The Research on Food Safety Regulatory System in Major Sports Events

This study proposed the optimal strategy and suggestion with the sense of realistic value, through the study on food safety incidents of major sports events, so as to provide the theory support for the sustainable and stable development of hosting the major sports events, which can drive the development of the other different types, different levels of sports events. With the rapid development of economy and the fast integration step of world trade, the problem of food security becomes the major problem of the global problems.


INTRODUCTION
Food safety incidents of sports events occurred frequently. According to the statical data from Ministry of Health, the food poisoning events are illustrated (Fig. 1). The scope of food security incident is wide. Only taking the occurrence of aquatic food safety incident as an example in 2006: On June, 2006, in Beijing, it was found out many serious pathogenic events of spicy crayfish events that had more damages to human bodies as well as the event of Pomacea canaliculata; On December, 2006, in Shanghai, it tested out that all of the thirty samples of turbots contained carcinogenic substance; at the end of December, 2006, "Food and Environmental Hygiene Department" of Hong Kong urged the public to temporarily halt mandarin fish; following the event of "Turbot" and event of "Mandarin fish", on December, 2006, the exposure of nine-belly fish in Yangjiang, Guangdong existed the problem of formaldehyde exceed the standard. Moreover, the number of people that are influenced by food safety events is large, the issue of food safety in recent years not only influenced a great deal of people but also showed a rising trend. In 2005, from the report of the Ministry of Health receiving that the national food poisoning events, the number of which was involved in 100 people within food poisoning was more than 18 events (Gao, 2009).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The formation of the food safety supervision system: Constructing a set of scientific and reasonable food safety supervision system is an important guarantee to realize the goal of food safety supervision. The author thought, a relatively complete food safety management system should include six elements: the regulatory objective, regulatory philosophy, the subject of Regulatory objective is aim of the regulatory system to achieve, specifically speaking, it is to protect the public health and safety; regulatory philosophy is the insisted core value for achieving regulatory objective, which is also the guiding ideology and basic belief that the subject of supervision department and personnel unremittingly insisted and obeyed in the supervision work (Sheila, 2003). It is the code of conduct for the subject of regulation to solve all kinds of contradictions and problems in the work, which determined their views and attitudes on treating the enterprises, consumers, media and the other stakeholders, moreover, the supervision philosophy depends on the regulatory objective. The subject of supervision refers to the government department that performs the regulatory functions, which can be one or more departments. From the practice of food safety supervision of all countries, generally it is involved in food regulation, health, agriculture and the quality inspection and some other functions; supervision theory is based on the system of supervising food safety regulation, namely, the public policies including the main regulatory enforcement of laws, regulations, standards and so on, when the subject of supervision obeyed the supervision functions; supervision mechanism is the operation mechanism of supervision function, which is the means and method in which the subject of supervision worked; the object of supervision is the object that the subject of supervision took the supervision theory as the premise and supervision mechanism played its function on, which mainly refers to the production process related to food, raw and auxiliary materials (OECD, 2007).
As it is shown in Fig. 2, food safety supervision system is a dynamic system. The basic logic relationship between the constituted elements within each system are: the subject of supervision firstly should identify and design supervision objective according to the changing environment; according to the supervision objective determine the supervision philosophy; so as to establish supervision theory, building up supervision mechanisms, acting on the objects of supervision; the degree of supervision objectives realized and the state of supervision object should be able to timely feedback to the supervision subject, so as to adjust and improve the supervision philosophy, theory and mechanism.
The function of food safety supervision system: Food safety supervision system is a political system that transformed the inputs into outputs. It inputs funds, talents, equipments, technologies and some other information resources that supervision required; it is the service that food safety supervision services outputs; while it is conversion that completed the process from the input to the output. The function of food safety supervision system function is mainly included: first of all, through the food safety supervision system, it can have seamless supervision on the food chain, which can ensure the food safety from soil to each links of the table to meet the requirements of the corresponding standards, so as to safeguard public health and safety; secondly, the food safety supervision system has the function with feedback. It can find that issues during the supervision process, such as the effect of the policies, regulatory loopholes, the public views and suggestions, etc. When feedback goes back to the subject of supervision, it can promote the supervision subject to modify and improve the supervision theory and operation mechanism; thirdly, the food safety supervision system can conduct self adjustment in certain conditions and better itself, even bring about new policies. The system itself can exchange information with the external environment, with the change of the internal and external environment, it can adjust its structures, functions, means and methods to make the adjustment. According to the principle of system analysis, the overall effect of food safety supervision system must be greater than the effect of each components. That is to say, the overall efficiency of food safety supervision system cannot depend on the function of a certain part alone (such as the supervision theory), it should pay attention to the integrity, structure, hierarchy and the correlation of the system, so as to ensure the coordination in quantity and quality between the various parts, realizing the maximum efficiency through the overall optimization of the system.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The current situation and existing problems of the supervision subject: Chinese supervision system of food safety is adopting the segment supervision mainly, supplemented by the mode of type supervision, the rights of supervision belongs to the food and drug administration, agriculture, health, quality inspection, industry and commerce, environmental protection and the other departments, forming the management of multi departments, as well as the managing pattern with different departments that are responsible for the different links (Peltzman, 1976). As for the function of the government and its departments, to ensure the food safety from farm to table, to shoulder the entire chain of each link with supervision is its main responsibility, but the pattern with multi management presents to our reality is the emergencies of food safety incidents in an endless stream. With careful analysis, so far, the current supervision subject of food safety in China mainly has following several aspects.

Firstly:
The supervision mode with compartmentalization, bull management, which is not beneficial for the full supervision of food. In real life, a lot of food safety incidents also exposed the disadvantages of this kind of supervision mode, the mode that one unit is responsible for a regulatory link cannot avoid the problems such as the responsibility is not clear, the management is overlapping and so on. For example, in the event of Fuyang powdered milk, it involves many departments from industry and commerce department, quality inspection department to food supervision and other departments, the relevant departments according to their own responsibilities and authorities that should have the right to manage and supervise the dairy industry, but it was also because of the multi sectoral management system that resulted in the division of powers and responsibilities with the unclear circumstances, which made it appear the contradictory overlapping responsibilities, on the other hand, it appeared a vacuum area with vague responsibilities. In this way, it not only caused the cost of supervision become huge, but also made the efficiency of management low.
Secondly: It is lack of a unified independent authoritative supervision organization. The State Food and drug administration undertakes the functions of comprehensive supervision, organization and coordination and investigation and handling with the major food safety accident. But according to Chinese current situation, the State Food and drug administration as a vice ministerial level unit, it is very difficult for it to effectively coordinate the other units with ministerial level. After the institutional reform of the State Council in 2008, the Ministry of health undertook the important function with comprehensive coordination, supervision and inspection. However, on one hand, the Ministry of health is responsible for the supervision on the primary agricultural production, on the other hand, it must carry on the supervision and coordination of the entire links of food safety supervision, which includes the mode of self supervision and self management, bringing great challenges to establish the authority of the supervision.
Thirdly: The daily supervision on food security also exists the absent problem and inadequate problem. Under the current system, with Chinese food safety regulators in the normal enforcement, who is responsible for the enforcement who charged for the identified fee, the design of this system seriously hurts the enthusiasm of the various departments to perform their duties in a positive way, it also makes the counterfeiters become more and more rampant. The regulatory organizations set in western developed countries and regions tend to be single power sector that can exercise regulatory functions more independently. While the form of the law enforcement is conducted by the multi sectors in China is difficult to overcome the problem of overlapping functions. Foods have to go through multiple links from the field to the table, including breeding, cultivation, processing, packaging, sales and so on, which is also involved in many regulatory authorities. Among this kind of segment supervision laboring system, if any link has problem, it will have a great influence on the supervision of the whole industry.

CONCLUSION
We must earnestly analyze the existing problems of Chinese food safety supervision system, based on the reference of the foreign advanced mode of food safety and technical means, trying to develop and improve Chinese food safety supervision system and perfect the laws and regulations of the food safety, strengthening the scientific standard system as well as the testing system, fully playing the role of the industry association and other intermediary roles, increasing the consumes' self-protection awareness and so on (Caswell et al., 2011). We should combine with Chinese specific conditions to establish the supervision system of food safety with Chinese characteristics, so as to strengthen the supervision on food safety in China and keep up with the international standards as soon as possible.