Socratic as Mathematics Learning Application for Differential Equations Concept

Technological improvements in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 can be applied to learning mathematics as a medium of improving teacher performance. In addition, a pandemic situation forces teachers and students to implement online learning. One of the learning media that can help teachers in learning mathematics online is Socratic. The Socratic system generally consists of four basic components: acting humanely, thinking humanely, thinking rationally and acting rationally. For example, the Socratic can provide alternative solutions to the differential equations problems. Mathematics problems can be recorded by the Socratic through three main features:1) home screen, which is used to take pictures of solving the problem needed; 2) search results, the image that has been recorded will be searched for a solution through Socratic's artificial intelligence in internet database, and 3) an explanation, the search results that have been obtained, have their own explanation. Teachers and students as users may find the best solution for each explanation by the Socratic. Meanwhile, this study uses four stages of the literature review process:1) search for relevant literature, 2) evaluation and source selection, 3) identification of themes, and 4) outline of the structure of the writing. This paper systematically investigates the use of the Socratic as a technology application that can assist mathematical problems.


INTRODUCTION
Technology and education are two sides of the coin. Education goes hand in hand with technological developments. Meanwhile, technology plays an important role in mathematics learning as well. Technology in mathematics education can be a learning medium (Durak & Saritepeci, 2017). One of the technology-based learning media is Socratic. Socratic is a technology application that can be used to solve math problems. So that the use of Socratic can help students face the problems faced during learning (Russel, 2020).
In addition, with the Covid-19 pandemic issues, the role of technology is a tool that students must master. The change in the learning process from face-to-face systems to online learning has resulted in many problems (Sandolo 2020). In mathematics learning in particular, the role of learning media is to help students understand the concepts taught by teachers in online learning (Young 2018). Teachers need to introduce technology as an aid in learning. So that online learning that occurs can achieve the expected goals (Durak and Saritepeci 2017).
However, the use of existing technology is still an obstacle for students and teachers (Epstein 2018). It is because the existing technology is difficult to understand and unapplicable (Eastman, Iyer, & Eastman, 2019). Therefore, Lavin et al., (2020), suggested teachers must be clever in choosing technology applications that easy for students to understand and practical to use. On the other hand, Sawang, O'Connor and Ali (2017) said that some of the technology that can be used in online learning are: Praxis, Kahoot, Edutainment Technology, and Socratic. Socratic is much favoured by students and teachers because of the language of technology since it is easy to understand and practical in use (Paul & Pepe, 2019). Subsequently, for instance, Ross et al. (2020), mentioned the Socratic could be used to find mathematical problems such as differential equations. The Socratic application works in three main features, namely: 1) home screen used to take pictures of the problem solving needed; 2) search results, the image that has been recorded will be searched for a solution through Socratic's artificial intelligence from internet database; and 3) an explanation, the search results that have been obtained, then have an explanation of each.
Therefore, based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that technology is an important part of education today. Online learning patterns that occur require students and teachers to learn and understand technology (Apriyanti et al., 2019). So, the role of technology can be an aid and other learning resources in the learning process (Unser, 2017). This article discusses the role and strength of technology in education, and specifically the use of the Socratic application in helping students and teachers in differential equations concepts in mathematics learning.

METHOD
Our study uses the Onwuegbuzie and Frels (2016) literature review construct. This study focuses on the strengths of Socratic technology applications in learning. The strength of the Socratic technology application could be used for teachers and students. In addition, this study Hipotenusa Journal, 3 (1), June 2021 Wanda Nugroho Yanuarto, Anton Jaelani, Joko Purwanto, Mohamad Ikram Zakaria 99 focuses on how Socratic can become one of the must-have technology applications for learning.
Some of the phases for the literature review are as follows:

Search for Relevant Literature
Search for literature sources in accordance with the focus of the study is an effective way of studying literature (Helmericks, Nelsen, & Unnithan, 2017). In addition, Nakano and Muniz (2018) explain that the focus chosen must have different characteristics and uniqueness. This study focuses on learning technology applications and Socratic technology applications. This study selects articles that are suitable for the focus of the study.

Evaluate and Select Sources
Evaluation and selection of literature sources have advantages in the literature review.
According to Al-shaikh et al. (2019), explaining source selection must be seen from the quality of the publication. Reliable publications could be used as a reference for choosing the appropriate articles (Rowland, Hub, & Services, 2018). This stage evaluates 30 articles that have been selected. The evaluation process produced 14 articles that were in accordance with the focus of the study and had reliable quality articles from the index (DOAJ, Scopus, and WOS).

Identify Themes
The stage of identifying themes is a continuation of the evaluation and selection of articles (Rodriguez, 2017). In addition, George (2017) said the theme taken as a summary of the evaluation of the articles that had been selected. In this study, four themes were obtained: 1) technology applications do in education, 2) artificial intelligence (AI) technology, 3) a musthave of Socratic application technology, and 4) Socratic as a technology application for teachers and students.

Outline the Review's Structure
The final stage in the literature review was to create an outline structure. According to Anon (2016), an outline is one way to make an article. In addition, Bolderston (2018) explains that writing constructs could be seen from the previous theme chosen. William (2016) explanation also illustrates that the theme is an essential reference in making the outline structure. So, in this study, the outline structure is made according to the chosen theme. The outline in this study is in figure 1.

What do Technology Applications do in Education?
The application of technology in education has many roles. Harris et al. (2020), in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, technology has become the most essential component in solving daily human problems. Furthermore, Bhattacharjee and Deb (2016), the technology used in the classroom is a source for students to find solutions to solving conceptual problems.
The application of technology applications in the classroom can be used in several ways.
Moore (2020) describes seven aspects that technology can do in education, 1) distance learning; 2) use of technology to share material; 3) e-report cards; 4) students' enrollment online; 5) attendance system; 6) the school financial system; and 7) e-library. Another opinion, Prensky (2018) explains the function of technology in education to be a benchmark for the success of education today. Schools with good access to technology think that educational success will be successful.
Technology applications that can be used in learning require teachers and students thoroughly. Ranasinghe and Leisher (2019), the pandemic situation nowadays forces teachers to limit interactions with students and do online learning. Furthermore, Connie (2020), with the existence of video-based communication technology, it is easier for teachers to provide material even though it is a virtual class. Moreover, existing technology applications can improve student understanding in class.
Technology applications can also be used to share concept material (Bialo & Sivin-Kachala, 2018). The implementation of online learning also impacts the provision of concepts. Gorra et al., (2016)  Also, social restrictions in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic have forced teachers to do all digital-based activities, one of which is student learning outcomes. According to Solomon (2018), the use of technology can make e-report cards. The use of e-report cards in education during social restrictions is one way to reduce teacher and student interactions. Teachers use Muir-Herzig (2020) e-report card technology to write student achievements digitally. Teachers can send e-report cards to parents via email or the school's official website.
Online learning certainly uses technology to record student attendance. The role of technology in the student attendance system helps teachers record students present in digital learning. Pedro (2019)  they also need a digital library to find references for teaching purposes.

Socratic in an Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology System
AI provides machines such as computers with the ability to display behaviours considered intelligent as human thought processes. Durak and Saritepeci (2017) that AI makes it easy for humans to do things that are concise and fast. Besides, Prensky (2018), artificial intelligence technology provides useful experiences for humans in shortening the time so that their work is completed quickly. According to Kelvin (2020), in general, artificial intelligence technology has four main components: 1) acting humanly; 2) Humanly thinking; 3) think rationally; and act rationally.
Socratic with AI provides perfect services for teachers and students. Solving the requested problem will find a solution by human-like thinking (Lavin et al., 2020). So that Socratic AI can provide more explanation for both teachers and students (Moore, 2020). In general, the Socratic work process consists of four basic AI components. Acting Humanly, a Socratic system that can act like humans. Unser (2017), explains that Socratic will respond to alternative answers according to the user's instructions. Thinking Humanly, a system that can think like humans. Connie (2020) says Socratic can provide various alternative answers adapted to human thought processes. Think Rationally, a system that can think rationally. Some of the alternative answers given by the Socratic will describe a rational thought process like humans (Sandolo, 2020). Act Rationally, a system that can act rationally. The solution action provided by the Socratic employing various solutions indicates the Socratic can act rationally. This action process is based on various opinions of experts who explain alternative solutions to previous problems (Bialo & Sivin-Kachala, 2018).

Socratic is a Must-Have Application for School Teachers and Students
According to Kim (2019), education technology in the industrial revolution 4.0 era is a must-have for schools. Teachers and students as users of education use technology all the time.
Poynter (2020) explains the role of teachers in the 21st-century era as technology users.
Furthermore, Erokhin (2018) said that the available technology is one of the learning resources for digital learning. Also, Bhatti and Mohiuddin (2019) explain that Socratic media is an example of learning resources in the digital era. Online learning that is carried out gives a clear picture that technology is very important to help students' independent learning process (Zaslavsky & Tari, 2018).
Socratic learning media have been carried out in many countries, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Egypt, Thailand, and Singapore (Patil, Karhe, & Aher, 2019). Some researches results say that Socratic can help students solve algorithmic problems and other sciences (Goldberg, 2016). Besides, Zaslavsky and Tari (2018) explain the use of Socratic as a learning media provides 78% effectiveness in student learning. Subsequently, Socratic digital media also helps teachers prepare for digital learning (Bolat, 2019). Also, the ease of using Socratic media is one of its positive values. Sampieri (2018) explains that this digital media has ease of use to be interested in using it. Besides, existing AI technology allows Socratic to update information on teachers' problems (Norman, 2019). The extensive network within the Socratic search system provides teachers with many opportunities to learn many concepts (Bolat, 2019).
Mayisela (2018) said that solving various problems is also an added value for students to enrich their knowledge.

Discussion
Virtual online learning in the past two years has had a broad impact on applying technology to education. Russel (2020) explains that the use of applications is sought after by students to help them understand the material in the online class. Besides, Young (2018) said that technology applications sought after by students are easy to use and can be understood by all students. Pedro (2019), Socratic as the application technology in online learning was success help students do the class.  The sample problem from students, as Figure 2, could be solved by the Socratic technology. Students and teachers can find alternative solutions to the problems. Many solutions will show, and students can identify the proper solution. Teachers also can find the good way for teaching the problem in the classroom. According to Moore (2020), Socratic has three main features: the home screen, browsing results, and explainers. In this feature, users can see three services on Socratic: camera, voice and chat. According to Kelvin (2020), a camera service, users can use this service by photographing problems that will be sought for Socratic solutions (see Figure 2). Solomon (2018) says that the photos used can be reduced and adjusted as needed (see Figure 3).

Figure 3. Snap and crop the preferred question
Browsing Results, this second feature can provide useful information about alternative results obtained by Socratic from the given problem. Patil et al. (2019) explain that the photos provided depend on the quality of the photos taken. Socratic legibility is seen from the image quality of the photos. Also, Mayisela (2018) explains that the image results will be read as one data that Socratic will look for a solution (See Figure 4).

Socratic is a Technology Application for Teachers and Students
Socratic's AI technology has many advantages. Naismith et al., (2016) mention three advantages of Socratic: 1) get help at any moment, 2) understand the underlying concepts, and 3) browse helpful topic explanations for quick references. Also, Goldberg (2016) AI technology has many advantages that can help humans. One of them is understanding what humans understand. The thinking process carried out by human intelligence technology can process information, such as the brain's process of processing information. So, Kim (2019) said that technology could be a good friend of humans and be used for positive things. On the education side, human intelligence technology can be applied in learning media.  Weberknechte (2019) said that Socratic technology is one way for students to find solutions to classroom problems at hand. Information technology and the growing development of education today provide a special space for the Socratic to help students understand learning.

Understand the Underlying Concepts
The teacher can give instructions manually to students from face-to-face learning in class.
The AI technology adopts the human mindset to receive information. Poynter (2020) says that artificial intelligence technology has the same role as human intelligence in receiving information. The rest, Erokhin (2018) explains that the Socratic has the same role in receiving information. Receipt of the information then processed through technological devices to find alternative solutions to the received problems. Thus students can understand the problem from various points of view. Bolat (2019) says that providing information from experts helps students understand the problems at hand. Furthermore, Traxler (2019) explained that student learning resources have many advantages in today's technological era. The AI technology in learning media can be a source of student learning.

CONCLUSION
The industrial revolution 4.0 era has an impact on the application of technology in mathematics education. One of them is in the mathematics learning concepts. The Socratic technology application is one of the learning media that employed AI technology. AI technology provides convenience and change for humans, especially in education. Teachers and students are helped by AI technology to solve problems related to mathematics learning.
For example, in the Differential Equations mathematics concept, Socratic can provide alternative solutions to the differential Equations problems. Mathematics problems can be recorded by the Socratic through three main features:1) home screen, which is used to take