Diversity and ecological characteristics of plants at Sardara banda , village Ikram pur ( Baizo kharki ) district Mardan , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ( Pakistan )

Floral diversity at Ikram pur (Baizo kharki) district Mardan comprised a total of 68 plant species belonging to 63 genera and 34 families. The leading families were Poaceae and Asteraceae having 06 species each (8.82%), Lamiaceae with 05 species (7.35%), followed by Solanaceae and Moraceae having 04 species each (5.88%), Mimosaceae and Apocynaceae having 3 species each (4.41%) while Asclepiadaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Brassicaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Rhamnaceae, Malvaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Papilionaceae and Myrtaceae having 2 species each (2.94%). Rest of 17 families shared 01 species each (1.47%). The dominant life form was therophyte with 20 species (29.41%), followed by nanophanerophyte having 16 species (23.52%), microphanerophyte was represented by 13 species (19.11%), hemicryptophyte 9 species (13.23%), geophytes 6 species (8.82%) and chamaephytes 4 species (5.88%). Dominant leaf size was nanophylls with 36 species (52.94%), followed by microphylls 12 species (17.64%), leptophylls 8 species (11.76%), mesophylls 6 species (8.82%), megaphylls 4 species (5.88%) and aphyllous by 2 species (2.94%). Fifty five plant species (80.88%) were of dry habitate, followed by 8 species (11.76%) in wet and 6 species (8.82%) both dry and wet habitats. In the 68 plants species, 57 were non-spiny and 11 spiny.


Introduction Area introduction (Ikram Pur) Location
Ikram Pur is also represented with the name Baizo Kharki.Ikram Pur situated in 34°.4966736 latitude and 72°.0109411 to the longitude.It is located in north east belt of the Mardan.On its boundary Malakand Agency is located.Maximum rain occurred during "July and August".

Collection and identification
Survey was carried out in many spells, which was arranged in different seasons from the village for the purpose to collect the plant materials.After collection local and botanical name, family name, seasonal availability, habit, habitat, life form, leaf size, and Spinacious characters of plant species were recorded.

Preservation of plants
After collection and identification plant materials was appropriately pressed, dry out and well-kept rendering the standard method.Old newspapers were used along with naphthalene to protect from the fungal attack.Plants were accurately fixed on herbarium sheets and submitted to herbarium of Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan for further record.

Flora
The flora of the Ikram pur areas are rich.The most common trees in the area are Acasia modesta, Acasia nilotica, Morus alba, Morus nigra, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Populus indica, Ziziphus jujuba, Malia azedarach and Dalbergia sissoo.Shrubs are Dodonia viscose, Datura alba, Justicia adhatoda, and the most common herbs are Cynodon dactylon, Cymbopogon distans, Fumaria indica, Boerhavia diffusa, Cyperus rotundus, Chenopodium album, Tribulus terrestris and Chenopodium murale etc. Introduction floristic diversity Information concerning with floristic composition of a region is perquisite for any region.Flora composition reflects the variety of plants in a area which has been affected by many factors like overgrazing, soil composition, plant cutting.Plants of an area give a detailed account for the environmental conditions of the specific area [1].Floral record gives us a lot of information about the area like the relation of indigenous to the plant [2].Ecologists at all times effort to know the variance in types of variety along with environmental change like altitudinal slope in mountainous biomes [1, 3].For understanding the relationship of living and non-living component in a ecosystem need to study the diversity of an area [4].Flora oftenly the source for botanical information about a specific area for a proper studies [5].Categorization of natural ecosystems into possible plant communities and habitat types is important for the long term managing of natural resources [6].The coastal plants develop morphological, physiological and metabolic character not only to grow but also complete their life cycle under salt stressed condition [7, 8].
Life form: Therophyte = TH, Hemicryptophyte = H, Chamaephytes = CH, Nanophenerophyte = NP, Geophytes =G, Microphanerophyte = MP Leaf size: Nanophyll = N, Leptophyll = L, Microphyll = MIC, Mesophyll = M, Megaphyll = MEP, Aphyllous = AP, Habitat: Dry = D, Wet = W Habit: Herbs = H, Shrubs = SB, Trees = T Conclusions Species diversity and genetic diversity enhance largely biodiversity of an ecosystem.The study area is floristically rich which intrinsically determine the human role both as aesthetic and utilitarian component in maintaining and creating biodiversity.Authors' contributions Conceived and designed the experiments: S Ali & S Ullah, Performed the experiments: M Ali & S Ali, Analyzed the data Identification of Plants: WM Khan, I Ahmad

9]. [10-12] also
[13]rved that these families were leading in their individual study areas.From some other part of Pakistan the same study was noted[13].

22-26], which
is in conformity to our work.