The systematic position of the genus Megaspora formerly included in the Hymeneliaceae (Lecanorales) is reevaluated. Since the genus shares a number of characters with the Pertusariaceae including the hemiangiocarpous ascoma development, zeorine apothecia with a cupulate excipulum and branched paraphysoids forming the epithecium. It is placed within the order Pertusariales rather than the Lecanorales. Since some differences occur between Megaspora and the Pertusariaceae, namely the presence of pale amyloid asci and the absence of a “chambre oculaire” (in Megaspora), it is proposed to place the genus in the Megasporaceae Lumbsch fam. nov.