СЕЛЕКЦИЯ НА СОДЕРЖАНИЕ АНТИОКСИДАНТОВ В ЗЕРНЕ КАК ПЕРСПЕКТИВНОЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПРОДУКТОВ ЗДОРОВОГО ПИТАНИЯ

Согласно Доктрине продовольственной безопасности Российской Федерации, в ближайшей перспективе предполагается расширение ассортимента продуктов здорового питания. Вследствие этого необходим поиск соответствующих пищевых источников. К веществам, способствующим профилактике ряда серьезных заболеваний человека, относятся антиоксиданты, а одним из важных параметров качества пищевых продуктов и ингредиентов выступает их антиоксидантная активность. В настоящее время суммарное содержание антиоксидантов и их антиоксидантная активность достаточно полно установлены в овощах и фруктах. При этом найдено, что по сравнению с эквивалентным количеством мягких фруктов или широко употребляемых в пищу овощей цельное зерно злаков обеспечивает более высокое количество связанных полифенолов. Последние включаются в обмен веществ в толстой кишке и могут обеспечивать тем самым положительное влияние на здоровье человека. На примере 30 различных коммерческих зерновых завтраков показано, что содержащиеся в средней порции хлопьев, приготовленных на овсяной основе, уровни полифенолов сопоставимы с таковыми, находящимися в эквивалентном количестве овощей и фруктов. Известно, что зерно овса и ячменя имеет высокую питательную ценность, содержит ненасыщенные жирные кислоты, основные минеральные элементы, белки и бетаглюканы (самые высокие уровни среди зерновых злаков), а также характеризуется наличием разнообразных химических веществ с антиоксидантными свойствами. В последние годы в некоторых западных странах начаты работы по изучению содержания антиоксидантов в зерне различных культурных злаков. В России лишь небольшое количество работ посвящено исследованию этих важных химических соединений в зерне овса и ячменя. Следует отметить, что, хотя зерновые культуры считаются одним из основных компонентов питания человека, исследований в области определения их антиоксидантной активности проведено недостаточно. С целью привлечения внимания российских растениеводов, селекционеров, физиологов растений, генетиков и биотехнологов к указанной проблеме читателю предлагается обзор современной литературы.

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