Results of morphological and anatomical studies of the sporophytes of Takakia ceratophylla are presented based on Chinese plants. Taxonomic relationship of Takakia is discussed. Takakia ceratophylla has a unique capsule-wall thickening which functionally causes the incurve of valves. There is a regular spiral line of dehiscence on the capsule which is derived from two rows of epidermal cells less incrassate at maturity and also on the green capsule. Spiral twisting of the capsule and seta seems to be useful for more efficient spore dispersal. In several features the sporophytes of Chinese populations of this species are larger than those of the Aleutians.