4.9 t ha -1 ) weight of straw was observed at V1 = Galaxy however the minimum weight of straw (4.39 t ha -1 ) was recorded at V2 = Faisalabad 2008. Regarding the adaptability and comparison of yield and yield component the Ujala was the superior wheat variety showed highest weight of straw (t ha -1 ).

Discussion
The . This demonstrates how environments have a complex influence on grain yield and qualityrelated characteristics. Previous research in Central Asia found a substantial Genotype, Environment connection between grain yield and TKW (Sharma et al., 2013). In Central Asia, it has reported that the existence of GE interaction on quality-related variables (TWT, protein, and gluten content) in wheat has also been discovered [37, 38]. An optimal genotype has the highest yield across all test conditions and is exceptionally stable in performance (ranks first across all test scenarios) [39]. Wheat plants grow a large number of tillers (lateral branches) in a short amount of time. Tillers are additional stems that grow from the base of the main stem of the wheat plant [40]. The primary tiller is formed by the axons of the first four or more true leaves of the main stem. Secondary tillers can emerge from the base of primary branches if the conditions are favourable for branch development and the plant has a genetic predisposition. The development of tillers is assisted by timely cultivation [41]. Wheat plant with a large number of tillers, some of which mature. Tightly planted wheat plants, on the other hand, can only produce one tiller or no branches other than the main stem. Whereas wheat variety V1 (Galaxy) produced minimum germination % (73.00 %), number of tillers (276 m -2 ), number of productive spikes (258 m -2 ), number of non-productive spikes (18 m -2 ), plant height at maturity (58.5 cm), spike length (10.4 cm), spikelets spike -1 (13.7), grains spike -1 (37.2), 1000-grain weight (49.4 g), grain yield (3.8 t ha -1 ), peduncle length (28.8 cm), weight of straw (4.9 t ha -1 ). [42]. the present research showed that the environment has a substantial impact on bread wheat grain productivity. This shows that there was a genetic difference in this attribute between genotypes. Agronomic traits such as Plant height, productive tiller number, grains spike -1 , grain weight spike -1 , 1000-grain weight, and other growth components determine wheat yield the present study showed that the stability of grain production of wheat varieties across multi environments authenticated that protein content decrease linearly as wheat output increases. This disparity might be related to differences in materials and environmental conditions. finding report revealed that there were no significant differences in wheat tillers m -2 and 1000-grain weight across genotypes, environments and their interactions. [43]. finding report revealed that the rise in the number grain spike -1 , spikelet number spike -1 , and ultimately higher grain yield of the wheat crop as a result of optimal cultivar performance in favourable soil and climatic conditions. However, the wheat variety V2 (Faisalabad 2008) where minimum germination % (64.00 %), number of tillers (262 m -2 ), number of productive spikes (247 m -2 ), number of nonproductive spikes (15 m -2 ), plant height at maturity (51.6 cm), spike length (9.8 cm), spikelets spike -1 (13), grains spike -1 (34.3), 1000-grain weight (49 g), grain yield (3.5 t ha -1 ), peduncle length (25.2 cm), weight of straw (4.39 t ha -1 ). Who revealed that plant height is seen as a hereditary trait of a plant that is influenced by the environmental conditions in which it grows. Temperature and intercepted solar radiation may impact plant height to some extent by implying that plant height is a hereditary trait, but environmental variables change this genetic potential. Shuaib's [44] view showed that the variation in spike length between cultivars is driven by differences in available soil nutrients and prevailing environments at a certain area, as well as genetic inheritance of that cultivar. [45] discovered the considerable spike length interactions between environment and wheat cultivars. Some of the variation was attributed to genetic material variability, while the majority was caused by the wheat experiment's environmental conditions. Wheat plant height is an important yield component that is viewed as a quantitative and dynamic trait that is significantly impacted by environmental factors [46]. The view also described that the number of grains spike -1 , Spikelets spike -1 , and spike length are all linked to crop biomass and leaf area, which differs between cultivars and environments. Comparison of yield and yield components of Faisalabad originated wheat varieties showed a variation in different traits. In all parameters variety "Ujala" performed best except the plant height, peduncle length and nonproductive spikes as compared to other wheat varieties "Galaxy and Faisalabad 2008" on other hand variety "Galaxy" revealed best plant height (cm), peduncle length (cm) and "Faisalabad 2008" produced minimum nonproductive spikes spike -1 environmentally factor significantly distress the trails during the crop growth.

Conclusion
On the basis of experimental results, it was concluded that wheat variety "Ujala" and "Galaxy" produced maximum grain and straw yield as compare to the associated varieties in treatments. Ujala and Galaxy wheat variety were found stable and promising wheat variety under coastal environment of Lasbela compared to other genotype Faisalabad 2008.