FARMER’S PERCEPTIONS ON ORGANIC RICE PLANT FARMING SRI (SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION) METHOD AND ITS RELATION TO THE INCOME

This study aims to (1) To measure farmers' perceptions and problems faced in the application of SRI organic rice farming in Sumber Suko Village, Belitang District, East OKU Regency, (2) To calculate the income of rice farmers applying the SRI method in Sumber Suko Village, Belitang District East OKU, and (3) To analyze the relationship of perceptions of rice farmers with farming income in Sumber Suko Village, Belitang District, East OKU Regency. This research was conducted in Sumber Suko Village, Belitang District, East OKU Regency. Site selection is purposive. Data collection was conducted in October 2018 to completion. The research method used in this study is the Survey Method. This study took 32 samples from 115 populations. Determination of the number of samples used in this study is the Slovin formula. The results showed that (1) Farmers' perceptions of organic rice farming SRI method (System of Rice Intensification) are included in the medium category with an average score of 6.93, (2) Farmers' income in rice farming activities in Sumber Suko Village, Belitang District average of Rp. 30,313,034 / lg / yr, (3) Based on the results of the analysis using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient statistical test obtained, z count > z table is 2.72 > 1.96 which means that the decision taken is reject Ho, meaning there is a positive relationship between the perceptions of farmers and organic rice farming income.

Food security is defined as the condition of fulfilling food for households or adequate food availability. Food availability is not enough to guarantee food security because it is not certain that the community can access food properly. Food should be fulfilled with quantity and quality so that quality and food safety are important in maintaining food security. Food safety trends are a concern in the food industry and impact on the development of organic food, which comes from local potential and is safe for consumption (Kusnandar et al., 2013).
Along with the times, people in the world care about the problems of agriculture and the global environment. In recent years, this concern has increased so that efforts to produce food appear without damaging the land, water and air resources. One of the efforts implemented is the development of organic agriculture or known as environmentally friendly agriculture and healthy food producers. However, the technology of organic agriculture began to be abandoned by farmers in the era of green revolution. Farmers apply intensification by utilizing agrochemical materials. Successes that occur have a negative impact due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides continuously. This will threaten the life of the agricultural world if it is not repaired. The emergence of disturbed environmental and ecosystem problems has caused the technology of organic agriculture to be taken into account again. Awareness of the dangers of using chemicals in agricultural business certainly changes the mind of the community to carry out organic farming activities (Sutanto, 2002).
The standard of living of an increasing community will realize the importance of living a quality life. Information that is easy to obtain and open can broaden people's minds. Society changes the pattern of life by choosing healthy, natural and quality food products. This is what can underlie the occurrence or emergence of organic farming systems (Andoko, 2008).
Organic is a labeling term that states that a product has been produced in accordance with organic production standards and is certified by an authorized certification institution.
Organic farming practices do not guarantee that the product is completely free of chemical residues. This is caused by environmental pollution such as motor vehicle fumes, factories, and water. One of the way that can be done is to use land far from the factory or industrial area. The main purpose of organic farming is to improve and fertilize the condition of the land and maintain the balance of the ecosystem. Its land resources and fertility are maintained and enhanced through the biological activities of the land itself, namely by utilizing crop residues, livestock manure, and green manure (Sriyanto, 2010).
Through the SRI method, the ecological cycle will take place well because it uses soil microorganisms naturally. Soil fertility is returned so that the ecological cycle takes place well by utilizing soil microorganisms as providers of metabolite products for plant nutrition. Ecosystem balance and environmental sustainability will be created and maintained properly. In addition, the products produced from this method are healthier and safer to consume because they are free from harmful chemicals. The consumption of organic food has become a trend in recent years. People who have switched to consuming organic products are a concern for health. Rice produced from organic planting is becoming increasingly sought after by consumers. Organic rice not only has good taste quality, but can be healthy. Production costs can be reduced and rice cultivation with the use of SRI is proven to increase production to double, namely 4-5 tons / ha to 8 -12 tons / ha. The benefits will be doubled (Purwasasmita, 2014).
South Sumatra Province is one of the provinces with a large potential to contribute to the agricultural sector including paddy. In 2018 the rice harvest area in South Sumatra in the January -September period was 478,203 hectares. By calculating the potential until December 2018, the harvested area in 2018 is 513,209 hectares (BPS Sumatera Selatan, 2018). East OKU Regency is the largest rice producing area in South Sumatra Province, supported by technical irrigation channels and there are rainfed rice fields that are able to irrigate most of the rice fields in this region. Thus, East OKU Regency, which has technical irrigation facilities that have been arranged in such a way, East OKU continues to add or expand areas of rice fields every year, both technical rice fields and rainfed rice fields. East OKU as one of the largest rice producing districts in South Sumatra has looked at the development of organic rice. Although few farmers are interested in growing organic rice compared to inorganic farmers, but not inhibiting organic rice can be developed in this district. The East OKU Regency Government through agricultural extension workers promoted and developed an organic rice cultivation system. Government efforts that need to be carried out in the context of agricultural development are encouraging farmers to apply the SRI method, namely optimizing the management of crops, land, water and fertilizer. The expected results from the implementation of SRI farming are improving the critical land and increasing farmers' income. Based on the description above, the authors are interested in analyzing farmers' perceptions and the problems faced in implementing organic rice farming SRI method (System of Rice Intensification) and the relationship between perceptions with farming income in Sumber Suko Village Belitang Subdistrict, East Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. Based on the formulation of the problem above, this study aims as follows: measuring farmers' perceptions and the problems faced in the application of SRI organic rice farming in Sumber Suko Village Belitang Subdistrict East OKU Regency; calculating the income of organic rice farming in the SRI method in Sumber Suko Village Belitang Subdistrict East OKU Regency; analyzing the relationship between perceptions of farmers and the income of organic rice farming in Sumber Suko Village, Belitang District, East OKU Regency.
The results of this study are expected to have the use of providing information and knowledge to all parties who need and provide literature for further research.

METHODS OF RESEARCH
This research was conducted in Sumber Suko Village, Belitang District, East OKU Regency. The selection of this location was chosen purposively or deliberately with the consideration that in Sumber Suko Village the majority of the population worked as rice farmers and some members of the Combined Farmers Group (Gapoktan) sought organic rice cultivation using the SRI method. Data collection at the location of this study will be held in October 2018 -October 2019.
The method used in this study is the survey method. The survey method is a research method that takes samples from the population that represent an overall description of population characteristics using questionnaires as a tool for collecting basic data from direct interviews with rice farmers organically using the SRI method in Sumber Suko Village Belitang Subdistrict East OKU Regency. The sampling method used in this study is the Purposive Method Sampling by taking a sample that seeks organic rice in Sumber Suko Village to 115 rice farmers populations. Farmers sampled 32 people using the Slovin formula as follows.
Data collected in this study consisted of two types of data, namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data in the form of farmers' perceptions and organic rice farming income were obtained from observations by making direct observations about business activities carried out and other things that support the implementation of research. Data collection in this way is assisted by using a questionnaire containing lists of questions that are relevant to the research objectives. Secondary data was obtained through literature studies, namely reviewing the publication of data from the field, the Central Statistics Agency, the results of research and other literature related to this research.
Data obtained from the field will be analyzed by tabulation and then analyzed mathematically and described descriptively, namely by describing the data obtained in the field in the form of a systematic description. To answer the first goal, namely measuring farmers and problems faced in the application of SRI organic rice farming in Sumber Suko Village, Belitang Subdistrict East OKU Regency, Likert scale method was used. Data is measured by five indicators, namely relative benefits, level of suitability, level of complexity, level of ease seen from the results, and knowledge. The five indicators each have three statements. Each statement was given a score of 3 for good criteria, score 2 for medium criteria, and score 1 for bad criteria. To answer the second goal, which is calculating the farming income of rice farmers who apply the SRI method in Sumber Suko Village, Belitang District, East OKU Regency. Farming income is the difference between revenue and production costs. To answer the third goal, namely, analyzing the relationship between perceptions of farmers and rice farming income, Rank Spearman correlation analysis was used. The Spearman Rank correlation formula is as follows: Where: = Spearman correlation coefficient; n = Number of sample; di = Difference in rank for each observation R(xi) and R(yi); R = Ranking of data values, both for X and Y; Tx = The same number of x variables; Ty = The same number of y variables.
Spearman Rank Correlation can be calculated using SPSS with the following decision rules: R sig. > α (n) = Reject Ho; R sig.  α (n) = Accept Ho.
The meaning:  Accept Ho: There is no relationship between the perceptions of farmers and rice farming income;  Reject Ho: There is a relationship between the perceptions of farmers and rice farming income.

RESULTS OF STUDY
Farmers 'perceptions of organic rice farming in the SRI method (System Rice of Intensification) in Sumber Suko Village, Belitang District, East OKU Regency were measured based on farmers' assessment of activities related to organic rice farming. Farmers' perceptions of organic rice farming using the SRI method were measured by five indicators, namely relative benefits, level of suitability, complexity, ease of viewing of results, and knowledge. The results of perceptual measurements will be explained by each indicator.
Relative profit means the level of innovation that can be accepted by farmers and is seen as better than the previous technology seen in terms of the economy with the aim of making a profit. Farmers 'perceptions of relative profits were assessed by saving the cost of seeds, fertilizers, labor, and pesticides on the SRI method, saving time, and increasing farmers' income because the selling price of GKP was higher. In Table 1 shown the results of analysis of farmers' perceptions of relative benefits. Based on Table 1. Farmers' perceptions of the indicator of relative profit are included in the good criteria with a score of 6.94, meaning that the relative profits are obtained by farmers. In the measurement component of the organic SRI method provides savings in seed, fertilizer, labor, and pesticide costs, there are 75.00 percent of respondents agree with the statement so that it has a score of 2.75 with good criteria. This can be seen from the differences in the use of organic and non-organic rice production facilities. On the components of the organic SRI method, it saves more time, there are 59.38 percent of respondents who are neutral about the statement so that they get a score of 2.03 with the criteria being moderate. This means that the time needed by farmers is the same as conventional farming methods. The organic SRI method does not require time to spray pesticides. In the measurement component of farmer income increases because the selling price of grain is higher there are 71.88 percent of respondents neutral to the statement so it is categorized as being moderate with a score of 2.22. This means that farmers' income does not increase when viewed in terms of price and amount of production. When viewed from the price, organic rice grain is sold at a higher price than conventional rice grain method. Although the selling price is higher, the amount of organic rice production in Sumber Suko Village is lower than non-organic / conventional rice.
The level of conformity means that the level of innovation is seen as consistent with existing socio-cultural values, past experiences, and farmers' needs. Farmers' perceptions of the level of conformity were assessed based on the suitability of SRI rice cultivation with the living environment, the application of the SRI method must change existing habits, and the SRI method according to the needs of the community / farmer. In Table 2. shown the results of the analysis of farmers' perceptions of the level of conformity. Based on Table 2. farmers' perceptions of the level of conformity are included in the good criteria with a score of 7.66, meaning that the application of the organic SRI method is in accordance with the conditions of the area of residence and the condition of farmers in Sumber Suko Village. In the measurement component of the organic SRI method it is suitable to be applied in the neighborhood where there are 90.63 percent of respondents agree to the statement so that they get a score of 2.91 with good criteria. Sumber Suko Village has an organic area. Farmers who apply organic rice farming have adjacent rice fields so that they are not polluted by the use of chemicals in non-organic farming.
In the components of the application of the SRI method must change the habits of farmers there are 53.13 percent of respondents agreed to the statement so that the score of 2.41 with good criteria. This means that farmers have adapted to the environment and are willing to change habits that have been done before, such as the habit of using chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Farmers use their own compost and liquid organic fertilizer (POC). The components of the SRI method according to the needs of the community / farmer, there are 53.13 percent of respondents agree with the statement so that they have a score of 2.34 with the criteria being moderate. When viewed in terms of quality, the SRI method is in accordance with the needs because the community needs safe and healthy food consumption. When viewed in terms of quantity, the SRI method currently does not produce high production compared to conventional methods. Smaller amounts are only used by farmers to meet their needs, not enough to sell.
The level of complexity means the level of innovation that is considered difficult to understand and use. Perception of farmers on the level of complexity assessed based on the SRI method is easier to implement than conventional methods, does not require special skills in its application, and is more practical than conventional methods. In Table 3. shown the results of analysis of farmers' perceptions of the level of complexity.  Table 3 farmers' perceptions of complexity level indicators are included in the medium criteria with a total score of 5.07, meaning that farmers find it difficult to implement the SRI method because farmers consider that the application of this method requires special skills. In the measurement component of the SRI method easier to implement than the conventional method there are 62.50 percent of respondents neutral to the statement so that the score is 1.78 with the criteria being. The complexity of applying the SRI method is in terms of irrigation and fertilization. Irrigation is more complicated because there must be flooding and drying of land at certain ages. Fertilization is more complicated because farmers have to make organic fertilizers and organic pesticides themselves. Then, transporting manure to a location or rice field which is located quite far away. The measurement component in the SRI method does not require special skills in its application. There are 50.00 percent of respondents disagreeing with the statement so that it has a score of 1.66 with poor criteria, meaning that farmers need to have skills. The application of the organic SRI method requires skills in making solid and liquid organic fertilizers, as well as vegetable pesticides. If you do not have these skills, then the farmer does not have enough input. In the measurement component of the SRI method is more practical than the conventional method, there are 53.12 percent of respondents neutral to the statement so that it has a score of 1.63 with a bad category. This is due to the flooding and drying of the land, the making of organic fertilizers and organic pesticides and the need to plant seeds if there are seeds that die because only one seed is planted.
The level of ease seen from the results is the result of the innovation can be seen or felt by farmers. Farmers' perceptions of the level of ease seen from the results were assessed based on rice growth, quality of harvested dry grain, and rice production produced in one planting season. In Table 4. shown the results of analysis of farmers' perceptions of the level of ease seen from the results. Based on Table 4 farmers' perceptions of the level of ease indicators seen from the results are included in the good criteria with a score of 7.19, meaning that plant growth is healthier and better than conventional methods. In the measurement component of the organic SRI method, it is apparent that rice plants are healthier and growth is better, there are 96.87 percent of respondents agreeing to the statement so that it has a score of 2.97 with good criteria. This shows that plant growth is healthier because it does not use chemicals in rice cultivation. The SRI method component of crop quality is better than conventional there are 59.38 percent of respondents agree to the statement so that it has a score of 2.59 with good criteria. This means that the quality of the crop (Dry Grain Harvest) is denser than the conventional method. In the component of rice production (grain) produced in one planting season higher with the SRI method there are 62.50 percent of respondents agreed to the statement. The score obtained is 1.94 with medium criteria. Farmers are of the opinion that the number of seedlings planted is only one stem at the beginning of planting without using chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the production is not high compared to conventional methods.
Knowledge means that all information available and provided to farmers so that the implementation of the SRI method of organic rice farming runs smoothly. Farmers' perceptions of knowledge are assessed based on information obtained by farmers, availability of sources of information, and communication of farmers in other villages. In Table 5 shown the results of analysis of farmers' perceptions of knowledge. Based on Table 5. Farmers' perceptions of knowledge indicators are included in the good criteria with a score of 7.50, meaning that farmers already have the understanding and availability of information about the organic SRI method. In the measurement component, farmers know that the SRI method of rice cultivation all respondents or 100.00 percent agreed to the statement so that they have a score of 3.00 with good criteria. This shows that farmers already know about organic rice cultivation using the SRI method. Farmers get good information so that they carry out farming in accordance with standard operating procedures (SOP). In the component about the availability of information sources of rice cultivation with the SRI pattern there are 90.63 respondents agreeing to the statement so that the score is 2.91 with good criteria. This means that the source of information is available in Sumber Suko Village and can be obtained by farmers well. Information about cultivation has been given by the chairman of the farmer group to all members. If the farmer wants to know the organic rice cultivation method of the SRI, then the farmer can read the SOP that has been given by the head of Gapoktan. In the measurement component of farmers interacting with farmers in other villages there were 53.12 percent of respondents not agreeing to the statement. The score obtained is 1.59 in the bad category. This means that farmer communication is not good because farmers are hesitant about the organic SRI method to increase rice production. If farmers can communicate well, farmers will get experience that can be used as a lesson and add insight.
Based on the five indicators outlined, the number of farmers' perceptions of organic rice farming in the SRI (System Rice of Intensification) method in Sumber Suko Village obtained a score of 6.93, meaning that overall perceptions of farmers on organic rice farming in the SRI method were included in the criteria. This proves that the opinions or perceptions of farmers on organic rice farming in the SRI method bring a little better change in farming activities. In Table 6. It can be seen the number of farmer perceptions of the SRI method of organic rice farming in Sumber Suko Village. Three indicators of perception are the level of conformity, the level of ease seen from the results, and knowledge already has good criteria. While the level of relative profit and complexity is still in the medium category. Farmers' perceptions of the indicator of relative profit in general are quite good because the SRI method provides savings in the costs of seeds, fertilizers, labor, and pesticides. However, farmers do not agree that the SRI method saves more time than conventional methods. Farmers need intensive time to control the rice fields, especially in irrigation. Farmer income does not increase because organic rice production is lower than conventional methods. In addition, there are problems in marketing organic rice. The inhibition of marketing occurs because people prefer ordinary rice at a price lower than organic. Thus, farming revenues are also hampered due to non-current marketing. The farmer's perception of the conformity indicator is good. The living environment has supported organic rice cultivation and farmers have adapted to changing habits. When viewed from the needs of the community, farmers disagree with the SRI method of organic rice farming. This is related to less organic rice production. Farmers argue that less production is only enough for consumption and not enough for sale.
Farmers' perception of complexity has a moderate category. Farmers argue that the SRI method requires special skills in its application. Farmers plant young seedlings for less than 14 days. Younger planted seeds have the potential to produce a number of tillers. In addition, farmers are not used to planting one seed per planting hole. This requires skills for farmers who apply the SRI method. Farmers also argue that the SRI method is not practical because the input used is obtained by making it yourself. The dependence of farmers on chemical fertilizers and pesticides causes farmers to think that chemical fertilizers and pesticides are easier to obtain than having to make them themselves. Farmers' perceptions of the SRI method are seen from the level of ease of view the results are generally good. Farmers state that with the SRI method the plants are healthier and grain quality is better. Most farmers stated that rice production (grain) produced in one planting season was lower. Farmers think that the use of chemical fertilizers makes the conventional rice production method higher. Farmers' perception of knowledge in general is good. Farmers have learned about organic rice cultivation because information sources are available for farmers. However, farmers do not communicate with other farmers who use the SRI method in other villages. Most farmers only communicate with farmers in the village. Farmers in Sumber Suko Village need to communicate with farmers in other villages to add insight so that the resulting production increases and the marketing of organic rice is not hampered.
Production costs are costs incurred by farmers during rice farming activities in the form of goods or services during the rice farming production process. In this study the cost of rice production was calculated in two planting seasons (kg/lg/yr). Production costs are the sum of fixed costs and variable costs, based on calculations obtained by the average production costs incurred by farmers during the planting season amounting to Rp.8,912,969 per cultivated area per two planting seasons. For more details about variable costs and fixed costs are explained in the sub-section below.
Total production costs represent the total amount of costs incurred by the farmer which includes the amount of fixed costs consisting of depreciation costs of tools and variable costs in rice farming activities carried out during the rice growing season. In Table 7. the details of the amount of the cost of producing rice farming are shown. Revenue is the amount of crop production multiplied by the selling price of rice. Acceptance in this study is all income received by farmers for one year or during the rice growing season which is calculated and multiplied by the sales price per kilogram in the form of harvested dry grain (GKP). Sumber Suko village produced an average rice production obtained by farmers amounting to 7,709.38 kilograms per cultivated area per two planting seasons with a selling price of grain which was Rp. 5,100 per kilogram of harvested dry grain. Furthermore, the grain produced is directly sold to Gapoktan Sumber Makmur.
The income of rice farming is the difference between farm income and the amount of production costs used during the rice growing season. The income of rice farming is influenced by the size of the income and production costs. The greater the acceptance and the smaller the production costs, the higher the income obtained by farmers, the smaller the revenue and the greater the production costs incurred, the lower the income obtained by farmers. In Table 8 shown the details of the income of rice farming in Sumber Suko Village. The large amount of revenue is influenced by the high selling price of organic rice grain. While the production costs consisting of depreciation costs and variable costs incurred by farmers are quite low. The small production costs are influenced by variable costs such as fertilizers and pesticides obtained at low prices because farmer groups in the village can make it themselves. Thus, the average net income received by farmers from organic rice farming for two planting seasons is IDR 30,313,034 per cultivated area per year with a percentage of 70.69 percent. The income of rice farming in this study is said to be net profit after the proceeds of sales received are reduced by the amount of production costs consisting of depreciation costs and variable costs incurred by farmers during the rice production process activities.
As for analyzing the relationship of perceptions of farmers assessed based on five indicators, namely relative benefits, level of suitability, level of complexity, level of ease seen from the results, and knowledge with rice farming income using statistical tests Spearman correlation. The research that has been done on the relationship of perceptions of farmers with farming income was analyzed using Spearman rank correlation coefficient test ( ) and the correlation coefficient was 0.489. Decision rules in research with n = 32 or number of samples> 30, then find the value of z count first, the calculated z value obtained is 2.72. The decision rule in research with n> 30 is to compare the z value with the z table value. The results of z table calculation are obtained from the error rate (α) 5 percent or 0.05 and the results are 1.96. Based on the results of the calculation obtained the value of z count is 2.72> z table is 1.96, then the decision rejects Ho and accept Ha. This means that there is a positive relationship between the perceptions of farmers and rice farming income.
Based on the calculations obtained, the count is 0.489 to interpret the closeness of the relationship between perceptions and income of organic rice farming in Sumber Suko Village, Belitang District, East Ogan Komering Ulu Regency that 0.40 -0.699 has a moderate correlation. This means that the level of the relationship between the perceptions of farmers and farming income has a fairly strong relationship. This shows that good or bad perceptions of farmers on organic rice farming SRI method can affect the high or low income of organic rice farming in the village. The success of SRI organic rice cultivation is measured based on five indicators, namely relative benefits, environmental suitability, complexity, level of ease, and knowledge of the farmers. If farmers' perceptions of all these indicators have a good category, then the farmers succeed in applying the SRI method well and can reduce the problems that arise beforehand so that farming income can increase. The better the perception of farmers, the higher farm income. High income will affect farmers to accept changes and implement new methods in farming activities.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research conducted in Sumber Suko Village, Belitang District, East OKU Regency, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) Farmers' perceptions of organic rice farming SRI (System Rice of Intensification) method are based on five indicators, namely relative benefits, level of suitability, complexity, ease of view from the results, and knowledge included in the criteria with an average score of 6.93.
3) Based on the results of the analysis using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient test with n = 32 obtained count of 0.489 with z count value which is 2.72 > z table which is 1.96 means that there is a positive relationship between the perceptions of farmers and rice farming income in Sumber Village Suko Belitang Subdistrict East OKU Regency.
The recommendations that can be given for this research are as follows: 1) For farmers, farmers should be able to adapt to the surrounding environment, care about environmental health, and apply the knowledge that has been obtained so that rice yields can be increased and rice farming activities get better.
2) For related institutions, it should help farmers to find good market information so that the marketing of organic rice is not hampered and evaluate farming activities so that farmers can correct errors in organic rice cultivation.
3) For the next researcher can examine the relationship between perceptions of organic rice farming with internal characteristics using other methods so that the results of the study can be better.