FLORA AND FAUNA POTENTIAL OF BUKIT BATU ECOTOURISM,

The potential of Bukit Batu ecotourism includes biotic potential such as flora and fauna. However, the study about the potential of Bukit Batu Ecotourism is still minimal, so research aimed at analyzing the potential of flora and fauna diversity in Bukit Batu Ecotourism needs to be done. Data collection on flora diversity used the transect and importance index value methods, while fauna data collection used the index point of abundance method. Flora and fauna data that have been obtained from the field, then categorized into the quality criteria of flora and fauna diversity. The results of the research on the potential diversity of flora at the seedling level amounted to nine species (poor criteria), the sapling level amounted to eleven species (moderate criteria), the pole level amounted to two species (very poor criteria), the tree level amounted to 21 species (good criteria), and the bush level amounted to 25 species with good criteria. The potential for fauna diversity in Bukit Batu Ecotourism was very good with a total of 44 species of fauna. Bird species occupied the largest amount of diversity, namely 28 species, of which 9 species were protected fauna.

Facing the phenomenon of the global environmental crisis, environmental tourism or ecotourism is becoming increasingly popular as an alternative approach that is expected to provide conservation and economic benefits in a sustainable manner.Ecotourism is basically a combination of various interests that grow out of environmental, economic and social concerns.Ecotourism cannot be separated from conservation, and therefore ecotourism is also referred to as a form of responsible and environmentally friendly travel.
Sungai Luar Dusun/Hamlet, Tiwingan Baru Village, Aranio Subdistrict, Banjar District is an area included in the Tahura Sultan Adam area, where in this area there is a wealth of natural resources that are very abundant.One of the potential natural resources that adheres to the principle of sustainability is Ecotourism Potential.Bukit Batu's ecotourism potential includes biotic potential such as flora and fauna which certainly has an attraction for tourists.Bukit Batu is a leading ecotourism in Sungai Luar Hamlet.For people who love nature, they may have known for a long time about this Bukit Batu ecotourism.At first, access to Bukit Batu could only be reached by motorboat (kelotok) from Tiwingan Aranio port.But since 2019, the South Kalimantan Provincial Government has begun construction of a freeway whose access crosses Sungai Luar Hamlet, so that the construction of the freeway certainly opens access for the general public to be able to go to Bukit Batu Ecotourism.However, the great potential of Bukit Batu ecotourism still lacks study data on the potential diversity of flora and fauna.For this reason, a more in-depth study is needed to find out the potential diversity of flora and fauna that can be developed, so that the great potential that exists in Sungai Luar Hamlet can be of maximum benefit to the surrounding community, and more importantly to improve environmental sustainability and conservation in a sustainable manner.

METHODS OF RESEARCH
Vegetation data collection in the field was carried out using the Inventory System.This method is carried out with the aim of morphologically recognizing species.This method is carried out by exploring an area.The types found are immediately recorded for the types that have been recognized by the name of the species, or identification is carried out with the help of a plant atlas book or herbarium that has been identified.The inventory system is also carried out by photographing as many plants as possible, then juxtaposed with literature or encyclopedias about fauna in accordance with the type, scientific name, genus and family, while for the identification of plants that are not known, but have been recognized by the world of science, several tools are available, among others (1) asking the identity of unknown plants to local plant taxonomists, (2) matching with herbarium specimens that have been identified, (3) matching with images in the flora or monographs, and (4) using a species identification sheet, which is a picture of a plant species accompanied by the name and classification of the species concerned.
After the initial inventory, the next analysis is to analyze the vegetation with measuring plots using the Path or Transect method as shown in Figure 1.This method can be applied appropriately to analyze the vegetation of a large area and the state of the community is not yet known, and at research locations that vary in altitude, soil and topography.In addition, by applying this method, changes in vegetation in an area will be known due to changes in soil, climate and topography factors.The starting point was set perpendicular to the coastal base line.From the baseline, a 10 m wide path is made as a path for laying tree plots, and then plots can be made on the path as shown in Figure 1.Flora analysis aims to obtain quantitative data on the type or composition and structure of vegetation and obtain quantitative data on the role of species in the ecosystem.The role of each species is usually reflected in several patterns, namely (1) distribution patterns (presented in the form of frequencies or frequency values), (2) patterns of suitability for the combined influence of existing environmental factors (presented in the form of density values), and (3) patterns of the degree of mastery or control over existing environmental factors (presented in the form of dominance values).The next step is to categorize the quality of flora diversity.According to Fandeli (2008), flora environmental quality criteria can be categorized as in Table 1.Inventory methods can be applied in two ways, namely: by direct means (encountering directly in the field) and indirect ways.In accordance with the mobile nature of animals, the more suitable inventory method is the indirect inventory system.Some parameters that can be recorded indirectly include: tracks, droppings, parts, animal sounds, habitat signs, odors left behind and the presence of nests.The bird identifier in this study was a person from the South Borneo Biodiversity Community.For the inventory of fish species, the interview method was used with people who have cages, as well as anglers who use the services of community boats to fishing locations in the Apuai, Kalaan and Paau areas.
According to Fandeli (2001), fauna analysis can be processed with the Index Point of Abundance (IPA) method which aims to record animal populations and is usually used for birds in a semi-quantitative manner.The method begins with determining places to record animal populations randomly in each habitat.The selected places are IPA numbers that become observation points in the observation area.The observation area can be in the forest, rice fields, and residential areas.At a certain IPA number, animals were recorded for 20 minutes.Every type of animal that can be seen or heard for 20 minutes is recorded.After the 20 minutes are up, the recording moves to the next place or IPA number, by doing the same thing, namely recording the types of animals seen or heard for 20 minutes.And so on how to record the types of animals in each IPA number.According to Fandeli (2008), the quality criteria of the fauna environment can be categorized as in Table 2.
To develop ecotourism of Matang Keladan in Sultan Adam Grand Forest Park in South Kalimantan Province, the potential of flora is a strength factor.The forest around the peak of Matang Keladan is overgrown with various floran vegetation which is dominated by keruing/keladan.However, there was a visible threat that was the existence of illegal loggers/illegal logging in that place.The loggers belong to the community, which were only used to make stalls, but this was very contrary to the principles of Conservation Forest set in the Tahura area of Sultan Adam.For this reason, it is necessary to conduct socialization to the public so that they do not exploit vegetation to protect their diversity (Fajarwati et al., 2019).So to develop Gunung Batu ecotourism, it is necessary to preserve and develop the species of flora that was growing at the Gunung Batu ecotourism site.The complete species of flora in Gunung Batu ecotourism can be seen in Table 3. Identification of shrub flora species in the ecotourism site there were 25 species, namely belaran tapah (Merremia peltata), nipon/kirinyu (Eupatorium odoratum), gelagah (Saccharum spontaneum), katu gunung (Sauropus androgynus), urang aring babi (Chromolaena sp.), tapus (Elingera sp.), alalang minyak (Graminae), alalang biasa (Imperata cylindrica), tempukas (Etlingera sp.), litu (Lygodium scandens), sembilikan (Caesalpinia sp.), banglai warik, kekucingan, kakacangan, karamunting (Melastoma affine), rumput patimah (Labisia pumila), paku lumut, belaran kusan/kelambut, bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides), tali gasing dangkak-dangkak, kait-kait (Uncaria acida), anggrek tanah (Spathoglottis), tadungtadung and pancar matahari.

CONCLUSION
The diversity of flora and fauna is a potential natural resource owned by Bukit Batu Ecotourism.The variety of protected bird species and the many species of useful shrubs can be used as a distinctive feature for Bukit Batu Ecotourism so that it can be recognized by the wider community.
The potential diversity of flora from the results of identification at the seedling, sapling, pole and tree levels amounted to fourteen moderate criteria on a scale of 3, the number of useful flora amounted to nine moderate criteria on a scale of 3, and the number of protected flora amounted to zero very bad criteria on a scale of 1.As for shrubs, diversity amounted to twenty-five good criteria on a scale of 4, useful species amounted to twelve good criteria on a scale of 4, and protected species amounted to zero very bad criteria on a scale of 1.
The potential for fauna diversity in Bukit Batu Ecotourism is very good on a scale of 5 with a total of forty-four types of fauna consisting of birds, fish, reptiles, wildlife and insects.Bird species occupy the largest amount of diversity, totaling twenty-eight species, of which nine species are protected fauna.There are six types of beneficial fauna with good criteria on a scale of 4, and nine types of protected fauna with excellent criteria on a scale of 5.
Bukit Batu Ecotourism has excellent ecological potential, especially the diversity of bird species, so that in carrying out its development strategy planning, it must be in harmony with factors that maintain environmental sustainability.Plant planting in the Bukit Batu ecotourism area, which lacks fertile soil, requires innovation and further research in order to increase the success rate of plant growth.There needs to be synergy between all stakeholders in the development of Bukit Batu ecotourism in an integrated and sustainable manner, including Tahura Sultan Adam as the manager, the surrounding community as the affected object, as well as visitors and private parties who can invest in the Bukit Batu ecotourism area.

Table 1 -
Flora Environmental Quality Criteria

Table 2 -
Fauna Environment Quality Criteria

Table 3 -
Plant species at the research site Source: Premary Data, 2022.

Table 4 -
Species of shrub flora in the Gunung Batu ecotourism site Source: Primary data, 2022.

Table 5 -
Useful flora at Bukit Batu ecotourism site