Neologism in English Language and I’ts Influence on Linguistics

The article examines the nominative processes and lexical changes that are taking place in the English language at this point in its evolution. It is the language's lexical system, which is the most flexible and mobile, that is always evolving along with the language community's development, enriching itself with new lexical units and reflecting current social trends. This article will look at new terms that have arrived in the language in recent years. The study explores the uniqueness of popular English neologisms and their use in native speakers' everyday speech. The study was divided into two stages: analytical (a lexical examination of neologisms) and interactive (a survey of informants)


Introduction
Languages are living entities which evolve over time and the lexicon plays a relevant role in this change because while words cease to be used other new words emerge.Neologisms are the new words that speakers create in a language.The word neologism comes from Greek "neo" (new) and "logos" (word).Hence, as its root suggests, a neologism is a new word that hasrecently been included in the vocabulary of a language (Pimat, 2016).In this work, neologisms are words or phrases that are novel in their form and meaning at the time of writing and have a new socio-cultural connotation.In other words, for neologisms, we will score both the actual new words and the units currently present in the nominative fund in terms of form and meaning.The number of neologisms that emerge in our language every day is no longer calculable.Of course, not all of these terms have widespread usage and are listed in dictionaries.Nonetheless, lexicographers strive to record all new lexical units that emerge, allowing them to provide a more full picture of present trends in the evolution of the language and the culture that speaks it.A great number of publications and research are dedicated to the study and analysis of neologisms, which look at new words from various perspectives and approaches.The thing under investigation is so specialized that the issue does not exhaust itself, and research activity remains relevant, augmenting and clarifying the examined phenomena.In the broadest sense, neologisms in the lexicon are terms or meanings of existing words that have just recently arisen in the language.The stylistic approach interprets neologism as a word whose novelty is marked by its new stylistic use, such as words passing from jargon or metalanguage into everyday language (for example, the term downtime means "time when one is not working or active").Neologisms, according to the denotative theory, are words that emerge to identify new things and concepts and so gain new denotative meanings, such as smartphone, selfie, and e-book.According to the etymological perspective, a neologism is a term that already exists in the language but has acquired a new meaning.umbrella 1) "a device used to protect against rain"; 2) "a protective force or influence" Finally, proponents of the lexicographic approach to neologism invest in this notion, among other reasons, since a new term is not documented in dictionaries.For example, the linguistic unit cinematherapy, "using films as therapeutic tools," received 70,000 citations on Google but has yet to appear in lexicographic papers.

Materials And Methods
In this work, new words will be understood as words or phrases that are new in form and meaning at the present time and have new socio-cultural meanings.In other words, for newly-learned words, we will prioritize both new words that are suitable in form and meaning as well as already existing units in the nominal fund, whose meaning has changed due to changes in parameters.discourse projection.nline at: The dynamics of new word-forming patterns Various factors influence the creation of new linguistic units.Therefore, L. Gilbert identifies three of the following factors: 1) the denominator (the need to specify a new object); 2) style (the need for expressive color speech); and 3) linguistic system pressure (the formation of potential words based on existing patterns).[Gilbert 1975, p. cit., according to Gatsalova 2005].New words in modern English arose on the basis of different principles.Many linguists note that the principle of language saving prevails in the present period.The increasingly stressful pace of life and, consequently, the increasingly acute scarcity of time have led to a shift in the perception of time in the 21st century, as sociologists have noted (Urry 2012).It is quite natural that language, as a mirror of socio-cultural life, evolves with society.At the same time, changes affect the nature of language, especially its word formation patterns.The most common are fusions and abbreviations, which make it possible to express an idea in minimal language and in less time.Hence the words MOOCs, 'long-distance running', vomiting, 'vomiting', sickness rush, 'urgent and ongoing need to feel busy or productive' and scenic jogs,' visit a foreign city while jogging.Statistics also confirm this phenomenon.The main goal of the study, as stated in the beginning, was to identify the specifics of common neurology.English language meanings and their realization in the daily communication of the statistical average native speakers of the English language.New words included in the Oxford Online Dictionary since 2010 are used as documents.The total volume of words and phrases analyzed was 77.The words are chosen in principle, since it seems that at the early stages of the study they are used most often by native speakers.As a result, most of the lexical units considered are included in the Oxford Dictionary's word of the year list, which is compiled from statistical data on their frequency of use in a given year.The study consisted of two phases: analytical, which involved the selection and lexical analysis of new words, and interactive, which included a survey of informants.
Let's begin the presentation of the research results with a lexical analysis of the new nominal units.The word group studied consisted of 58% nouns, 25% verbs, 13% adjectives and 4% acronyms, followed by more complex and detailed sentences.Thus, structural and part-of-speech analysis testifies to the dominant number of one-word language units expressed by nouns, which in turn indicates a greater need for native speakers to name newly appearing phenomena or situations.It should be noted that 49% of the words under consideration are formed by merging (blending), which fully confirms the observations given in the theoretical part regarding the principle of language economy in the context of the accelerating rhythm of life in the 21st century.Semantically, there are five generalized thematic groups or spheres of functioning: social and everyday life, including the names of various recent phenomena, habits, everyday objects, etc. (39%): wine o'clock 'an appropriate time of day for starting to drink wine'; cidery `a place where cider is made`; to binge-watch `to watch multiple episodes of a television program in rapid succession`; fandom `the state of being a fan of someone or something`; showrooming `the practice of visiting of a shop or shops in order to examine a pro-duct before buying it online at a lower price`; omnishambles `a situation that has been comprehensively mismanaged`; sodcasting `the practice of playing music through the loudspeaker of a mobile phone while in a public place`; to mansplain `when a man explains something to a woman in a manner regarded as condescending or patronizing`;computer technologies and social networks (21%): selfie `a self-portrait photograph`; to rage-quit `to angrily abandon an activity that has become frustrating`; AFK (away from the keyboard); second screening `the practice of watching television while simultaneously using a smartphone, tablet computer, laptop, or other screen de-vice`; webisode `an episode of a series distributed as web television`; to pocket-dial `ac-cidental placement of a phone call while a person`s mobile phone is in the owner`s pocket or handbag`;

Results and Discussion
The second part of the study, aimed at identifying the degree of actualization of these linguistic units in the speech of native English.During the survey, informants were asked to answer several questions, in particular about the meaning of the word, the frequency of its use, possible synonyms, and forecasts regarding the potential fixation of the lexeme in the vocabulary of the language.Anticipating the results of the analysis, it is worth making a reservation that the residents of the southern counties of England-Hampshire, Surrey, and West Sussex-and the unitary administrative units of Brighton, Portsmouth, and Southampton took part in the survey.This fact could affect the results of the survey, as perhaps in other parts and counties of the UK, language trends are somewhat different.In the twentieth century, most neologisms needed time to firmly gain a foothold in the language of everyday communication.However, as one might assume, in the last decade, with the development of information technologies, social networks, and other diverse and wide opportunities for communication, there has been not only an intensification and acceleration of the creation process Neologism in English Language and its Influence on Linguistics Available online at: https://jazindia.com-1792 -but also, which is fundamentally important for us, a rapid spread of new words both in a given language community and around the world.
The results were somewhat surprising, as a group of informants between the ages of 25 and 45 only determined the meaning of 36% of the words.However, when presented with the words in context, the informant was able to understand the meaning of 90% of the words given.Informants in the 20-25 year old group reported hearing or encountering 50% of the words, and were recognized regardless of context.However, according to the respondents, only 15-20% of the newly coined words selected for analysis were actively used.Basically, these are lexical units in the sphere of everyday life, new technologies, political and economic blocs.In this regard, we would like to emphasize once again the specifics of our choice of words.Most of the lexicons included in the study have been published in the Oxford Dictionary's Word of the Year list, which is based on: their high frequencies.use.The attitude of informants towards most neologisms is quite negative.They are described as "dumb", "unnecessary" and permanently unable to gain a foothold in English.This opinion was expressed by the majority of the native speakers surveyed, particularly those aged 25 to 45.This opinion is not new.The extremely negative attitude of native speakers to new and unusual words has been repeatedly noted.The Telegraph claims that new words entered the language so quickly that they "bypassed" entire generations ("terms ... entered the language so quickly that they bypassed entire generations.

Conclusion
Summing up the reasoning about the reasons for the "success" or "failure" of certain neologisms of the English language, we note that language processes are taking place rapidly in comparison with past periods; within a few days, there are as many new words as in others.times appeared over the course of several years.The language of our time lives as if in fast motion.And if the language is a reflection of the life of the people and the vocabulary is a kind of litmus test for social and cultural changes, then it can be assumed that new words, no matter how unusual and ridiculous they may seem to most of society at the beginning, appear and become popular not by chance.Their appearance is natural, as they bring with them new ideas and values.