Structure of Body Parts in Meiteiron

This paper mainly concentrates on the structure of body parts which have been practiced from the early days in Meitei Society. Therefore the study is very important aspect of this field and it will also give a deep knowledge insight into the element of structural language, philosophicalculture,, belief, thought etc. of the Meitei Society. General Terms: Noun; Genitive marker; Compound; Pronominal marker


INTRODUCTION
The social and cultural impacts forcefully penetrate into Meiteiron in the structural process of naming of the body parts. The exploration of socio-cultural activities or practices is rigidly intermingled with Meiteiron. It is unquestionable if the language is adornment of culture or culture is adornment of language. The beautification of language and culture is not a god's creation but a result arising from along preparatory procedures of human wisdom. Any social reflection existing into the language cannot be counted as blind faith since the civilization goes through it. The main attempt of the study is to cast the importance of ethno-science in the study of Meiteiron. In Meiteiron, the naming of body partsand its structural pattern can be analysed as hereunder.

BODY PARTS
The human body is the entire structure of a human being and comprises a head, neck, trunk (which includes the thorax and abdomen), two arms and hands and two legs and feet. Every part of body is composed of various cells (Wikipedia, 2014). In the body parts, the role of lu/kok 'head' is very important and it has a significant meaning in Meitei society.

Categories of body parts
In Meiteiron, 'body parts' can be categorized as follows: It consists of two nouns, a genitive marker and a third person pronominal marker as in the above examples 1), 2) and 3). Whereas in the above example 4), it consists of a noun, a genitive marker along with an adjective. In Meitei society, the people believe that one of the most valuable parts of body is considered as . The meaning of lurel is valuable head, where lu means head and rel/len means valuable.

 'face'
It includes eyes 'the organ of sight', eyebrow 'the arch of hair above each eye', eyelid 'either of two folds of skin that can be moved to cover or open the eye', nose 'the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man', nostrils 'either one of the two external openings to the nasal cavity in the nose', philtrum 'the shallow groove between the nose and the upper lip', ears 'the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium', lips 'either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in speaking', chin 'the protruding part of the lower jaw', cheek 'either side of the face below the eyes' etc.

A) 'eyes'
The word mit 'eyes' is the organ of sight. In the above example 1), most of the compounds are consisted of the following constituents such as, mit is root, ki is genitive marker, m is third person pronominal marker and pan is modifier. The remaining constituents i.e. 2), 3) and 4) are the similar construction.

B)  'nose'
It is the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals. It consists of the following constituents. Examples: In the above example 1), the compound is formed by combining the constituents such as, noun + genitive marker + noun. Whereas in the example 2), the compound is formed by combining noun + genitive marker + third person pronominal marker + noun.

C)'mouth'
It is the organ of speaking. It plays the role of eating also. It consists of the following constituents. Examples: 1)  + +ə +  > mouth gen. 3PP border 'Lip'. In the above example, the compound word is formed by combining some elements such as:  + genitive marker+ third person pronominal marker + modifier etc.
Here,cin is mouth, giis genetive marker, m is third person pronominal marker and pan is modifier.

 'hands'
It is the organ of holding something as well. It consists of the following elements. Examples: In the above examples i.e. from 1) to 6) and from 9) to 13) are the same construction because they are consisted of a noun, a genitive marker third person pronominal marker and a modifier. Whereas the example 7) and example 8) are the different forms, for instance, in the above example 7) the constituent is consisted of a noun, a genitive marker and an adjective. On the other hand, the example 8) is formed by combining a noun, a genitive marker and a noun.

'leg'
It is a kind of human limb; commonly used to refer to a whole limb but technically only the part of the limb between the knee and ankle. By the help of leg one can move from one place to another

1.2.5'bone'
It is an organ of rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates. It consists of the following elements. Examples: 1)   ++  +  > body gen. 3PP bone 'Bone'. This construction is consisted of two nouns, a genitive marker and a third person pronominal marker.

1.2.6'external organs'
This is an important organ that is situated on or near the surface of the body. Some of the external organs of body and their structural patterns are given below Whereas the examples 6) to 8) are also in the similar category, for instance, the constituents are consisted of a noun, a genitive marker and an adjective. On the other hand, the example 9) is formed by combining a noun, a genitive marker with a noun.

A) 'teeth'
It is a hard bonelike structure in the jaws of vertebrates; used for biting and chewing or for attack and defence The similar constructions are found in the above examples i.e. from 1) to 6), for instance, the examples are consisted of a noun, a genitive marker, third person pronominal marker and a modifier. On the other hand, the examples from 6) to 8) are the similar one, for instance, the constituents are consisted of a noun, a genitive marker and an adjective.

B)'tongue'
It is the organ of taste and a muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity

C)   'stomach'
The stomach is an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal. It is also a principal organ of digestion.
The above examples i.e. 1) and 2) are formed by inserting a genitive marker in between two nouns.

D)    'heart'
It is a valuable organ of locus of feelings and intuitions. The hollow muscular organ located behind the sternum and between the lungs. By the help of heart, the rhythmic contractions move the blood through the body.

E)   'liver'
Large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity; secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat; synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood; synthesizes vitamin A; detoxifies poisonous substances and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes.

F)   'gallbladder'
It is an organ of muscular sac attached to the liver that stores bile (secreted by the liver) until it is needed for digestion.

G) 'kidney'
It is an internal organ that looks like two beanshaped that filter wastes from the blood and excrete them and water in urine.

H)    'lungs'
Lungs is a breathing organ (Soibam, 2004). It is either of two saclike respiratory organs in the chest of vertebrates; serves to remove carbon dioxide and provide oxygen to the blood.

I)    'intestine'
It is the part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus. It is two types such as 'small intestine' and  'large intestine'. Structurally it can be analyzed as under. 1)   +  > excrement pipe 'Intestine'. It consists of two nouns.

 'nerve'
Any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body (WordWeb dictionary, 2013). Linguistically it can be analyzed as under. 1)  +  > fibers line 'Nerve'. Here the root of may be derived from the  of  'fiber'.

CONCLUSION
A unique form of Meitei indigenous terms is shown by Meitei body parts that have its roots in Meitei culture. It also examines the Meitei structural pattern of body parts at different categories. The study is more or less related to the belief of the people, culture and philosophy of the indigenous people. The main objective of study of Meitei body parts is to explore the structural pattern of the language by the help of culture. After investigation about the body parts of Meiteironone can easily understand that how the ancestors were scientifically given such kind of body parts in the society.