BARAMBANGAN : DYNAMICS AND CHALLENGES IN RESOLVING HUSBAND AND WIFE DISPUTES IN THE BANJAR COMMUNITY

: This study will discuss the concept of barambangan in the Banjar community which is used in resolving conflicts between husbands and wives during a marriage that is almost on the verge of divorce. This research is different from other researchers because it emphasizes the findings about the argumentation of separation by peaceful means or can also unite household disputes by way of reconciliation through tetuha . The research method used is normative with legal material from the 18th century Sultan Adam Law, then observations in society with an anthropological sociological approach to the Banjar community are studied based on the facts of people who were in conflict in the household at the time of their marriage. This study found that conflicts that do not end without divorce according to the Banjar custom, namely barambangan , can be a solution in ending household disputes, through religious leaders ( tetuha ) to determine legal certainty regarding the status of the husband-wife relationship. The formalization of barambang as a customary institution promises a good balance between legal certainty and benefits.


INTRODUCTION
The study of barambangan in the settlement of marital disputes in the South Kalimantan community sees that many South Kalimantan people use "barambangan " as an alternative to resolving marital disputes outside the trial.However, this "barambangan " has a more flexible concept, because even though the status of husband and wife is separated by bed, it can mean divorce for both or vice versa. 1 In the Banjar language, the word barambangan comes from the word "rambang" which means indecisive, and doubtful.In the Banjar dictionary, barambangan is an adverb that means a state of disharmony between husband and wife, cracked households and separated homes.In the understanding of the general public, it is called pisah ranjang. 2 According to M. Syahriza, the aspect of barambangan from the aspect of the Sultan Adam Law in Article 18 by analyzing maqashid ash-shariah.In Sultan Adam Law there are three laws in case 18 first, when barambangan , the husband is prohibited from holding or inviting his wife to reunite directly but is ordered to make peace first.Second, the reconciliation of the husband and wife whose barambangan is carried out by the judge as a representative of Islamic law and the husband and wife's relatives as representatives of customary law, and thirdly, when the barambangan problem is too complicated and deadlocked, the judge will delegate to the Sultan in its resolution.So, 1 Nor Aida, "Barambangan Dalam Perspektif Masyarakat Amuntai," 2022; Rian Chandra, "Barambangan Sebagai Pencegahan Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan Pespektif Ham," Fikruna 4, No. 1 (2022): 38-49.for this author, it is more inclined to the content of Sultan Adam Law case 18 by looking at the maqashid ash-shariah aspect. 3hmadi Hasan also argues that the resolution of legal disputes set by the authorities has received less attention from the community, instead the community tends to prefer to use the values that live in the community, namely adat badamai.There is little discussion of the issue of adat badamai in family disputes by looking at the case of people who divorce with a pattern of behavior that is preceded by barambangan .
The customary law that applies to the Banjar community is a law that is binding on the indigenous community, its existence growing and developing in the indigenous community.Because it is unwritten law, it has a deep level of internalization for the indigenous community, resulting in a very high level of compliance or obedience.Indigenous peoples deeply understood customary law not only in formal normative aspects as there is positive law.But its existence is also seen as the spirit of the life of the indigenous community, so that the normative aspects manifested in the advice of the tetuha or traditional leaders are only a reflection of their belief in realizing safety, peace in the life of the indigenous community.The Banjar community's belief in the honourable role and position of the tetuha/bubuhan/ulama/parents becomes its own legal force for the adat .
Thus, it can be understood that when people obtain justice outside the court, because of the reluctance to use the litigation route it tends to make the household conflict because every case that goes to the Religious court will end in divorce.It's just that there are some significant views on the procedure and strength of the court's decision (in court) when compared to outside the court (out of court).First, that confidentiality will be guaranteed because the trial is not open to the public, second, the decision is the will of both parties so it is more family in nature, and third, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) gives birth to a win-win solution, while in court a win-lose solution. 4his research is a comprehensive study by considering the culture in which the law is processed and applied and is expected to become a model of responsive law because the law grows and develops in a society that is imbued with Islamic values.A good law should offer something better than just procedural justice.Good law can recognize the wishes of the community and commits to the achievement of substantive justice.The question to be researched by the author is How is the "barambangan " mechanism used in conflict resolution between husband and The Islamic legal system and customary law are two legal systems that have an important role in dispute resolution in various societies around the world.Both have unique principles and mechanisms for resolving disputes and conflicts that arise in society.In the context of dispute resolution, both Islamic and customary legal systems have a significant role to play in promoting justice, maintaining peace, and sustaining social harmony.In this paper, we will explore dispute resolution under Islamic and customary law systems, explore their underlying principles, and explore how these two systems can interact with each other in achieving justice and peace in society. 5e Islamic legal system, which is based on the teachings of Islam, provides guidelines for dispute resolution based on the principles of Sharia.Sharia is the rules and laws found in the Quran and hadith, as well as the interpretation and application of Islamic teachings by scholars. 6In dispute resolution under the Islamic legal system, the principles of justice, equality before the law, and social order are the cornerstones.Parties involved in a dispute are expected to reach an agreement and resolve their disputes through negotiation, mediation, or On the other hand, customary law is a legal system that develops within a community based on customs, traditions, and norms recognized by the local community.Customary law emphasizes local values, local wisdom, and consensus in dispute resolution. 8In many societies, customary law has been used for centuries as a means to effectively resolve disputes.The principles of customary law are often found in customs and traditions passed down from generation to generation, and dispute resolution in customary law often involves the role of customary figures or customary institutions recognized by the local community. 9 These two legal systems, Islamic law, and customary law, often interact in the context of dispute resolution.In societies that follow Islam and have a strong tradition of customary law, dispute resolution can be done through an approach that combines the principles of both legal systems.In principle, dispute resolution according to the Islamic legal system and customary law aims to achieve justice, protect individual rights, and maintain harmony in society.However, it should be noted that there are also potential conflicts between the Islamic legal system and customary law.Sometimes, the values or practices espoused in customary law may not be in line with the principles of Sharia.In such situations, it is important to take a cautious approach and consider the implications of any decisions or actions taken.Dialogue and coordination between religious leaders, customary leaders, and parties involved in dispute resolution is essential to reach an agreement that respects and considers the values of both legal systems. 11ile dispute resolution according to the Islamic legal system with customary law can provide effective solutions in many cases, some disputes require the involvement of formal legal institutions to achieve broader justice.In some cases, violations of the law or human rights abuses may occur, and in such instances, strict protection and enforcement of the law are required.
To capitalize on the positive potential of these two legal systems, the government and legal institutions need to provide a clear and coordinated framework for integrating the Islamic legal system with customary law.A comprehensive and coordinated policy can help ensure that both legal systems can operate in a balanced and complementary manner in dispute resolution. 12e example of the merging of the disputes.In this case, Islamic law provides clear guidelines regarding the rights and obligations of husband and wife, as well as the procedures to be followed in divorce.However, in the context of a society that adheres to customary law, the settlement of marriage or divorce disputes also involves traditional mechanisms recognized by the community, such as deliberation, family mediation, or the role of traditional leaders who act as mediators.Thus, in resolving marriage or divorce disputes, these two legal systems can complement each other and create a more holistic settlement.
However, it is important to note that harmonization between Islamic and customary law systems can also pose challenges.There may be conflicts between the principles and values underlying these two systems.In such cases, dialog, understanding, and negotiation between the parties involved are required to reach an agreement that is mutually respectful and accommodates the interests of all parties.
Dispute resolution according to the Islamic legal system with customary law is a potentially effective approach in achieving justice and peace in society. 13 and customary legal systems can create a comprehensive dispute-resolution framework that is relevant to the needs of society.

B. The Barambangan Tradition in the 18th-Century Sultan Laws
The Barambangan tradition originates from the Law of Sultan Adam case 18, which is a written customary law product that applies Islamic law in Banjar land.The Sultan Adam Law was enacted by Sultan Adam Al-Watsiq Billah in 1825-1827 AD.Van Vollenhoven explains that customary law has sources, one of which is the regulations of kings and community heads.Barambangan is one of the customary laws of the Banjar community that originates from the Sultan Adam Law . 14rm 18 of the Sultan Adam Law provides for the rule of Barambangan , which prohibits violence and coercion between husband and wife in a state of Barambangan .In this sense, Barambangan serves as a preventive legal protection to prevent violence.The Sultan prohibits the husband from holding the wife during Barambangan and expects them to reconcile.If the wife refuses to reconcile after mediation by a judge and relatives of both parties, the Sultan can decide the dispute. 15rambangan also demonstrates the existence of legal pluralism in Sultan Adam Law , where Islamic law and customary law interact.In Barambangan dispute resolution, judges and relatives have a role as mediators, in accordance with dispute 14 Rezkianoor, "Perkara 18 Undang-Undang Sultan Adam Tentang Barambangan (Analisis Maqâshid Asy-Syarî'ah)." 15 Abdurrahman Abdurrahman, "Undang-Undang Sultan Adam 1835 Dalam Perspektif Sejarah resolution theory.In some cases, women who are victims of violence or feel trapped in relationships that are not in line with their expectations do not want to reconcile, in line with the theory of Learned Helplessness and Psychological Entrapment. 16ction 18 of the Sultan Adam Law which contains the Barambangan rules reads as follows; Mana-mana orang jang Barambangan laki bini sebab perbantahan atau lainnja tiada koebarikan itoe lakinja mamegang bininja hanja koesoeroeh segala berkebaikan maka hakim serta karabat kadoea pihak keosoeroeh mamadahi dan membaikkan dan apa-apa kasalahan kadoea pihak dan apabila anggan menoeroet hoekoem dan adat serta sangat hadjat minta baikkan pada hal perampoean itoe keras tiada maoe berkabaikan lagi maka padahkan kajah diakoe. 17Mean, Any person whose husband and wife, because of an argument or something else, doesn't want to let the man hold his daughter, just because everything is good, then the judge and relatives of the third party resolve and correct any wrongdoing by the third party and if the anggan violates law and customs and really wants to reconcile or make up again, then it is recommended to be conveyed to me The first dictum of the Barambangan rule in Article 18 of Sultan Adam Law states that "Any person who is in Barambangan with their spouse due to disputes or other reasons."It is clear that the condition of Barambangan arises due to disputes between husbands and wives, whether it be neglect, threats, oaths, physical violence, or abuse.
Additionally, the phrase "or other reasons" indicates that Barambangan can occur due to disputes other than between spouses, such as disputes between a husband and in-laws or vice versa.
This first dictum indicates that Barambangan is a tradition aimed at preventing violence against women.As explained, Barambangan exists due to disputes between husbands and wives.Thus, with the presence of Barambangan , it can prevent violence resulting from disputes and simultaneously protect the potential victims.This is in line with the theory of legal protection.
The forms of legal protection can be theoretically divided into two categories: preventive protection and remedial protection.Preventive protection is aimed at preventing harm, while remedial protection is intended to resolve disputes when they occur.In this case, the Barambangan tradition outlined in the Sultan Adam Law represents a form of preventive legal protection.The Barambangan tradition prevents violence arising from disputes between husbands and wives or others.
From another perspective, Roscoe Pound and his theory of law as a tool of social engineering argue that human interests are demands that are protected and fulfilled by law.This means that law, as a tool of social engineering, should protect human interests.In this context, the Barambangan tradition aims to protect the individual interests of individuals within the institution of marriage.Thus, spouses in a state of Barambangan are provided with security and well-being by being shielded from violence. 18verall, the analysis highlights that the Barambangan tradition serves as a preventive legal protection mechanism, particularly in preventing violence resulting from disputes within the marital relationship.By understanding the protective nature of Barambangan and its alignment with legal theories and the need to safeguard human interests, the significance and relevance of this traditional practice in the Banjar community can be appreciated.This first dictum shows that Barambangan is a tradition to prevent violence against women.As has been explained, the condition of Barambangan exists because of arguments between husband and wife.So that with the existence of Barambangan , it can prevent violence due to mutual arguments while protecting objects that will become victims.This is in line with the theory of legal protection. 19he form of legal protection can theoretically be divided into two, namely preventive and refressive protection.Preventive protection is legal protection that is preventive in nature.Meanwhile, refressive protection is legal protection that functions to resolve disputes.In this case, the Barambangan tradition contained in the Sultan Adam Law is a form of preventive legal protection.Because this Barambangan tradition prevents violence due to arguing between husband and wife or others.
The Barambangan tradition in the Sultan Adam Law is a form of preventive legal protection to prevent violence against women in domestic conflicts.In this tradition, there is also a way of resolving conflicts between husband and wife that involves mediation by judges and relatives.This tradition combines elements of Islamic law and customary law in an effort to achieve justice and peace in Banjar society.

C. Dynamics of Conflict between Husband and Wife in the Banjar Community
The traditional mechanism of "Barambangan " in conflict resolution between husband and wife in the Banjar community is based on concepts and principles that include peace, reconciliation, balance, justice, mediation and cooperation.The Barambangan concept aims to restore harmonious relationships within the household and restore cooperation and family happiness. 20e process of conflict resolution through Barambangan involves a series of procedures and rituals that are unique to the Banjar community.First of all, the parties involved in the conflict are gathered to start the resolution process.The mediator facilitates a dialog between the husband and wife, where each party is given the opportunity to express their views and interests.Then, negotiations are conducted to reach a mutually beneficial agreement and restore harmonious relations.After reaching an agreement, often special rituals are performed as a sign of reconciliation and commitment to repair the relationship.

Community
leaders play an important role as mediators in conflict resolution through Barambangan .They must maintain a neutral and objective attitude 20 Akhmad Humaidi, "Nilai Budaya Dalam Lagu Banjar: Pernikahan, Mata Pencaharian, Dan and have extensive knowledge of the customs, customary laws and social values within the Banjar community.In addition, community leaders must also be able to explore and understand the root causes of the conflict and provide advice and guidance to the husband and wife to improve the relationship.
By involving community leaders as mediators, the Barambangan tradition is able to maintain family harmony and welfare within the Banjar community.Through a conflict resolution process that is fair, equitable and in accordance with Banjar cultural values and customs, Barambangan serves as an effective means to resolve conflicts between husband and wife and prevent future conflicts from recurring.
The traditional mechanism of "Barambangan " in conflict resolution between husband and wife in the Banjar community is based on concepts and principles that include peace, reconciliation, balance, justice, mediation and cooperation.The Barambangan concept aims to restore harmonious relationships within the household and restore cooperation and family happiness.
The process of conflict resolution through Barambangan involves a series of procedures and rituals that are unique to the Banjar community.First of all, the parties involved in the conflict are gathered to start the resolution process.The mediator facilitates a dialog between the husband and wife, where each party is given the opportunity to express their views and interests.Then, negotiations are conducted to reach a mutually beneficial agreement and restore harmonious relations.After reaching an agreement, often special rituals are performed as a sign of reconciliation and commitment to repair the relationship. 21mmunity leaders play an important role as mediators in conflict resolution through Barambangan .They must maintain a neutral and objective attitude and have extensive knowledge of the customs, customary laws and social values within the Banjar community.In addition, community leaders must also be able to explore and understand the root causes of the conflict and provide advice and guidance to the husband and wife to improve the relationship.
By involving community leaders as mediators, the Barambangan tradition is able to maintain family harmony and welfare within the Banjar community.Through a conflict resolution process that is fair, equitable and in accordance with Banjar cultural values and customs, Barambangan serves as an effective means to resolve conflicts between husband and wife and prevent future conflicts from recurring.

D. Contemporary Challenges in Resolving Conflict
In resolving conflicts between husbands and wives in the Banjar community, there are challenges from changes in culture and external values that affect conflict dynamics.Social change, the influence of mass media, and interaction with external cultures and values can bring different inputs to conflict resolution.
Cultural changes can alter individuals' perceptions and expectations of roles and responsibilities within the household.More individualistic values, gender equality and an emphasis on individual rights may lead to a shift in conflict dynamics and resolution.In addition, the influence of mass media and popular culture can bring new concepts of relationships and marriage, which may conflict with traditional values in the Banjar community.
Another challenge is the interaction with outside cultures and values that can influence the outlook and conflict resolution within the Banjar community.Contact with modern culture or the adoption of external values can cause tensions between traditional values and the cultural changes taking place.The modern legal system also poses a challenge in resolving conflicts between husband and wife in the Banjar community.The influence of formal laws based on national or religious legislation can impact on the conflict resolution process that has been regulated by the Barambangan tradition.
In some cases, individuals tend to seek formal legal remedies that fall outside the traditional mechanisms of Barambangan .Modern judicial processes can bring different legal considerations, including individual rights and a greater role for legal institutions.This can change the dynamics of conflict resolution and affect the way traditional Barambangan is recognized or applied.
Another challenge in resolving conflicts between husbands and wives in the Banjar community is the incompatibility of traditional methods with the modern context.Some traditional methods may no longer be relevant or effective in dealing with conflicts that arise in a changing social, cultural and economic environment.
Changes in the roles and responsibilities of husbands and wives, gender equality, and the demands and pressures of the modern environment can affect the effectiveness of traditional methods in resolving conflict.In some cases, the need for a more inclusive, equitable and comprehensive approach may require adjustments or modifications in traditional Barambangan mechanisms.In facing these contemporary challenges, it is important to seek balanced and harmonious solutions between tradition and progress.Combining relevant traditional values with a modern perspective that respects individual rights and equality can help in effective and sustainable conflict resolution within the Banjar community.

CONCLUSION
This study reveals the dynamics of conflict between husbands and wives in the Banjar community and the role of traditional Barambangan mechanisms in its resolution.Common causes of conflict between husbands and wives include differences in expectations, poor communication, financial problems and gender roles.The conflict can be verbal, emotional or physical.The Barambangan mechanism is based on the principles of peace, balance and mediation involving procedures and people who are considered community leaders as a traditional way of resolving domestic conflicts in the Banjar community.
The implication of this research is the importance of understanding the dynamics of conflict in households and developing effective resolution mechanisms.Traditional mechanisms such as Barambangan have relevant cultural values and customs, which can help restore a harmonious relationship between husband and wife.The research also highlights the importance of the role of community leaders in mediation and providing wise counsel in conflict resolution.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS A. Dispute Resolution According to the Islamic Legal System with Customary Law
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