Effect of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Brahmi Gritham Residue Based Diet on Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Malabari Goat Kids

A 90 days study was conducted to observe the effect of ayurvedic pharmaceutical brahmi gritham residue based diet on various haematological parameter in Malabari kids. Fifteen male kids were selected and divided in to three group, T1 (control), T2 and T3 consisting of five animal in each group. The dietary treatments were T1 control diet; T2 and T3 kid starter with 10 and 20 per cent of ayurvedic pharmaceutical brahmi gritham residue, respectively. Haematological parameter of the treatment kids were analysed on 0 th day and 90 th day of the experiment. On 0 th day all the blood parameters were similar between the treatments. On 90 th day Brahmi gritham had no effect on haematological parameters, viz., RBC, WBC, Haemoglobin, MCH and MCV and Biochemical parameters, viz., total protein, AST, ALT, total cholesterol and total triglycerides are similar among the treatment and control unsuplimented group.


INTRODUCTION
The limited availability, high cost and seasonal availability feed, water and pasture constitutes constraint to livestock production (Titi, 2003). Feeding of conventional feed and fodder is adversely affecting the overall profitability of goat rearing system (Aruwayo et al., 2011). Hence, the incorporation of cheaper and unutilised agro-industrial byproducts, as energy sources in feed need to be scrutinized to reduce the feed cost (Chanjula et al., 2011) without affecting the health and welfare of animal (Thakur et al., 2015). Ruminants can effectively utilise this fibre as energy source without competing for human feed resources (Escala & Bestil. 2011).
Though various agro industrial byproducts and crop residues are being used in animal feeds to reduce feed cost, the potential of byproducts from ayurvedic pharmaceuticals has not been explored widely.
Malabari goats inhabit the Calicut, Kannur, Wayanad and Malappuram districts of Kerala, India. They are medium to small size animals having varied coat colour ranging from white to admixtures and black. These goats are reared mainly for meat (Verma et al., 2009).
Kerala, a state renowned for its ayurvedic tradition has various ayurvedic pharmaceuticals (Roshma 2014). Byproducts from these pharmaceuticals mainly include waste products of medicinal herbs which are rich in fibre (Seethal et al., 2016). Though various agro industrial byproducts and crop residues are being used in animal feeds to reduce feed cost, the potential of byproducts from ayurvedic pharmaceuticals has not been explored widely.
Brahmi gritham residue is a byproduct obtained during the preparation of brahmi gritham oil. This residue is available in considerable quantity and many of the farmers are using this byproduct for feeding goats. The feeding value of these residues as potential non-conventional feed resource (NCFR) are yet to be explored. The main problem with residues from ayurvedic products are unpalatable and probable cumulative toxic effects. As in any ruminant, the micro flora in the rumen of goat can utilise the fibrous residues in the byproducts of ayurvedic preparations and can possibly detoxify the intrinsic factors present in these residues to some extent (Seethal, 2018). Hence the present study is planned to evaluate the effect of dietary incorporation of ayurvedic pharmaceutic residue as a NCFR in the diet of malabari kids, present study is to assess the effect of ayurvedic pharmaceutica residue on haematological parameter in kids

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifteen healthy Malabari goat kids of about three months of age were selected from Goat farm, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode. They were divided into three groups of five animals in each, on the basis of their body weight, age and sex following completely randomized design (CRD). These animals were maintained for 2 weeks on a standard diet comprised of concentrate mixture and green grass, before the start of the proper experiment. The kids were housed in sheds of Goat farm, ILFC, Pookode, having facilities for individual feeding and watering.
All the experimental kids were housed in a well-ventilated shed with provision of individual feeding. Strict management and hygienic practices were adopted throughout the experimental period. All the kids were dewormed against ecto and endo parasites before the start of experiment and subsequently at regular intervals. Clean drinking water was provided ad libitum.
The kids in the three experimental groups were fed with a diet containing 24 per cent crude protein and 70 per cent TDN for the entire feeding period of 90 days. The three experimental rations were T 1kid starter (control, BIS (2009)) T 2 -kid starter containing 10 per cent brahmi gritham residue T 3 -kid starter containing 20 per cent brahmi gritham residue The experimental rations were prepared at feed mixing plant, ILFC. The ingredient composition of experimental kid starter of T 1 , T 2 and T 3 are presented in Table-1.
All kids will be housed individually in well ventilated, clean and dry pens. Kid starter and good quality green fodder will be offered to all the kids. Clean drinking water will be made available to all kids throughout the experiment. All animals will be maintained under uniform management conditions. Kids will be fed on isonitrogenous and isocaloric rations formulated as per ICAR feeding standards (ICAR, 2013) and will be maintained on their respective feeding regimen for a period of three months. Data on daily feed and fodder intake and fortnightly body weight will be recorded during the course of the experiment Blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the experiment to estimate haemoglobin (cyanomethemoglobin method), plasma protein (direct Biuret method), triglycerides (peroxidase coupled method), total cholesterol (CHOD-PAP method), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) using standard kits supplied by Agappe Diagnostics, Maharashtra, India. All the haematological parameters listed above were determined using the Auto analyser (Merck, Microlab 300).

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
All the data were analysed statistically and presented in the table as mean with standard deviation with P <0.05.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Haematological parameter
Haematological parameter of the treatment kids were analysed beginning (0 th day) of the experiment, results are presented in Table 2. On statistical analysis no significance difference in between the groups. The values are observed at the end of the experiment (90 th day) results are presented in the Table 3. On statistical analysis no significance difference in between the groups.

Haemoglobin
Mean haemoglobin values are similar in within the groups values are 10.18, 9.48 and 10.56 g per 100 ml in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. No significant changes in the values observed at the end of the experiment compared to initial values, similar results were observed by Thakur et al. (2015) in goats, Roshma (2014) and

Serum biochemical parameter
The serum biochemical parameter of the treatment kids were analysed beginning (0 th day) of the experiment, results are presented in Table 3. On statistical analysis no significance difference in between the groups. The values are observed at the end of the experiment (90 th day) results are presented in the Table 3.