Legume Research

  • Chief EditorJ. S. Sandhu

  • Print ISSN 0250-5371

  • Online ISSN 0976-0571

  • NAAS Rating 6.80

  • SJR 0.391

  • Impact Factor 0.8 (2023)

Frequency :
Monthly (January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December)
Indexing Services :
BIOSIS Preview, ISI Citation Index, Biological Abstracts, Elsevier (Scopus and Embase), AGRICOLA, Google Scholar, CrossRef, CAB Abstracting Journals, Chemical Abstracts, Indian Science Abstracts, EBSCO Indexing Services, Index Copernicus
Legume Research, volume 41 issue 4 (august 2018) : 563-571

Response of sowing dates and bio regulators on yield of clusterbean under current climate in alley cropping system in eastern U.P., India

Hemraj Meena, Ram Swaroop Meena, Rattan Lal, Gulab Singh Yadav, Tarik Mitran, Jayanta Layek, Somanagouda B. Patil, Sandeep Kumar, Tarun Verma
1Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
  • Submitted27-07-2016|

  • Accepted26-06-2017|

  • First Online 15-02-2018|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-3759

Cite article:- Meena Hemraj, Meena Swaroop Ram, Lal Rattan, Yadav Singh Gulab, Mitran Tarik, Layek Jayanta, Patil B. Somanagouda, Kumar Sandeep, Verma Tarun (2018). Response of sowing dates and bio regulators on yield of clusterbean under current climate in alley cropping system in eastern U.P., India. Legume Research. 41(4): 563-571. doi: 10.18805/LR-3759.
The impacts on yields of cluster bean were assessed for normal (15 July) and late (30 July) sowing environments and foliar spray of thiourea (500, 1000 ppm) and salicylic acid (50, 100 ppm) at 45 and 60 days after sowing (DAS).Significantly higher yield parameters, yield, economics, protein content and nutrient uptake were recorded with foliar spray of thiourea at 500 ppm as compared to all other bio regulator sprays. Similarly, spray of salicylic acid at 100 ppm enhanced yield and other growth parameters which were statistically at par with those for thiourea 500 ppm foliar spray at 45 and 60 DAS. The data show that the foliar application of bio regulators at normal sowing date enhances seed yield of clusterbean by improving the physiological processes. The interaction effects were significant between the sowing date and bio-regulators on the seed yield. The highest seed yield of 993 and 845 kg/ha was obtained with foliar spray of thiourea at 500 ppm in normal and late sowing, respectively, while the lowest yield  of 775 and 769 kg/ha was obtained for the  water spray control in normal and  late sowing, respectively.
  1. AOAC, (1960) Official methods of analysis. 18th Edition. Association of Official Agriculture Chemists, Washington.
  2. ASTM, (2000) Standard test methods for moisture, ash, and organic matter of peat and other organic soils. Method D 2974-00. American Society for Testing and Materials. West Conshohocken, PA 
  3. Atta-Aly, M.A., Brecht, J.K. and Huber, D.J. (2000) Ripening of tomato loculegel tissue in response to ethylene. Postharvest Bio. and Tech 19(3): 239 – 244.
  4. Ayaz, S., McKenzie, B.A., Hill, G.D. and McNeil DL. (2004) Variability in yield of four grain legume species in a subhumid temperate environment. II. Yield components. J. Agric. Sci 142:21–28.
  5. Burman, U., Garg, B.K., and Kathju, S. (2004) Interactive effects of thiourea and phosphorus on clusterbean under water stress. Biol. Plant 486165
  6. Christensen, J.H. and Christensen, O.B. (2007) A summary of the PRUDENCE model projections of changes in European climate by the end of this century. Climate Chan 81:7–30 10.1007/s10584-006-9210-7.
  7. Dadhich, R.K. and Meena, R.S. (2014) Performance of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in response to foliar spray of thiourea and thioglycollic acid under different irrigation levels. Indian J. of Ecol. 41(2): 376-378.
  8. Dadhich, R.K., Meena R.S., Reager, M.L. and Kansotia, B.C. (2015) Response of bio-regulators to yield and quality of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czernj and Cosson) under different irrigation environments. J. of Applied Sci. and Natur 7(1): 52- 57.
  9. Dadhich, R.K., Reager, M.L., Kansoti, B.C. and Meena R.S. (2014) Efficacy of growth substances on mustard (Brassica juncea L.) under hyper arid environmental condition of Rajasthan. The Ecos 8(3&4): 269-272.
  10. Dadhich, R.K., Reager, M.L., Meena, R.S. and Kansotia, B.C. (2015a) Effect of Foliar Spray of Thiourea and Thioglycollic Acid on Mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Bioinf 12(1A): 10-13. 
  11. Dai A (2011) Drought under global warming: a review. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Chan 2: 45–65.
  12. Dash, S.K., Kulkarni, M.A., Mohanty, U.C. and Prasad, K. (2009) Changes in the characteristics of rain events in India. J. Geophys. Res 114:109-114.
  13. Dhakal, Y., Meena, R.S. and Shushil, K. (2016) Effect of INM on nodulation, yield, quality and available nutrient status in soil after    harvest of greengram. Leg. Res. 39 (4): 590-594.
  14. Easterling, D.R. and Wehner, M.F. (2009) Is the climate warming or cooling. Geophysics Res. Lett 36: L08706.
  15. Farooq, M.A. and Wahid Lee, D.J. (2009) Exogenously applied polyamines increase drought tolerance of rice by improving leaf water status, photosynthesis and membrane properties. Acta Physiol Planta 31: 937-945.
  16. Fatima, Z., Bano, A., Sial, R. and Aslam, M. (2008) Response of chickpea to plant growth regulators on nitrogen fixation and yield. Pak. J. Bot 40: 2005-2008.
  17. Fisher, R.A. (1954) Statistical methods for research workers.12th ed., Hafner, New York, pp.1-356.
  18. Goswami, B.N., Venugopal, V., Sengupta, D., Madhusoodanan, M.S. and Xavier, P.K. (2006) Increasing trend of Extreme Rain Events over India in a Warming Environment. Sci. 314: 1442-1445.
  19. Gouri, V., Reddy. R., Narayansimha, S.B.S. and Rao, Y.A. (2005) Thermal requirement of rabi groundnut in Southern Telangana Zone of Andhra Pradesh. J. Agromet 7(1):09-94.
  20. Hayat, S., and Ahmed, A. (2007) Salicylic acid: A plant hormone. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherland, pp. 1-14.
  21. Hongbo, S.L., Zongsuo and Mingan, S. (2005) Changes of anti-oxidative enzymes and MDA content under soil water deficits among 10 wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) genotypes at maturation stage. Colloids and Surfaces B: Bio Interformat 45(1): 7-13.
  22. IMD, (2012) India Meteorological Department, Annual Climate Summary 2012. National Climate Centre, Pune. pp. 125–1276.
  23. Iwat, K. (1975) Ultarastactured of the conchiolinmatrics in mollusacn narcosis layer . J. fac. Sci. Hokkaido, Uni ver 417:173229.
  24. Jose. S., Gillespie, A.R., Seifert, J.R., Mengel, D.B. and Pope, P.E. (2000) Defining competition vectors in a temperate alley cropping system in the Midwestern USA 3. Competition for nitrogen and litter decomposition dynamics. Agrofor, Syst 48(1):61–77
  25. Kothawale, D. R., Munot, A. and Krishna Kumar, K. (2010) Surface air temperature variability over India during 1901-2007 and its association with ENSO. Climate Res. 42: 89–104.
  26. Kumar, P., Hiremath, S.M. and Chetti, M.B. (2006) Influence of growth regulators on dry matter production and distribution and shelling percentage in determinate and semi-determinate soybean genotype. Leg. Res. 29:191-195.
  27. Lal, R. (1973) Effects of methods of seedbed preparation and time of planting of maize in western Nigeria. Exp. Agric. 9: 303-313.
  28. Lal, R. (2009) Global food security and soil carbon sequestration. Food Ethics 4(4): 11-13.
  29. Lal, R. (2010) Beyond Copenhagen: mitigating climate change and achieving food security through soil carbon sequestration. Food Secu. 2(2): 169-177.
  30. Lal, R. (2012) Climate change mitigation by managing the terrestrial biosphere. In R. Lal et al. (Eds) “Recarbonization of the Biosphere”. Springer, Dordrecht, Holland: 17-39
  31. Lal, R. (2013) Food security in a changing climate. Ecohydrol. and Hydrobio 13:1, (Sp. Iss) SI, 8-21.
  32. Lal, R. (2016) Global food security and nexus thinking. J. Soil and Water Cons. 71(4): 85A-90A
  33. Leong, S.K and Ong, C.K. (1983) The influence of temperature and soil water deficit on the development and morphology of peanuts (Arachishypogaea L.). J. Exp. Biotec. 34: 1551–1561.
  34. Mantri, N., Patade, V., Penna, S., Ford, R. and Pang, E. (2012) Abiotic stress responses in plants: present and future. In: Ahmad P, Prasad MNV (eds) Abiotic stress responses in plants: metabolism, productivity and sustainability. Springer, New York, pp 1–19.
  35. McCullough, B.D., Wilson, B. (2005) Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 49, pp. 1244-1252
  36. Mclean, E.Q. (1982) Soil pH and lime requirement. In: methods of soil analysis. R.H. Miller and D.R. keeney (Eds), Part 2, 2ndEdn, agron. Monogr. No 9, SAS abs SSA, Madison WL Pp. 199-234.
  37. Meena, R. S., Yadav, R. S. and Meena, V. S. (2014). Response of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties to Sowing Dates and NP Fertilizers under Western Dry Zone of India. Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(2): 169-173.
  38. Meena, R. S., Yadav, R.S. and Meena, V.S. (2013) Heat unit efficiency of groundnut varieties in scattered planting with various fertility levels. The Bios. 8(4):1189-1192.
  39. Meena, R.S. and Meena, H.R. (2015) Role of Bio regulators in Clusterbean (Cyamopsistetragonoloba L.) Productivity. Ann. Agri-    Bio Res. 20(1): 37-39.
  40. Meena, R.S. and Yadav, R.S. (2014) Phonological performance of groundnut varieties under sowing environments in hyper arid zone of Rajasthan, India .J. Appl. Sci. Nat. 6(2): 344-348.
  41. Meena, R.S. and Yadav, R.S. (2013). Groundnut yields as influenced by heat unit efficiency, fertility levels and varieties under different growing environment in hyper arid of Rajasthan. Indian J. of Eco. 40(1): 110-114.
  42. Meena, R.S., Meena, V.S., Meena, S.K. and Verma, J.P. (2015a) Towards the plant stress mitigate the agricultural productivity: a book review. J. Cle. Prod. 102: 552-553.
  43. Meena, R.S., Yadav, R.S. (2015) Yield and profitability of groundnut (Arachishypogaea L) as influenced by sowing dates and nutrient levels with different varieties. Leg. Res. 38 (6): 791-797.
  44. Meena, R.S., Yadav, R.S., Reager, M.L., De, N., Meena, V.S., Verma, J.P., Verma, S.K. and Kansotia BC (2015b) Temperature use efficiency and yield of groundnut varieties in response to sowing dates and fertility levels in western dry zone of India. Ameri J. of Exp. Agri.7 (3): 170-177.
  45. Meena, V.K., Kaushik, M.K., Kumar, R.K., Singh, M., Meena B.P., Meena, B.L., Meena, R.K., Kumar, U. and Kumar, S. (2016) Influence of growth regulators on nutrient concentrations, nutrient uptake and quality parameters of cluster bean varieties. Leg. Res. 39 (5): 797-801.
  46. Meena, V.K., Kaushik, M.K., Meena, R.S., Meena, V.S and Meena, B.P. (2014a) Effect of growth regulators on clusterbean [Cyamopsistetragonoloba (L.)] Growth under aravali hills environment in Rajasthan. The Bios 9(2): 547-550.
  47. Meena, V.K., Kaushik, M.K., Singh, M., Kumar, R.K., Meena, B.P., Meena, B.L., Meena,B.P., Ram,H., Kumar, U., Yadav,M.R. Makarana, G., Kumar, S. and Joshi, D. (2016b) Performance of cluster bean cultivars under the application of various agrochemicals in Sub - Humid area of Rajasthan. Leg. Res. 39 (5): 797-801.
  48. Meena,V.K., Kaushik, M.K. and Meena, R.S. (2014b) Response of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.)] to growth substances in sub-tropical climate of Rajasthan. Indian J. Eco. 41(1): 190-191.
  49. NIAM, (2014) National Institute of Agriculture Marketing, An analysis of performance of guar crop in India. GAIN report number: N4035.
  50. Nicholson, S.E. (2001) A review of climate dynamics and climate variability in Eastern Africa. In: The Limnology, Climatology and Paleoclimatology of the East African Lakes, pp. 25–56.
  51. Olsen, S.R. and Sommers, L.E. (1982) Phosphorus. Pages 421-422 in method of soil analysis, part 2, chemical and microbiological properties. 2nd ed. A. L. Page et al eds. ASA SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
  52. Parry, M., Rosenzweig, C., Iglesias, A., Livermore, M. and Fischer, G. (2004) Effects of climate change on global food production under SRES emissions and socio-economic scenarios. Global Environmental Change, Human and Policy Dimensions, 14: 53–67.
  53. Ravisankar, N., Balakrishnan, M., Ghoshal, S., Chaudhuri, A.S.K., Srivastava, R.C., Subramani, T. and Bommayasamy, N. (2010) Evaluation of time, method of sowing and varieties for table-purpose groundnut (Arachishypogaea) under Island ecosystem. Indian J. of Agric. Sci. 80(4): 293.
  54. Reeuwijk, L.P. (2002) Editor, Procedures for Soil Analysis. 6th edition. – Technical Paper/International Soil Reference and Information Centre,Wageningen, The Netherlands.pp1-2
  55. Shanker, A.K. and Venkateswarlu, B. (2011) Abiotic stress in plants - mechanisms and adaptations In Tech, Rijeka, p ix. Bejiga, G., 1984. Lentils in Ethiopia. Lens 11:1-6
  56. Singh UP, Tripati SN, Natarajan and Gua RS (2013). Crop profile; Available from: http://www.igfri.res.in /crop_profile_guar.htm.
  57. Singh, M.V., Singh, B., Neeraj, K. and Prakash, A. (2015) Effect of sowing time, plant geometry and topping on nutrient uptake and productivity of jute. Ann. Plant Soil Res 17 (2): 160-162.
  58. Subbiah, B.V. and Asija, G.L. (1956) A rapid procedure for the determination of available nitrogen in soils. Curr. Sci. 25:259-260. 
  59. Lal, R. (2010) Beyond Copenhagen: mitigating climate change and achieving food security through soil carbon sequestration. Food Secu. 2(2): 169-177.
  60. Lal, R. (2012) Climate change mitigation by managing the terrestrial biosphere. In R. Lal et al. (Eds) “Recarbonization of the Biosphere”. Springer, Dordrecht, Holland: 17-39
  61. Lal, R. (2013) Food security in a changing climate. Ecohydrol. and Hydrobio 13:1, (Sp. Iss) SI, 8-21.
  62. Lal, R. (2016) Global food security and nexus thinking. J. Soil and Water Cons. 71(4): 85A-90A
  63. Leong, S.K and Ong, C.K. (1983) The influence of temperature and soil water deficit on the development and morphology of peanuts (Arachishypogaea L.). J. Exp. Biotec. 34: 1551–1561.
  64. Mantri, N., Patade, V., Penna, S., Ford, R. and Pang, E. (2012) Abiotic stress responses in plants: present and future. In: Ahmad P, Prasad MNV (eds) Abiotic stress responses in plants: metabolism, productivity and sustainability. Springer, New York, pp 1–19.
  65. McCullough, B.D., Wilson, B. (2005) Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 49, pp. 1244-1252
  66. Mclean, E.Q. (1982) Soil pH and lime requirement. In: methods of soil analysis. R.H. Miller and D.R. keeney (Eds), Part 2, 2ndEdn, agron. Monogr. No 9, SAS abs SSA, Madison WL Pp. 199-234.
  67. Meena, R. S., Yadav, R. S. and Meena, V. S. (2014). Response of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties to Sowing Dates and NP Fertilizers under Western Dry Zone of India. Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(2): 169-173.
  68. Meena, R. S., Yadav, R.S. and Meena, V.S. (2013) Heat unit efficiency of groundnut varieties in scattered planting with various fertility levels. The Bios. 8(4):1189-1192.
  69. Meena, R.S. and Meena, H.R. (2015) Role of Bio regulators in Clusterbean (Cyamopsistetragonoloba L.) Productivity. Ann. Agri-    Bio Res. 20(1): 37-39.
  70. Meena, R.S. and Yadav, R.S. (2014) Phonological performance of groundnut varieties under sowing environments in hyper arid zone of Rajasthan, India .J. Appl. Sci. Nat. 6(2): 344-348.
  71. Meena, R.S. and Yadav, R.S. (2013). Groundnut yields as influenced by heat unit efficiency, fertility levels and varieties under different growing environment in hyper arid of Rajasthan. Indian J. of Eco. 40(1): 110-114.
  72. Meena, R.S., Meena, V.S., Meena, S.K. and Verma, J.P. (2015a) Towards the plant stress mitigate the agricultural productivity: a book review. J. Cle. Prod. 102: 552-553.
  73. Meena, R.S., Yadav, R.S. (2015) Yield and profitability of groundnut (Arachishypogaea L) as influenced by sowing dates and nutrient levels with different varieties. Leg. Res. 38 (6): 791-797.
  74. Meena, R.S., Yadav, R.S., Reager, M.L., De, N., Meena, V.S., Verma, J.P., Verma, S.K. and Kansotia BC (2015b) Temperature use efficiency and yield of groundnut varieties in response to sowing dates and fertility levels in western dry zone of India. Ameri J. of Exp. Agri.7 (3): 170-177.
  75. Meena, V.K., Kaushik, M.K., Kumar, R.K., Singh, M., Meena B.P., Meena, B.L., Meena, R.K., Kumar, U. and Kumar, S. (2016) Influence of growth regulators on nutrient concentrations, nutrient uptake and quality parameters of cluster bean varieties. Leg. Res. 39 (5): 797-801.
  76. Meena, V.K., Kaushik, M.K., Meena, R.S., Meena, V.S and Meena, B.P. (2014a) Effect of growth regulators on clusterbean [Cyamopsistetragonoloba (L.)] Growth under aravali hills environment in Rajasthan. The Bios 9(2): 547-550.
  77. Meena, V.K., Kaushik, M.K., Singh, M., Kumar, R.K., Meena, B.P., Meena, B.L., Meena,B.P., Ram,H., Kumar, U., Yadav,M.R. Makarana, G., Kumar, S. and Joshi, D. (2016b) Performance of cluster bean cultivars under the application of various agrochemicals in Sub - Humid area of Rajasthan. Leg. Res. 39 (5): 797-801.
  78. Meena,V.K., Kaushik, M.K. and Meena, R.S. (2014b) Response of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.)] to growth substances in sub-tropical climate of Rajasthan. Indian J. Eco. 41(1): 190-191.
  79. NIAM, (2014) National Institute of Agriculture Marketing, An analysis of performance of guar crop in India. GAIN report number: N4035.
  80. Nicholson, S.E. (2001) A review of climate dynamics and climate variability in Eastern Africa. In: The Limnology, Climatology and Paleoclimatology of the East African Lakes, pp. 25–56.
  81. Olsen, S.R. and Sommers, L.E. (1982) Phosphorus. Pages 421-422 in method of soil analysis, part 2, chemical and microbiological properties. 2nd ed. A. L. Page et al eds. ASA SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
  82. Parry, M., Rosenzweig, C., Iglesias, A., Livermore, M. and Fischer, G. (2004) Effects of climate change on global food production under SRES emissions and socio-economic scenarios. Global Environmental Change, Human and Policy Dimensions, 14: 53–67.
  83. Ravisankar, N., Balakrishnan, M., Ghoshal, S., Chaudhuri, A.S.K., Srivastava, R.C., Subramani, T. and Bommayasamy, N. (2010) Evaluation of time, method of sowing and varieties for table-purpose groundnut (Arachishypogaea) under Island ecosystem. Indian J. of Agric. Sci. 80(4): 293.
  84. Reeuwijk, L.P. (2002) Editor, Procedures for Soil Analysis. 6th edition. – Technical Paper/International Soil Reference and Information Centre,Wageningen, The Netherlands.pp1-2
  85. Shanker, A.K. and Venkateswarlu, B. (2011) Abiotic stress in plants - mechanisms and adaptations In Tech, Rijeka, p ix. Bejiga, G., 1984. Lentils in Ethiopia. Lens 11:1-6
  86. Singh UP, Tripati SN, Natarajan and Gua RS (2013). Crop profile; Available from: http://www.igfri.res.in /crop_profile_guar.htm.
  87. Singh, M.V., Singh, B., Neeraj, K. and Prakash, A. (2015) Effect of sowing time, plant geometry and topping on nutrient uptake and productivity of jute. Ann. Plant Soil Res 17 (2): 160-162.
  88. Subbiah, B.V. and Asija, G.L. (1956) A rapid procedure for the determination of available nitrogen in soils. Curr. Sci. 25:259-260. 
  89. Subrahmaniyan, K., Kalaiselvan, P. and Balasubramanian, T.N. (2008) Microclimate variations in relation to different types of polyethylene-film mulch on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachishypogaea). Indian J. Argon 53(3): 184–8.
  90. Torquebiau, E. (2000) A renewed perspective on agroforestry concepts and classification. Compte rendu de l’Académie des Sciences Editions Scientifiques et Techniques Elsevier SAS 323:1009–1017.
  91. Varma, D., Meena, R.S. and Kumar,S. and Kumar, E. (2017) Response of mungbean to NPK and lime under the conditions of Vindhyan Region of Uttar Pradesh. Leg. Res. 40(3): 542-545.
  92. Velayutham, M. and Pal, D.K. (2004) Soil classification, India. In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 11–23.
  93. Vorasoot, N., Songsri, P., Akkasaeng, C., Jogloy, S. and Patanothai, A. (2003) Effect of water stress on yield and agronomic characters of peanut.Songklanakarin. J. of Sci. and Tech. 25:283–288.
  94. Williams, R .B. (2000) Effect of sowing date on lucerne emergence, survival, nodulation, and early growth. New Zealand. J. of Exper. Agric. 4: 439-445. 

Editorial Board

View all (0)