Taxonomic study of freshwater Green Algae in relation to water quality of Tehsil Landikotal, Khyber Agency, Pakistan

The quality of water bodies determines the algal diversity in the specific region, Tehsil Landikotal the primary seepage bowl of stream Kabul is broadly known for ripe land, the range of mountains, natural water stream and for, it's biological resource. Current research work is the result show the record of green algae diversity in the local area. Sum 33 species of green algae (Class Chlorophyceae) belonging to 11 orders, 17 families and 28 genera have been identified from freshwater bodies of 6 major areas of Tehsil Landi Kotal Khyber Agency, Pakistan. Among the identified 41 species, the most prevalent genera were Cosmarium with 5 species (12.5%) followed by Ulothrix with 3 species (8%). Among the other genera, Oedogonium is represented by 2 species, Microspora 2 species, Tetraspora 2 species, Gleocystis 2 species, Tetraedron 2 species, and Pedistrum 2 species representing (5%) each. The differing qualities of green algae in the present zone demonstrate that a considerable measure of work is required with respect to green algae and normal for their territory.


Introduction
Khyber Agency is a Federally Administered Tribal Area of Pakistan.Which is located in the north of Pakistan.It has a border with Afghanistan, Peshawar city, Kurram, and Orakzai Agencies.The entire area of the Khyber Agency is 2,576 Sq Km.The Khyber Agency consists of three Tehsils, LandiKotal, Jamrud, and Bara.LandiKotal is located at 34°6'4N 71°8'44E and lies on the Khyber Pass in the Khyber Agency at 1,072 metres above sea level, it is the headquarters of the Agency administration of Khyber and it is on the way across the mountains to the city of Peshawar LandiKotal Tehsil consist four major territories Tirah, Khyber, LandiKotal, and Shalmans, The Shalmans include Loy Shalman and Kam Shalman [1].The famous River Kabul is 700 kilometer long river that emerges in the Sanglakh range of the Hindukush mountain in Afghanistan and run through these mountains enter to Loy Shalman area of Landikotal Khyber Agency which flow further and join the river Indus Attock Pakistan, beside this there are natural stream and water channel which is originated from different mountains such Ghar water stream in Ali Masjid, natural stream of Landi Khana Torkham, some natural water channel among the mountain of Muktarkhel, Ashkel, Perokhel and Kam Shalman which flow throughout year are the natural reservoir of water.LandiKotal has a barren and rocky mountainous landscape.The area mostly consists of hilly tracks, mountains and narrow strips of valleys.It is the meeting place of high ranges of the mountain such as the Koh-e-Safaid, and outcome of the mighty Hindukush Mountains.The smaller part consists of the plain area which mainly consists of loamy sand and loamy clay soil texture.The area is entirely fertile and can produce good crops, but due to suffering fall, some fall some of its areas is barren, some areas of the cultivation are rainfalls (Barani in Urdu) and under the good condition of weather and plenty, rainfall gives very good yield to the growth of wheat, maize, and vegetable.A small part of this area is plain and fertile where a variety of fruit plants are grown-up by local people for their own use, many different fruits also grown-up by people for their making money [1, 2].Green algae are monoecious, gathering of life form having no sterile cells around their sex organs and are not genuine embryophyte [3].Green growth is the essential makers in any normal and amphibian environment [4].Yet, on the opposite side, they are poisonous weeds too in specific circumstances.For instance, in dormant or moderate moving waters or in the water bodies with more supplements compost, keep running off and with wastewater release and mechanical effluents, green growth develops quickly to cause water sprouts.They cause the demise of the widely varied vegetation happening in the pervaded water bodies.Green growth is generally in their events that are available practically in each soggy environment, including soil consistently [4].The water bodies going through the city and huge towns are especially inclined to the overwhelming impacts of eutrophication because of the huge expansion of supplements as sewage waters.The types of green growth causing water sprout must be recognized and brought up for maintaining a strategic distance from the lethal impact of water blossom on the gainful fauna of the water body.Many reviews have recognized green growth from an assortment of soils and new water environments [5].More than 500 genera and 8000 types of green growth are found and substantial numbers are yet to be found.Spirogyra is outstanding green growth and has adjusted chloroplast.Some green growth is duplicating abiogenetically and also sexually.Green growth has a rotation of era in which gametophyte deliver sporophyte and the other way around [6].

Materials and Methods
The research mainly concerned with a taxonomy of green algae including their identification, classification, and distribution from a different place of Tehsil Landikotal, Khyber Agency.Total 6 selected places of Tehsil LandiKotal is selected for the current research.It includes Loy Shalman Yakha Cheena, Ashkhel, Mukhterkhel, Kam Shalman, Torkham Landikhana and Ali Masjid shown in (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Represents the map of study area
Samples of algae were collected from research area.The collection was simply hand-picking from different freshwater reservoir such is standing, running water.The PH of water and the air temperature was recorded on the spot.The algae water sample brought to the laboratory in a plastic bottle and were assorted in 4% formalin solution in specimen tubes for preservation.Slides were made each simple.The drop of each sample was put out with help of micropipette from bottle put the drop on the slide and covered with slip.Identification was made using objective 10 x , 20 x, 40 x under microscope BH-2 Olympus made by Japan Usually we used 10 x , 20 x eyes piece, the eyepiece was fixed with a lined ocular micrometer.The identification of species was made with the help of existing literature

Conclusions
Study and research on green algae in the water bodies of Landi Kotal Peshawar is the most overlooked territory of amphibian herbal science.In spite of the fact that Peshawar has numerous waterways, lakes and other crisp water bodies where green growth exists in plenitude.This review explored the green growth of Landi Kotal territory of District Peshawar and found an aggregate of Sum 33 species of green algae (Class Chlorophyceae) belonging to 11 orders, 17 families and 28 genera have been identified from freshwater bodies of 6 major areas of Tehsil Landi Kotal Khyber Agency, Pakistan.Among the identified 41 species, the most prevalent genera were Cosmarium with 5 species (12.5%) followed by Ulothrix with 3 species (8%).Among the other genera,Oedogonium is represented by 2 species, Microspora 2 species, Tetraspora 2 species, Gleocystis 2 species, Tetraedron 2 species and Pedistrum 2 species representing (5%) each.The differences of green algae in the present region demonstrate that a great deal of work is required with respect to green algae and normal for their living space.Thus further reviews are proposed to be attempted in such manner.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Algal diversity of different site of tehsil LandiKotal