Impacts of climatic condition on different Brassica genotypes growth and productivities

During 2015 to compare the yield performance of seven Brassica genotypes under the Agro– climatic condition of Quetta were studied. The treatments was consist of V1 (Hyola-401), V2 (BARD – 1), V3 (Raya Anmol), V4 (CON II), V5 (Sarhein 95), V6 (19 – H) and V7 (Canola Raya). Between all the seven examined varieties of Brassica genotypes the CON II and BARD– 1 gave greatest seed yield (898kg ha) and (889.33 kg ha) respectively, with better yield components like biological yield, plant height and one thousand seeds weight as contrasted to other varieties. It is accomplished that CON II and BARD–1Brassica genotypes executed good and attained greatest productivities with excellent quality under agro climatic condition of Quetta.


Introduction
Due to high population growth in Pakistan the requirement for food is rising and it is putting a great stress on agriculture sector [1].In view of rising population and increased standard of live in 21 century, the demands of edible oil have been increased.Researchers are trying level best to find ways to produce quality edible oil with increased yield.Majority population of Pakistan is directly or indirectly dependent on Agriculture sector.In Pakistan, there is still lack of extremely significant human diet elements such as eat able oil in spite of some development in agriculture field like independency in foodstuff together with wheat and cotton particularly.About 223 thousand acres are currently under cultivation with 136 thousand tons oilseed of total production.As compared to the developed countries of the world Pakistan's 52 thousand tons of oil production that is much less [2].Due to the competition with other crops the productivity of Brassica in not increasing in Pakistan.Sarwar et al. [3] stated that a few efforts could be put forth to increase production in the course of vertical expansion.Vertical expansion could increase planting improved, or hybrids varieties.Canola belonging to the Brassica family is highly popular among formers in Pakistan and in the world that is considered one of the important sources of eatable oil.Brassica oil is also an important ingredient in the field of bio-diesel.Owning better contents of protein and fewer fibers, the leaves and stems of canola provide high quality forage matter, in addition to oil production [4,5].Brassica napus L. (Canola) has a specific type of rapeseed connected with great quality meal and oil.Its meal has less than 30 µg of glucosinolate and fewer than 2% erucic acid.Canola holds 36-40% protein contents and 40-45% oil contents [6].Canola oil and meal are now considered very important sources as alternatives to soya bean oil and meal [6, 7].There are a number of factors that could be explored related to the feeding of 200 million people of Pakistan and boosting the local cooking oil industry.Blum [8] stated that the use of hybrids/improved cultivars is one the most important factor with great production potential and vigor may improve the yield of the crop.Due to high oil contents and yield the Canola crop has the potential to a bridge the gap between local production and consumption.Canola crop requires the same land and water as required by the rapeseed/mustard oilseed crops.Therefore, it may not be difficult for farmers to adapt and manage cultivation practices of canola crop.In Pakistan after cotton seed oil the mustard and rapeseed is second predictable oil producing crops.The good management and improved varieties are vital tools for great development in several states of the world.For achieving higher yields, in addition to many other factors responsible the genotypes of great yield potential and a broad choice of flexibility in different climatic circumstances is necessary means for improving yield in particular area and at the end increasing the total productivity.In present days, several kinds of Canola has been introduced and cultured but productivity potentials have not been still investigated in Pakistan.The assortment of appropriated variety always plays a vital role in getting high yield of a crop [9].Younesi and Moradi [10] stated that ecological pressure like control of water throughout growth and development of vegetation is able to have an effect on seed superiority and number of seed.Some physiological and agronomic parameters such as plant height, pod length, number of seed per pod, number of pods per plant, 1000 seed weight, index of leaf area, growth rate of crop, leaf area index and whole dehydrated stuff showed certain variations in various canola cultivars.As compared to Brassica napus the Brassica juncea produced significant higher yield and yield components.Iqbal et al .[11] indicated that Brassica napus showed minimum contents of glucosinolates and erucic acid as compared to Brassica juncea in seed oil.Cheema et al. [12] deliberated the relative productivity and growth rate performance of six Brassica varieties and they indicated considerably variation between the number of branches plant -1 , number of pods plant -1, plant height, seed yield kg ha -1 , 1000 seed weight, and harvest index and nonsignificant difference were observed in number of seeds pod -1 .Abbasian and Shirani Rad [13] reported that as compared to water stress the time of occurrence and climatic condition is more important for quality and production of any crop.Inayt et al. [14] evaluated the rapeseed genotypes for total yield and oil quality under rain fed condition of district Mansehra.They showed 596 significant differences in number of seeds per pod, per plant number of pods, weight of one 1000 seeds, inflorescence length, pedicle length, and length of pod, plant height, per plant total yield, yield kg ha -1 and oil % among the genotypes.Cheema et al.
[15] investigated a range of Canola cultivars under Agroecological condition of Faisalabad and noticed a significant variations among the varieties in total dry matters accumulation, crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index, yield and yield components.The main objective of this investigation was to evaluate the productivity potential and Quality of various Brassica genotypes under sami-arid climatic condition of Quetta Balochistan, Pakistan.

Materials and methods
During spring 2015 a comparative study was conducted at agriculture institute for research Sariab Quetta for the total yield productivity of seven selected varieties of Brassica.Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was applied for the experiment performance with three replications by using net plot size of 5m x 8m.The treatments were included V1 (Hyola-401), V2 (BARD -1), V3 (Raya Anmol), V4 (CON II), V5 (Sarhein -95), V6 (19 -H) and V7 (Canola Raya).By the using of 5 kg ha -1 seed with spacing of 45 cm rows were sown on 10 th march 2015 in well prepared seed bed with the help of one row hand drill.In the form of triplesuperphosphate and urea the Phosphorus and Nitrogen fertilizers were used at the rate of 60 kg P ha -1 and 90kg N ha -1 , respectively.All the Phosphorus and 1/3 of Nitrogen were applied as a basal quantity.The left over 2/3 Nitrogen was put into practice in two equivalent divisions (1/2 at first irrigation and ½ at developing stage).During entire period of growth the crop was irrigated three times.After sowing of the 30 days the first irrigation was done, second at the flowering and third at the start of seed development.After one month for maintaining the space of 10 cm with in the plants the thinning was done twice.For protecting the field from weeds the two hoeing was given.Insecticides were applied to control the aphids.All the treatment was kept normal and uniforms under all the agronomic practices.Ten plants were selected randomly from each plot for the measurement of height of plant, per plant number of pods, per pod number of seeds, weight of one 1000 seeds, biological productivity kg ha -1 , total yield kg ha -1 and index % of harvest.From each treatment the total yield were documented by means of randomly chosen 3m x 3m crop.The pods number was noted on the average of 10 plants as of every behavior.The recorded results were analyzed statistically as mean values of three replications and data was also analyzed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) by using the methods described by Gomez & Gomez [16].Among the means the significance of difference was compared by using Least Significant Difference (LSD) Test [17].

Recorded observations Plant height (cm)
Plant height (cm) was measured with the help of measuring tape.It was measured from each replication of 10 randomly selected plants from base to tip of the plant.

Per plant number of pods
From ten randomly selected plants number of pods was counted and then average was calculated for number of pods per plant.

Number of seed pod -1
Number of seed per pod was determined by counting seeds from 10 randomly selected pods from each replication and then average number of seeds per pod was considered.Weight of 1000 seed (g) 1000 seed weight was determined by weighting 1000 seeds from each replication and the average weight in gram was calculated.

Biological yield Kg ha -1
For the determination Biological Yield kg ha -1 each plot was weighted at its maturation after harvesting and then average was considered for Biological yield kg ha -1 .

Seed yield kg ha -1
For seed yield kg ha -1 each plot was harvested at its maturation stage and seed yield were computed on per ha basis.

Plant height (cm)
Both the genetic and environmental factors are responsible for the plant height of a crop.The data illustrated in Table 1

Table 1 .Response of different Brassica genotypes under agro climatic condition of Quetta Balochistan, Pakistan Varieties Name Plantheight(cm) Number of pods plant -1 Number of seed pod -1
indicated that the variation in genotypes of Brassica is considerably affected in the form of plant height.Highest height of plant (99.43 cm) was noted in Brassica genotypeCON 11.

Total yield of seeds Kg ha -1
establish that seed yield have important optimistic association by number of pods and number of branches per plant in drought and different climatic conditions.Along with total yield components such as the number of pods per plant and number of seed per plant showed maximum pressure on total seed yield.Our outcome was alike to the conclusion of other researcher [21-23].ConclusionOn the behalf of the present investigation it was concluded that all the investigated parameters showed significant variation due to difference in Brassica genotypes and climatic conditions.Among all the examined varieties the Brassica genotype BARD -1 was out standing in Seed yield kg ha -1 and Biological yield kg ha -1 fallowed by CON II.Therefore the Brassica genotypes BARD -1 & CON-II are suggested for wide ranging forming and further use in breeding programs for Brassica under agro-ecological conditions of Quetta Balochistan, Pakistan.The Brassica genotype Canola Raya reported nominal amount of seed yield that is why it should be avoided for the farming in Quetta region.