IMPROVING THE STUDENTS ’ SPEAKING ABILITY OF ENGLISH COURSES BY USING OF DESCRIBING OBJECT TECHNIQUE

The objective of this research was to know whether the Describing objecs Technique can improve students’ speaking ability effektively. The method of this research was quantitative approach. The instruments of the research were test items, observation sheet,. The test item consist of pre test and post test. The pretest was given to find out the ability of the students before they were given treatment, the posttest was given to find out the ability of the students after they were given treatment. Both of the pretest and post-test in the form of an oral test. The subject of the study was 15 students of Dena English Courses at Batu. The data of this research were collected by giving pre-test, observation, post-test. The collected data were noted and analyzed by using several statistics formulas. The results of data analysis showed that: Standard deviation of the result of average score was 14.4. The mean score of pretest was 36,2. The mean score of posttest was 49.7. The mean score from the pre –test and post-test was 13.5. And the result of t observation (tO) of the test was 3.6. At the degree of significance 5% = 2,14. The result is 2,14 < 3.6. Based on the data analysis above, the writer concluded that the increasing is significant at each language factor. Its meant that the describing objects technique has significance effect to improve the students’ speaking ability. And if the teacher frequent to use this technique, the students’ ability of speaking must be better


Language
as a tool of communication has an important rule for human life and it is used as a medium to interact with one another, to fulfil their daily need.One of the language in the world is English.English as a important part as a means of international communication.We know that there are four aspects influencing the ability in mastering English as well.They are : reading, listening, writing, and speaking.Therefore, in this study, the writer focuses discuss in improving an aspects of english that is; speaking.There some reason why this study prefers speaking skill than another skills because in fact, to master those skill is not easy, many students usualy find difficulty in speaking English.Some factors are their fear of making mistakes, being laughed by their friends and lack of confidence of their own abilities.Therefore, a teacher should help the students in solving this problem by motivating them to speak.
It is also happened in students of Dena English Courses.For the first observation for students, many problem we found that relating the students" speaking ability, such as: the studens" speaking ability is not good enough, students are shy and afraid to speak.Then we observed the real situation for a week in the classroom, we know that the cause is practice of speaking in the teaching learning process is rarely to be done and in teaching learning the tutor still use the old ways to teach their students as like the old methods/technique and not using the good media.All this time, in learning just concern on the theory not on the practiced.For this reason above, we decided to use a technique that can make students to take part actively in the class and automatically this technique can improve the students" ability in speaking English.It is doing describing object.Some reason why the describing object can help the students in improve their speaking ability.The reason such as; (1) learning with describing object technique will give motivation to students because describing objects as a interesting thing and inviting the students to be curious.( 2) describing object technique will evoke any knowledge the students and also especially to improve the skills of students in speaking.(3) describing objects is one of potential activity that gives students feeling of freedom to express themselves and it is potentially to encourage students to be active in practice speaking english.
Based on the background above, the researcher formulates the following research questions: How can describing object technique improve the student"s speaking ability effectively at English Courses?Related to the problem statement above, the objective of this study is then specified: to know describing objects technique can improve the students" speaking ability effectively at English Courses.
The result of this study is expected to be useful information to: (1) can help the teacher to develop their teaching speaking technique so they can make their students active in their speaking class where all students give their participation well for their friends that perform in front of the class.(2) can make the students more active in their speaking without being shy and afraid.They can explore their words from the object that they brought.
This study was done by the subject of the students in Dena English Courses at jl. Moch.Sahar, Batu.Using describing object is give more opportunities to learners to make changes in speaking during the time allocated in English Course.
The study focuses specifically on using describing object in teaching speaking.Teaching speaking is a very important part of second language learning.The ability to communicate in a second language clearly and efficiently contributes to the success of the learner in school and success later in every phase of life.Therefore, it is essential that language teachers pay great attention to teaching speaking [1].The using of describing object can helps students to be good observers of things in their surroundings.Teaching with objects is an excellent means to enhance students"sensory literacy, allowing them to develop the ability to compile evidence through sight, touch, hearing, smell, and even taste [2].

METHODOLOGY
Research design is the plan and structure of the investigation used to obtain evidence to answer research questions.The design describes the procedures of conducting the study [3].The research design in this study is quantitative approach.According to Creswell (2009) quantitative-based survey research is one of the most common approaches in social science.It promotes understanding of social trends, attitudes and perceptions of a sample population [4].Then Muijs,D.(2004) said Quantitative research is "Explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analysed using mathematically based methods (in particular statistics) [5].
In this research used experiment because the researcher wants to apply and prove the technique whether it will be successful.The result of the research is to find the difference of the student"s speaking ability between before and after using describing object.Data of the research is collected by the way of the operational technique.It means that the data is obtained from the field.The data collection is a process whereby the researcher meets the respondent and thus obtains data from the respondents [6].
In this study, the data will be used is primary data because all information that is directly gathered from the research subject.All the data that is obtained from the pre-test, observation, post-test and quesionaire.The data that the writer collects are taken from the followings: 1. Pre-test, the writer gives the pre-test to obtain the data, this is especially to know the students" speaking ability before the applying of the describing object tecnique in teaching speaking.
2. Observation sheet, the data was taken from observation are to know the students condition before that application of this tecnique and to know the improvement of students" speaking ability through the applying of this technique.
3. Post-test, the writer gives the post-test to obtain the data, this is to know the students" speaking improvement after the applying of this tecnique in teaching speaking.
To anaylize the students speaking ability, the writer used the formula: Where Σ X is total of Language Components, M is means of Language Component and N is total of Subject.To uses the formula above, the writer used Higgs and Clifford (1982) in [7] as follows:  To know the base score of the students" speaking ability by using Describing Objects technique, the researcher together with the collaborator conducted the test.The students" performance then observed and evaluated based on the scoring rubric with speaking on it: accent, grammar, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension.
The result of the pre test after combined with the speaking indicators; accent, grammar, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension, the writer conclude that the result of speaking ability can be seen in the following table 3. From the data in the table 3, the writer calculated the result ΣD = 203 and ΣD2 =3073.To calculate the standard deviation of the result of average score, the writer used the formula as follows [8]: S = the standard deviation of the difference in scoring of the pre-test and post-test X = the difference in scoring of the pretest and post-test X = the mean of the difference in scoring of the pre-test and post-test.n = the total number of the students.
To calculate the mean score from the pretest and post-test, the writer used the formula as follow: To calculate the mean score from the pretest and post-test, the writer used the formula as follow (Crowl,1996:  The last calculation is determining the result of t observation (tO) of the test with formula: The result 3,6 indicated that there was a difference of degree.To complete the result of the research, the writer found out the degree of freedom (df) with the formula: df = N -1 df = 15 -1 df = 14 df = 14 (see table of "t" value at the degree of significance of 5% ) : At the degree of significance 5% = 2,14.The result is 2,14 < 3.6.The result of analyzing the data by using the formula above shows that the coefficient is 3.6.It means that there is a significance increase after the describing technique used in teaching speaking.Based on the data analysis above, the writer concluded that the increasing is significant at each language factor.Its meant that the describing objects technique has significance effect to improve the students" speaking ability.And if the teacher frequent to use this technique, the students" ability of speaking must be better.

CONCLUSSION
Based on the result and discussion above, it can be concluded in the following ways: 1. Describing objects technique has significance effect to improve the students" speaking ability.There is different of students speaking ability before an after being taught Describing Objects technique.It can be seen from the calculation of students speaking ability in this study.The results of data analysis showed that: Standard deviation of the result of average score was 14.4.The mean score of pretest was 36,2.The mean score of posttest was 49,7.The mean score from the pre -test and post-test was 13.5.And the result of t observation (tO) of the test was 3.6.At the degree of significance 5% = 2,14.The result is 2,14 < 3.6.

andM1:
Mean of the Language Factors of pretest score M2 : Mean of the Language Factors of posttest score Σ X : Total of the Language Factors score N : Total of the Subject/StudentsThe computation of the mean scores of the pre-test is as follows:The computation of the mean scores of the post-test is as follows: The average score of post-test = 49,7 mean of the difference in scoring of the pre-test and post-test X = the difference in scoring of the pretest and post-test.n = the total number of students.

Table 1
Checklist of conversation performance Factors and descriptors Occasional errors showing imperfect control of some conversation microskill or some pattern, but no weakness that causes misunderstanding. 5. Few errors, with no pattern of failure 6.No more than two errors during the conversation.

Table 2
Conversational english proficiency weighting table

Table 3
The comparison table of language factors total score

Table . 4
The comparison table of the total score of each language factors 2. Describing Objects Technique has improved students speaking ability as folows: (1) for accent the score increase from 19 to 26, (2) for grammar from 132 to 180, (3) for vocabulary from 140 to 224, (4) for fluency from 90 to 112 and (5) for the comprehension from 162 to 204. 3. The result on using the Describing objects Technique on the students" speaking ability was very good.Based on the result of t observation (tO), the writer concluded that the hypothesis was accepted because the tobs was higher than the t-table (3.6 > 2.14).It means that there is a significance increase after the describing technique used in teaching speaking.Therefore, this technique can be used in teaching speaking to increase the students speaking ability.It meant that describing objects technique was effective to be used in teaching speaking.