Agricultural Reviews

  • Chief EditorPradeep K. Sharma

  • Print ISSN 0253-1496

  • Online ISSN 0976-0741

  • NAAS Rating 4.84

Frequency :
Quarterly (March, June, September & December)
Indexing Services :
AGRICOLA, Google Scholar, CrossRef, CAB Abstracting Journals, Chemical Abstracts, Indian Science Abstracts, EBSCO Indexing Services, Index Copernicus
Submit

Reviewer Article

Agricultural Reviews, volume 42 issue 3 (september 2021) : 315-321

Sugarcane Wax - A Par Excellent by-Product of Sugar Industry - A Review

S. Mohan, L. Chithra, R. Nageswari, V. Manimozhi Selvi, M. Mathialagan
1Sugarcane Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Sirugamani, Trichy-639 115, Tamil Nadu, India.
Cite article:- Mohan S., Chithra L., Nageswari R., Selvi Manimozhi V., Mathialagan M. (2021). Sugarcane Wax - A Par Excellent by-Product of Sugar Industry - A Review. Agricultural Reviews. 42(3): 315-321. doi: 10.18805/ag.R-2055.

ABSTRACT

Sugarcane is one of the major cash crops, used for the production of sugar and ethanol. Sugarcane processing, results in many by by-products like bagasse, molasses and press mud which have economic value. Also, the by-products serve to generate many value added products. Sugarcane wax is a value added product obtained by the processing of press mud. It has pharmaceutical, agricultural and industrial applications. n-Triacontanol, Policosanol, D-003 acids and waxes are some of the products derived from the sugarcane wax. This article attempt discusses the various methods of extraction of sugarcane wax, its constituents and its characteristics and applications of the products derived from the sugarcane wax.

REFERENCES

  1. Asadi, E. and Batool, K. (2017). Foliar spray of triacontanol improves growth by alleviating oxidative damage in coriander under salinity. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology. 22(1): 120-124. http://doi:10.1007/s40502-017-0286-z
  2. Bhosale, P.R., Chonde Sonal, G. and Raut, P.D. (2012). Studies on extraction of sugarcane wax from press mud of sugar factories from Kolhapur district, Maharashtra. Journal of Environmental Research and Development. Vol. 6 (3A): 715-720.
  3. Björklund, E., Nilsson, T. and Bøwadt, S. (2000). Pressurised liquid extraction of persistent organic pollutants in environmental analysis. TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 19(7): 434-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-9936(00)00002-9.
  4. Bowadt, S., Johansson, B. Wunderli, S. Zennegg, M. de Alencastro, L.F. and Grandjean, D. (1995). Independent Comparision of Soxhlet and Supercritical Fluid Extraction for the determination of PCBs in an Industrial Soil. Analytical Chemistry. 67: 2424-2430.
  5. Eskilsson, C.S. and Björklund, E. (2000). Analytical-scale microwave-assisted extraction. Journal of chromatography A. 902(1): 227-250.
  6. Cardoso, L.C., Serrano, C.M. Quintero, E.T. Lopez, C.P. ´Antezana, R.M. and de la Ossa, E.J.M. (2013). High pressure extraction of antioxidants from Solanum stenotomun peel. Molecules. 18(3): 3137–3151.
  7. Castaño, G., Menéndez, R. Mas, R. Ledón, N. Fernández, J.C. Pérez, J.L. González, R.M. and Lescay, M. (2003). Effects of D-003: A new hypocholesterolaemic and antiplatelet compound on lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in healthy volunteers. Clinical Drug Investigation. 23(3):193-203. DOI: 10.2165/00044011-200323030-00005.
  8. Chakhathanbordee, R., Khotavivattana, S. and Sriroth, K. (2016). Development of sugarcane wax extraction methods from sugarcane filter cake for value creation, VRU Research and Development Journal Science and Technology. 11(3): 95-106.
  9. Chemat, F., Rombaut, N. Sicaire, A.G. Meullemiestre, A. Fabiano- Tixier, A.S. and Abert-Vian, M. (2017). Ultrasound assisted extraction of food and natural products. Mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols and applications. A review. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 7(34):540-560. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.06.035.
  10. Chibnall, A.C., Williams, E.F. Latner, A.L. and Piper, S.H. (1933). The isolation of n-triacontanol from lucerne wax. Biochemical Journal. 27: 1885-1888.
  11. Chinnadurai, C. (2017). Potential Health Benefits of Sugarcane [In Ch. Mohan (ed.)] Sugarcane Biotechnology: Challenges and Prospects. Springer, Cham: 1-11.
  12. de Lucas, A., García, A. Alvarez, A. and Gracia, I. (2007). Supercritical extraction of long chain n-alcohols from sugar cane crude wax. The Journal of supercritical fluids. 41(2): 267-271.
  13. FAOSTAT. 2018. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics. Rome, Italy. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC (Accessed on June, 2020).
  14. Ganzler, K., Salgó, A. and Valkó, K. (1986). Microwave extraction: A novel sample preparation method for chromatography. Journal of chromatography A. 371: 299-306.
  15. Ganzeler, K., Szinai, I. and Salga, A. (1990). Effective sample preparation method for extracting biologically active compounds from different matrices by a microwave technique. Journal of chromatography A. 520: 257-262.
  16. Ghitescu, R.E., Volf, I. Carausu, C. Bühlmann, A.M. Gilca, I.A. and Popa, V.I. (2015). Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from spruce wood bark. Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 22:535-541.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.07.013.
  17. Howe, G.A., Schaller A. (2008). Direct defenses in plants and their induction by wounding and insect herbivores. In: Induced Plant Resistance to Herbivory, Schaller A. (Eds). Springer Science and Business Media, Germany. Pp 7-23.
  18. Lucas, S., Calvo, M.P. Garcia-Serna, J. Palencia, C. and Cocero, M.J. (2007). Two parameter model for mass transfer processes between solid matrixes and supercritical fluids: analytical solution. Journal of Supercritical Fluids. 41: 257-266.
  19. Lucus, D.A., A. Garcia, A. Alvarez and I. Gracia. (2006). Supercritical extraction of long chain n-alcohols from sugar cane crude wax. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids. 41: 267-271.
  20. Macías Sánchez, M.D., Mantell Serrano, C. Rodríguez Rodríguez, M. Martínez de la Ossa, E. Lubián, L.M. and Montero, O. (2008). Extraction of carotenoids and chlorophyll from microalgae with supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol as cosolvent. Journal of Separation Science. 31(8): 1352-1362.
  21. Naeem, M., Khan, M.M.A. and Moinuddin. (2012). Triacontanol: a potent plant growth regulator in agriculture. Journal of Plant Interactions. 7(2): 129-142. http://doi:10.1080/1742 9145.2011.619281.
  22. Noa, M., Mendoza, S. Más, R. Mendoza, N. and León, F. (2004). Effect of D-003, a mixture of very high molecular weight aliphatic acids, on prednisolone-induced osteoporosis in Sprague-Dawley rats. Drugs in R and D, 5(5): 281-290.
  23. Paniwnyk, L., Beaufoy, E.Lorimer, J.P. and Mason, T.J. (2001). The extraction of rutin from flower buds of Sophora japonica. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 8 (3): 299-301.
  24. Pérez, Y., Menéndez, R. Mas, R. González, R. Fernández, L. Fernández, J. Illnait, J. and Mendoza, S. (2008). Effects of D-003, a mixture of high molecular weight acids from sugarcane wax, on lipid peroxidation (LP) markers of older individuals. Current Therapeutic Research. 69(1): 36-48. doi: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2008.01.001.
  25. Perveen, S., Shahbaz, M. and Ashraf, M. (2014). Triacontanol-    induced changes in growth, yield, leaf water relations, oxidative defense system, minerals and some key osmoprotectants in Triticum aestivum under saline conditions. Turkish Journal of Botany. 38: 896–913. http://doi:10.3906 /bot-1401-19.
  26. Perveen, S., Iqbal, M. Parveen, A. and Sohail, M. (2017). Exogenous triacontanol-mediated increase in phenolics, proline, activity of nitrate reductase and shoot k+ confers salt tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.). Brazilian Journal of Botany. 40(1): 1-11. http://doi:10.1007/s40415-016-0310-y
  27. Rindl, M. (1922). South African Journal of Industry. 5: 513-518.
  28. Roufa, M.A., Bajpaib, P.K. and Jotshic. C.K. (2010). Optimization of Biogas Generation from Press Mud in Batch Reactor. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. 45(4): 371-376.
  29. Samaram, S., Mirhosseini, H. Tan, C.P. Ghazali, H.M. Bordbar, S. and Serjouie, A. (2015). Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted extraction of oil from papaya seed by response surface methodology: Oil recovery, radical scavenging antioxidant activity and oxidation stability. Food Chemistry. 172: 7-17.
  30. Santos, F., Colodette, J. and Queiroz, J.H. (2013). Bioenergry and Biorefinery-Sugarcane and Forestry Species (in Portuguese: Bioenergia e Biorrefinaria-Cana-de-Açúcar eEspécies Florestais) first ed. Meenas Publishing, Brazil. 
  31. Schlegel, John W. and Lang, L., (1943). The National Sugar Refining Company, N.J. Doughnut sugar. U. S. Patent 2, 320, 831.
  32. Solomon, S. (2011). Sugarcane By-Products Based Industries in India. Sugar Tech. 13(4): 408-416. DOI 10.1007/s12355-011-0114-0.
  33. Sontakke, S., Nagavekar, N. Dubey, K.K. and Singhal, R. (2018). Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of triacontanol from green tea leaves and its evaluation as an unconventional plant growth regulator for spinach tissue culture. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 16: 476-482.
  34. Srivastava, N., Khatoon, S. Rawat, A.K.S. Rai, V. and Mehrotra, S. (2009). Chromatographic estimation of p-coumaric acid and triacontanol in an ayurvedic root drug patala (Stereo spermum suaveolens Roxb.). Journal of Chromatographic Science. 47. 936–939. http://doi: 10.1093/chromsci/47.10.936.
  35. Suganthi, M., Muthukrishnan, P. and Chinnusamy, C. (2019). Crop Weed Competition in Sugarcane–A Review. Agricultural Reviews. 40(3): 239-242.
  36. Sune Sporring, A., Soren Bowadt, B, Bo Svensmark, B. and Erland Bjorklund, A, (2005). Comprehensive comparison of classic Soxhlet extraction with Soxtec extraction, ultrasonication extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave assisted extraction and accelerated solvent extraction for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil. Journal of Chromatography A. 1090: 1-9.
  37. Varady, K.A., Wang, Y. and Jones. P.J.H. (2003). Role of policosanol in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Nutrition Reviews. 61: 376-383.
  38. Veggi, P.C., Martinez, J. and Meireles, M.A.A. (2012). Fundamentals of microwave extraction. In. Microwave-assisted extraction for bioactive compounds. (Boston, MA : Springer US, 2012).
  39. Wang, C., Fan, A. Deng, S. Gao, W. Zhang, W. Yang, W. and Chen, X. (2015). Investigation on pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of 1-triacontanol in rats by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Xenobiotica, 45(1): 71-78.
  40. Warth, A.H. (1956). The Chemistry and Technology of Waxes. Reinhold Publishing Co., New York. Pp. 735 - 737.
  41. Yadav, R.L. and Solomon. S. (2006). Potential of developing sugarcane by products based industries in India. Sugar Tech. 8(2-3): 104-111.
Reviewed By

Download Article
In this Article
    Contact us
    Follow us

    Editorial Board

    View all (0)