THE CHILDREN’S LANGUAGE SKILL OF INDONESIA AND JAVANESE

Javanese is the language of the Javanese people in Java, Indonesia. Various languages that affect the lifestyle of the Javanese people such as Indonesia (as the national language), English and other languages that are considered as popular, makes anyone who speaks Javanese is considered as old-fashioned. The ability in using Javanese language is annihilated by time, so that makes Javanese language is possible to extinct. This research examines the ability in using Javanese language among the children in growing age, evidenced by the ability to tell stories in two languages, which are Indonesia and Javanese. A descriptive-qualitative method is conducted to analyze the ability to telling a story by the children, 11 years old, in two languages; Indonesia and Javanese language. The results of this research note that the ability in using Indonesia is higher than in Javanese language, also the ability of a girl is higher than a boy. The discussion of language skills include the number of simple sentences, complex sentences, grammatical errors and borrowing words which are found from storytelling in two languages by boy and girl as respondents. From the data, the results, even though the children live in Java and have Javanese language as their mother tongue, the ability to use Javanese language is weaker than the ability to use Indonesia as the national language.


INTRODUCTION
Early childhood is the time when children imitate the things around, including language skills.The statement is in line with the phrase stated by Yus (2011, p.5): "The golden age of development is the early age as a critical moment in the developmental range".One aspect of development that can be optimized in early childhood is the development of children's language such as the ability to speak.Children at an early age should be given a variety of stimuli so that the children can learn the language and develop the ability to speak properly.Conversely, if children do not get enough language stimulation at an early age, children will have difficulty in learning it.Language has a very important contribution in the life of every individual.Almost in every activity in the life of an individual is cannot be separated from aspects of speaking and using a language, even among children.With the language expression through speech, children can express their thoughts, feelings and expressions.With the language, children also can socialize with the people around them.Moreover, language is the identity of the people who use it.Children who are accustomed to a bilingual or multilingual environment will also imitate.This ability is obtained gradually in sequence start from the ability to listen, speak, read, and write.
Those four language abilities have interrelationships with one another.The first ability to use a language is the ability to listen, this ability is learned first by children in accordance with the mother tongue.In this case if the mother tongue is Javanese language, then the first language is the Javanese language, and the second is Indonesia.When the child is able to listen, the child will begin to express it through words and enter the stage of ability to speak.Once the child has the ability to speak, then the child will come to the next stage, which is the ability to read.After that, the last stage in getting the language ability is the ability of children in processing words through writing.In relation to the language aspect, the ability to speak to children is the most important thing in a child's life.Children will socialize well if the ability to speak is good.Children who raised in families who use more than one language, the language skill development is faster than those who use only one language because children are accustomed to use variety of languages.Therefore, that ability develops from an early age.This is in line with the statement by Susanto (2012, p.76) "preschoolers (3-5 years old) are able to make complete sentences."In addition to making full sentences, kindergartenage children already have the ability to express opinions or tell and describe a picture.If children of kindergartens are able to get the ability to speak, so that the ability to speak is developed with the ability to tell the story of children aged 11 years using the visual media such as picture.Based on that statement, the problem of this study are: 1.How is the ability of 11 years old children to tell a story in Indonesian by using picture as a media?2. How is the ability of 11 years old children to tell a story Javanese language by using picture as a media?Based on the problems of the study, this study aims to: 1. Describe the ability to tell the story using Indonesian with the picture as the media by 11 years old children.2. Describe the ability to tell the story using Javanese language with the picture as the media by 11 years old children.

Bureaucracy
The storytelling method is one of the methods that can develop the language ability of the children.Through the application of the storytelling method, it can develop the potential of children's language skills through hearing and then able to relay it with the aim to train the child in conversation to convey ideas in oral form.According to Isjoni (2011: 90-91) the purpose of the storytelling method is to help and develop children's fantasies, language skill, and the moral values of children.
The media used in this research is a picture that has a story in it.According to Davindo (in Sarwono 2012, p. 1) the picture is a game, as long as it is not forced, it should be able to entertain the maker.In addition, the picture reveals many realities in life.The picture is a dream on paper, which raises both conscious and unconscious desires.A picture is a fact of the child's mind, at a certain moment encourages him to draw.Meanwhile, according to Moeslichatoen (2004, pp. 157), he revealed that storytelling is one of providing learning experiences for children by bringing stories to children orally.Therefore, the picture as the media to tell the story is a combination of the words pictures and become a medium that can be used in a learning to stimulate children and provide learning experiences, especially the experience of speaking for children that is suitable with their desires.

RESEARCH METHOD
The method used in this research is a qualitative method that describes the ability of 11 years old children in story telling by using two languages namely Indonesia and Javanese language.The subjects of the research are 11-years-old boy and girl named Raffadin (boy) and Raya (girl).They grow up in an environment that uses Indonesia and Javanese language.
The data in this research is in the form of transcripts recorded from the story tellings of two children in two languages.The media used is a picture book "Frog, Where are You?".The data collection techniques is recording the storytelling delivered by the children.The assessment of the research instrument including the ability of children to tell stories from the Erudio (Journal of Educational Innovation), 5(2), December 2018 e-ISSN: 2549-8673, p-ISSN : 2302 -884X picture provided in two languages; Indonesia and Javanese language.Meanwhile, the aspects that will be discussed are; number of sentences produced, number of simple sentences, complex sentences consists of two clauses, and complex sentences consist of more than two clauses, a grammatical error (such as incomplete sentences and selection vocabulary), also borrowing words from other languages.The data that have been obtained are classified, analyzed, and then summarized.

RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Based on the recording, here are the following findings that made in the form of transcripts (see appendix) of the boy"s (Pa) records in both languages, then the recording transcripts of the girl"s (Pi) in both languages.From the table 1, it shows the number of sentences generated by the girl"s (putri) higher than the boy"s (putra) and the number of sentences in Javanese language produced by the girl is higher than the boy"s.The example of the sentence is generated as follows.(Pi.BI).Tak lama, mereka pun mengantuk dan memutuskan untuk tidur./ Later on, they are sleepy and decide to go to sleep.
(Pi.BJ).Ora suwi, Dheweke ngantuk lan kepingin turu Complex sentences consist of more than two clauses (Pa.BI).Rusa berlari dan anjing Joko mengejar rusa karena di kepala rusa ada Joko / The deer ran away and Joko"s dog was chasing after the deer because Joko was on the deer"s head.
(Pa.BJ).No data (Pi.BI).Dimalam hari di kamar tidur ada seorang anak yang bernama Dimas, ditemani hewan peliharannya yaitu seekor anjing bernama Bleki dan seekor katak yang Dimas panggil dengan sebutan Froggy./ In one evening in a bedroom, there was a boy named Dimas, along with his pets which was a dog named Bleki and a frog that Dimas called it as Froggy.

Grammatical Error
In grammatical error, Pa (boy) has many grammatical error, compare with Pi (girl) who does not do any grammatical error.Here are the sentences including grammatical errors. (Pa.BI).
2. Lebah di sarang keluar dari sarang./ Bee in the nest came out from the nest.
In the sentence (1) ...... berusaha menggoyangkan,.......goyang (…… tries to shake……shaky), there is repetition in the word goyang or shake.So does in sentence (2) Lebah di sarang, keluar dari sarang (the bees in the nest come out from the nest) there is repetition.Therefore, this repetition causes an ambiguity.There is grammatical error in sentence (1) in the repetition of the word bolongan or hole so that it seems there are too many repetitions and there is no variation.Then in sentences (2) ...arepe menek wit nang batang'e...... (….climbed the tree that in the stem…).In this case, the word batang is used to name the part of the tree and this is interference from Bahasa Indonesia.To correct this sentence, the word batang'e replace with wit'e so that it will be equivalent.

Word choice/Borrowing
From the data, the diction or borrowing occurs in storytelling using Javanese language where there are words in Bahasa Indonesia are used while speaking in Javanese language.The are four words-borrowing from Pa(boy) and three from Pi(girl), these are the following sentences.

Joko lan kewan piaraan kirik sing jenenge Doni. / Joko and his pet named Doni
In sentence (1) toples or a jar is borrowing from Bahasa Indonesia.In Javanese language, the correct word is lodong.Also in sentence (2), piaraan or pet is borrowing from Bahasa Indonesia.The correct word is ingonan.
(Pi BJ) 1. Ing sawijining dina ing kamar ana anak sing jenenge Dimas, dikancani kewane yaiku kirik jenenge Bleki lan kodok sing karo Dimas diceluk Froggy./ In one evening in a bedroom, there was a boy named Dimas, along with his pets which was a dog named Bleki and a frog that Dimas called it as Froogy 2. Froggy kabur saka toples amarga toplese ora diwenehi tutup karo Dimas./ Froggy tried to escape from the jar because the jar was not sealed by Dimas.
In sentence (1) the italic words Bleki and Froggy comes from English Black and Frog.Then in sentence (2) toplese or the jar is similar with the word in Bahasa Indonesia.It turns out that the word lodong is not familiar for the children.

CONCLUSION
From the transcript data of the recording from storytelling by 11 years old boy and girl in Indonesia and Javanese language, it can be concluded that, 1.The number of sentences produced from storytelling in Indonesia and Javanese language by the girl is higher than the boy does.2. The boy tends to produce many simple sentences and complex sentences consist of two clauses, compares to the girl.3. The girl uses many complex sentences consist of more than two clauses, compare to the boy.4. The boy does more grammatical errors compare to the the girl. 5. Word choice or borrowing often used more by the boy than the girl does.The interesting thing is that the girl uses borrowing from English.6.From the data, it is known that the boy is more capable in using Indonesia rather than Javanese language to tell a story, meanwhile the girl is more capable in using Javanese language rather than Indonesia.7. The ability of the girl to socialize toward her environment is stronger than the boy.11.Tiba-tiba sarang lebah jatuh dan semua lebah keluar dari sarang tersebut.
Suddenly the bee nest fell and all the bees came out from the nest.
Joko climbed the tree that in the stem there was a hole 13.Jokopun terjatuh dari pohon karena terkejut ada seekor burung hantu yang mengagetkannya.
And Joko fell from the tree because he surprised when there was an owl which surprised him.
Joko saw a big rock and there was a branch on its top.
Joko stood up while he was holding the branch.Joko fell and landed in deer's head.The deer ran away and Joko's dog was chasing after the deer because Joko was on the deer's head.
Near the river, they heard the frog's voice not far from the branch.They surprised because the frog they were looking for had a family.And in the end, the frog came back to Joko and his dog was very happy because finally they found the frog.

Transcript in Javanese Language
Subject: Raffadin Omar Iman (11 years old)
In evening, there was a boy named Joko and his dog named Doni.
They were happy because they were watching a frog in a jar.
They felt sleepy and decided to go to sleep early.The frog tried to escape from the jar and he finally escaped.
In the morning, they surprised because the frog was not there anymore like yesterday

5.Dhewe e ngolek kodok e
He was looking for the frog
They were looking for the frog in the woods.
Joko saw the hole and came closer to the hole.
The dog saw the bee nest and thought that the frog they were looking for is in the bee nest.
Joko surprised because there was a squirrel which the smell is bad 13.Joko nutupi irunge amargo keambuan bajing.
Joko covered his nose because the squirrel's odor.
His dog wanted to push the tree so the bee nest will move Inside the woods, they saw a hole in the ground and the tree, and a bee nest.Dimas and Bleki thought Froggi might be in there.
They tried to observe, Dimas were looking in the hole, while Bleki tried the bee nest.He thought in the bee nest, there was the frog that they were looking for, that it might be in here.
Because of Bleki, the bee nest felt and all the bees came out from the nest and started to chase him, while Dimas was curious then climbed a tree where there was a hole in it.Dimas fell from the tree because he surprised when saw an owl which shocked him.The owl took Dimas into the big rock.But he confused because Bleki was not around.He tries to climb the rock while yelled.Unintentionally, he touched the branch which turned out to be a deer's horn.And then, the deer ran away with Dimas and his dog tries to catch him.
"Where are we going?" cried Dimas.Bleki was barking to make the deer let Dimas go.In the edge of mountain side, the deer dropped Dimas and Bleki also fell down.
Fortunately, the deer dropped Dimas into the river along with Bleki.He heard indistinct sound from the riverside.And then Dimas and Bleki came near to the source of the sound.Before that, Dimas said "Shhh, Bleki, be quite…!".They saw behind the trunk and found Froggy together with his family.Dimas was begging for the Froggy to come home with him, and he also remember to say goodbye with the frog's family.Dimas and Bleki were very happy because they finally met the frog."Where are we going?" cried Dimas.Bleki was barking to make the deer let Dimas go.In the edge of mountain side, the deer dropped Dimas and Bleki also fell down.
Fortunately, the deer dropped Dimas into the river along with Bleki.He heard indistinct sound from the riverside.And then Dimas and Bleki came near to the source of the sound.Before that, Dimas said "Shhh, Bleki, be quite…!".They saw behind the trunk and found Froggy together with his family.Dimas was begging for the Froggy to come home with him, and he also remember to say goodbye with the frog's family.Dimas and Bleki were very happy because they finally met the frog.