Inheritance studies and relationship of morphological traits in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L . )

Studies of inheritance and relationship of morphological traits in wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.) were analysed in Rabi season during the year of 2013 to 2014. Current investigation was performed in different 3 replications with RCBD (Randomized complete block design at the Wheat research station southern, Tandojam. Total 8 wheat genotypes were included Benazir, SKD-11, 2011 Advance line, V-11005, Imdad 2005, TD1-1, Anmol-91 and Hamal. The results of different genotypes was observed significant difference (P≤0.05) by everyone due to their yield and growth traits such as spikelet’s spikes, index of seed, tillers plant-1, spikes of grains, height of plant, yield of plant grain and plant-1 tillers. The Anmol-91 surpassed rest of genotypes with maximum plant height (94.53 cm), and V-11005 Advance line surpassed in tillering capacity (15.00) and spikelets spike (23.00), while longer spikes (15.02), higher seed index (51.33 g) and higher grain yield (23.53 g) were produced by genotypes TD-1 (15.02 cm) and Benazir (14.49 cm). Genotype Imdad-2005 was most promising for grains spike (86.03), and seed index was higher in TD-1 (51.33 g), Benazir (48.97 g) and V-11005 (48.53 g). It is concluded that genotype TD-1 significantly exceeded in grain yield plant (23.53 g) to other tested genotypes, followed by V-11005-Advance line (21.47 g) and 2011-Advance line (20.47 g); while lowest grain yield plant (18.26 g) was noted in genotype Anmol-91.


Introduction
Not only in Pakistan but throughout the worlds (Triticum aestvum L.) is consider as important crop.There are many species are being cultivated, among them in present two species are grown largely hexaploid bread wheat (genetic constitution AABBDD) and durum tetraploid wheat (AABB).In present majority the grown cultivars of pasta and bread wheats are produced through conventional plant breeding, employing the wide range of genetic variation within these species [1].
The crop of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is known as major food source crop in Pakistan due to this theme being a valuable staple food which invites the attention of growers, researchers and breeders for to increase the production level to fulfil the challenge of food due to the increasing in population day by day.Hence it is also very important to increase per unit yield by the development of stable and high yielding genotypes of wheat for different environments

Materials and methods
In order to evaluate the phenotypic correlation estimates in the wheat genotypes for yield and its related components, the whole experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2013-14 in a three Randomized Complete Block design replications at Southern Wheat Research Station, Tandojam.Experimental material was based on eight wheat genotypes named as Benazir, Imadad-2005, TD-1, Anmol-91, Hamal, SKD-II, 2011-Advance Line and V-11005 Advance Line, containing approved commercial varieties and also the varieties in pipeline.For the sowing drilling method was used and 20-20 cm distance was kept in between the plant and rows.In each replication of all genotypes five randomly selected plants were labelled.After the necessary data collection in field conditions, other furthermore observations were taken at the laboratory.The data were recorded on the following traits: Plant height (cm), Tillers per plant, Spike length (cm), Spikelets per Spike, Grains per spike, Seed Index (1000 grain weight in g) and Grain yield plant -1 (g).Whole collected data was analysed with the help of New Student Statistics Software SXW Package.Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was determined by [6] method.

Results
In this way to find out the relationship of morphological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).Present investigation was performed in the season of Rabi from 2013 to 2014.The average square mean was observed by the analysis of variance among various traits like length of spikes, height of plant, spikelet's of spikes a are presented in (Table 1).While the results of average square mean traits like index of seed, spikes of grain and plant-1 yield are described in (Table 2).The production of different genotypes of wheat such as length of spikes, plant tillers; spikes of spikelet's and height of plant are described in (Table 3).While the results of various traits including index of seed, spike of grains and plant-1 yield grains are shown in (Table 4).The yield of grain average square mean of the wheat crop and linked sharing traits of various genotypes presented in (Table 1 & 2) showed that each genotype were observed significant (P≤0.05)different from each other in case of their yield and growth traits like length of spikes, grains of spikes, plant-1 tillers, index of seed, height of plant, plant-1 yield grain and spikelet's spikes.In these traits significant difference was observed in yield and growth traits of various wheat genotypes which may be related with parent's genetic material.
[7-9].The value of components having negative sign is accepted as zero for to prevent the unwanted reduction of the phonotypical variance at the prediction of genetic degree.So, the first priority is given to the heritability [10].Eight wheat genotypes were evaluated which included Benazir, Imadad-2005, TD-1, Anmol-91, Hamal, SKD-II, 2011-Advance Line and V-11005 Advance Line.The study showed that genotype Anmol-91 surpassed rest of genotypes with maximum plant height (94.53 cm), and V-11005 Advance line surpassed in tillering capacity (15.00) and spikelets spike -1 (23.00), while longer spikes were produced by genotypes TD-1 (15.02 cm) and Benazir (14.49cm).Genotype Imdad-2005 was most promising for grains spike -1 (86.03), and seed index was higher in TD-1 (51.33 g), Benazir (48.97 g) and V-11005 (48.53 g).Genotype TD-1 significantly exceeded in grain yield plant -1 (23.53 g) to other tested genotypes, followed by V-11005-Advance line (21.47 g) and 2011-Advance line (20.47 g); while the lowest grain yield plant -1 (18.26 g) was obtained in genotype Anmol-91.These results further more supported by [2, 3, 11], who find out that the different genotypes are highly significant for all the traits such as spikelets per spike, plant height, grains per plant, grain weight per spike, 1000grain weight and spike length grain yield.Similarly [12] find out that huge number of tillers and grain yield are two major yield contributing factors in the selection of high yielding varieties of wheat.[13], showed that spike weight plant -1 is an important variable which contributes to the wheat grain yield variation, whereas, grain weight spike -1 and the genotypes which are used in this study are significantly varied due to their genotypic performance.The association among the spike of grain and yield of grain was observed highly significant.Same findings were bowered by [14-17].The mention traits were observed direct positive influence on the yield of grain.Another statement reported by [18,19].The direct influence may be similar as the association showed positive effect of genotypes; due to this the procedure of direct selection of these traits is suggested to found higher production.The association among the 1000 grain yield weight was found non-significant and negative, which is against the findings of [20].The variation among the findings of may be due to different genotypes under the observation and environmental conditions.The direct influence of weight of 1000 grain on the production was also found negatively and non-significant, these findings are accordance with the findings of [2, 19].

Conclusion
It is concluded that genotype TD-1 significantly exceeded in grain yield plant -1 (23.53 g) to other tested genotypes, followed by V-11005-Advance line (21.47 g) and 2011-Advance line (20.47 g); while lowest grain yield plant -1 (18.26 g) was noted in genotype Anmol-91.

Authors' contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: AA Rajper & SK Baloch, Performed the experiments: AJ Chandio, R Anjum & K

Table 1 . Mean square by analysis of variance of Height of plant, Tillers Plant-1, Spike length, Spikes of Spikelet's Source of variation
** Probability level of significant was 1%

Table 2 . The mean square of analysis of variance of number of tillers plant-1, grains spikes and seed index Source of variation
** = Significant at 1% probability level