The transformation of production systems, linked to the evolution of the non-agricultural and agricultural populations and the relationship between the two, will be one of the major challenges in the decades ahead. This challenge is identified in national and regional agricultural policies. Thus, UEMOA’s Agricultural Policy (APU) notes that “if urbanisation continues at the same rate, the current relationship between towns (cities) and the rural environment should be inverted in 20 years. Whereas in 1990, taking UEMOA as a whole, one urban dweller was a potential customer of two rural inhabitants, projections for 2020 point to a radical change because one farmer will have to feed more than one urban dweller. This presupposes that farmers wishing to satisfy growing demand from (urban and rural) non-producers will have to raise their productivity considerably” (UEMOA, 2002).