Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield and yield attributes of wheat variety Ujala-2015 under irrigated conditions of Balochistan

The study objective was to check the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on wheat variety Ujala-2015 yield and yield attributes under irrigated conditions of Naseerabad and Jaffarabad Districts. The experiment was consist of four treatments i.e. T1-Farmer own practices of fertilizer N:P 90:60 kgha, T2-Biofertilizer+N:P 45:22.5 kgha, T3Humic acid+N:P:P 45:22.5 kgha and T4Balance nutrient management N:P 60:30 kgha. Two years pooled data indicated that the application of Biofertilizer in combination with N-45 kgha P-22.5 kgha enhanced 3.4% to21.5% grain yield and 2.5% to 22.3% fresh biomass yield as compared to the treatment-1(Farmer own practices of fertilizer N: P 90:60 kgha). Biofertilizer+half NP dose is a beneficial product that contains many elements which improved the soil fertility and increase the availability of macro and micro nutrient elements.Treatment-2 significantly uptake of various macro and micronutrients such as N, P, K, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and B contents of wheat tissue. Also, soil characteristics of Naseerabad and Jaffarabad districts were evaluated overall soil physicochemical, macro and micronutrients i.e., pH, EC, lime contain%, O.M, N, P, K, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and B were increased with Biofertilizer+half NP application. Biofertilizer+N:P 45:22.5 kgha> Humic acid+N:P: P 45:22.5 kgha > Balance Nutrient Management N:P 60:30 kgha >.


Introduction
Wheat is the staple food of the people. Pakistan ranks 10 th among the wheat-producing countries of the world with an average per annum yield of 22 million tons. The wheat cultivated area in Balochistan 0.34 million hectares with 0.663 m tons production which average 1,946 kgha -1 . The wheat cultivation of province has 4.1% area with a 3.4% production of the country. Balochistan province produces 60% of its requirement, while the lack met regarding imports from than other provinces. There has been substantial reduction in yield because of late sowing of crop, unavailability of improved seed quality, excess use of fertilizer input and not uses of Biofertilizer, improper practices, lack of rainfall during first stage of the crop and warm temperature at the time of grains formation. The climate of is extremely hot and highly humid in summer, particularly in the area adjacent to the Pat Feeder Canal, where rice cultivation takes place. The rainy season is mostly in the months of July and August. Naseerabad and Jaffarabad have largest canal irrigated land also major wheat producing districts of Balochistan. Under what cultivation area in the 0.311 m ha are canal irrigated and rainfed 0.30 m ha. The crop can be augmented without carrying more area under cultivation. Particularly, Balance use of fertilizer and Biofertilizers with combination of NP application for wheat production. Biofertilizer is well-defined as a substantial which holds living organisms that when applied to seed, plant surface, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the inside of plant and stimulate growth by increasing amount or accessibility of primary nutrients to the host plant [1]. Biofertilizers  These variances in response are recommended to be an effect of the productive level of the soil and fertilizer application. Wheat, and in specific irrigated wheat, is grown on the most fertile soils and obtains mineral fertilizers. On the conflicting, rainfed barley is full-grown on the most marginal soils with low inherent fertility; this opinion is supported by other researchers [7]. Suitable biotechnological approaches could be used to improve crop productivity in salt affected areas [8,9]. Moreover, salt-tolerant microorganisms may improve soil fertility through decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling, by fixation of atmospheric nitrogen or through production of growth hormones [10][11][12][13]. Recently, emphasis is also given on the application of traitspecific microbial inoculants that can be used for detoxification of toxicants [14,15], disease suppression of pathogenic organisms [12] and stress tolerance in plants [ [16][17][18] found that eight Pseudomonas spp. strains (out of 25 isolated strains) having highest level of salt tolerance, exhibited ACC deaminize activity and also showed several growth-promoting characteristics. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of Azospirillum biofertilizer with the combinations of Inorganic fertilizers on wheat variety Ujala-2015 yield under the irrigated areas (Naseerabad and Jaffarabad) locations of Balochistan.

Materials and methods
Field experiments were carried out during the Rabi season of 215-16 and 216-17 at the farmers' fields of irrigated areas of Naseerabad and Jaffarabad Districts of Balochistan, to check the effect of Organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) variety Ujala-2015. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications and the experiment was consist of four main treatments i.e. T1-Farmer own practices of fertilizer N:P 90:60 kgha -1 , T2-Biofertilizer+ N:P 45:22.5 kgha -1 , T3-Humic acid+N:P:P 45:22.5 kgha -1 and T4-Balance Nutrient Management N:P 60:30 kgha -1 . Each treatment plot size was kept 250m 2 and total plot size was one acre (4000m 2 ) in each experimental location. The crop was sown on 7 th and 9 th November 2015 and 2016. The seed @100 kgha -1 and Broadcast sowing method was applied. Seeds were treated with calculated quantities of biofertilizer (A1-Q) provided by National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad and also seed was treated with Humic acid @ 0.5 kgha -1 at the sowing time. Nitrogen and phosphorus were applied at the time of sowing in the form of urea and Di Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) was applied. The soil was collected form Jaffarabad and Naseerabad to investigate the nature, extent, and severity of nutrient disorders from both districts of Balochistan, the soil survey of research study sites was conducted and selected four farmers field at each district. Soil and plant sampling of each site was collected the plant tissue samples randomly selected farmer field of each district. Processed and analyzed plant samples for N, P, K, and B, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, was carried out by the standard method. Soil sampling collected from the depth of (0-15 and 15-30 cm). Soil samples were processed & analyzed for physicochemical properties, macro and micro nutrients. Soil pH (alkalinity and basicity) and electrical conductivity (EC) soluble ions were determined in a 1:2 soil-water extract using pH and EC meter, respectively. Soil texture was determined by the hydrometer method [19], soil organic carbon by Walkley-Black method and corrected to organic matter by Vant Hoof's factor (1.724) [20], lime analysis by acid neutralization method [21]. Available P was determined by the Olsen NaHCO3 extraction [22] followed by colour development using ascorbic acid method as described by [23]. Exchangeable K was determined by extraction with 1 N NH4OAC (CH3COONH4) followed by subjecting the extract on an emission flame photometer as described by [24]. The extractable micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) were determined by (AB-DTPA) method [25] and the extracts were subjected to atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS).

Plant height (cm)
The result indicated significant effect of Bio-fertilizers+N:P 45:22.5 kgha -1 on growth of plant height of wheat (Table 5). Combined application of Bio-fertilizers produced broad increase in plant height overall the treatments at all locations during both years. The highest (112cm) plant height was received from the treatment-2 from Naseerabad location-2 followed by treatment-3 which gave (101cm) plant height from the Naseerabad location-2 whereas the minimum (95cm) plant height was recorded from the treatment-4 from Jaffarabad location-1 followed by the treatment-1 which gave (87cm) plant height from Naseerabad location-2) respectively. From the above results it maybe stated that the combined use of bio-fertilizers is useful in improving the plant height growth of wheat. Corroborative findings have been reported by [28] for wheat grown under irrigation and fertility variables.

Number of tillers/m 2
The data revealed that through the Biofertilizer+N:P 45:22.5 kgha -1 applications showed to increase number of tillers/m 2 at all locations, the results were significant in (Table 6). The highest (457) number of tillers/m 2 was received from the treatment-2 from Jaffarabad location-2 followed by treatment-3 which produced (418) number of tillers/m 2 from same location-2 while the minimum (355) number of tillers/m 2 was gave by the treatment-4 from Naseerabad location-2 followed by the treatment-1 which received (335) number of tillers/m 2 from same location-2) correspondingly. The similar kind of study was carried out by [29] who described that a treatment getting Phosphorous+ Azotobacter enhanced number of tillers/m 2 of wheat crop.

Conclusion
The main impacts of biofertilizer application to agricultural soils can be summarized as it is useful soil reclamation by improving soil organic matter content, soil structure and increase crop production.
Crop yields responded will be depending on the type of biofertilizer and with combination of inorganic fertilizers. Application of biofertilizer with N:P 75 kgha -1 significantly increased the growth and yield of wheat crop and decreasing the soil pH in the saline soil. In both Districts the treatment-1 (Biofertilizer and 75% of treatment-2 fertilizers application) performed better than other treatments. The treatment-1 (Biofertilizer and 75% of treatment-2 fertilizers application) produced 07% to 12% more wheat grain yield than other treatments. Therefore, it is concluded that the minimum use of chemical fertilizers, promote the use of biofertilizer with combination of N: P fertilizers (chemical) as the result improving soil structure and enhanced over all yield of the crop.