Pre-Engineered Construction Analysis and Design of Portal Frame

Technological improvement over the year has contributed immensely to the enhancement of quality of life through various new products and services. One such revolution was the pre-engineered buildings. Through its origin can be traced back to 1960’s its potential has been felt only during the recent years. This was mainly due to the development in design technology, and computerization. Engineers always try to find ways to increase the speed and efficiency of construction projects. Importance of pre-engineered building design has been discussed. Different design materials and methods have been studied. Apart from the typical applications like factories and warehouses, the recent years seminar halls, call centres, super markets, showrooms, shopping mol etc. are designed as PEB. Other traditional applications of PEB components are available for air craft hangars, residential buildings, petrol canopies, cold storages, telecom shelters, defence shelters, schools, health centres, community centres etc. This analysis will facilitate the choice of portal frames for high roof buildings with respect to their materials and cost of construction techniques. Experimental analysis of different materials and construction technology considered are: (i) Conventional design of portal with steel section, (ii) Pre-engineered design of portal with steel section, (iii) Conventional design of portal with R.C.C. members, and (iv) Pre-engineered design of portal with R.C.C. members In the quest of economical and multipurpose Solution of the problem conventional techniques and preengineered techniques have been analysed in this paper. Finally pre-engineered technique with modern construction materials resulted in most feasible solution. Keywords— Pre-engineered design, Portal Frame, Portal Construction Materials, High Roof Buildings


I. INTRODUCTION
In Pre-engineered design a unique combination of materials make construction simple and trouble free. The buildings are Designed and erected by people without previous construction experience. In such constructions, more work is done at the manufacturing centre and less work on site. In such construction the building is up in just few days-not weeks, months or years. Pre-Engineered steel building (PEB) or Metal building systems with steel roofing are gaining popularity very fast for the following advantages. Though the concept is quite old with proven technology in advanced countries, the concept is still considered almost new in Indian context. A recent survey of owners of structures identified the following five best features: 1. Ease of erection 2. Solid construction and strength 3. 100% usable space with no floor or ceiling obstructions 4. Sleek contemporary appearance 5. Easy interior to finish or insulate Pre-engineered structures satisfy all the above requirements.

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
The study of this research project aimed at selection of suitable construction materials and design procedure for superstructure of high roof buildings. The foundation and construction up to the plinth level is cast in-situ by R.C.C. Modular design of uniform shuttering plates for walls, columns, beams are first designed and made ready before the construction of superstructure is started. Fig. 1 -Component of PEB [1] It is assumed that the entire construction of superstructure of the building above a made up plinth to support the G.C.I. sheets roofing on portal frames which may be made of R.C.C. or Steel Sections. If R.C.C portals are made then designed reinforcement is erected on the made up plinth and it is then enclosed with shuttering plates. Provisions of openings for doors and windows are made in the shuttering of walls. The slab shuttering is designed with flow pipes so that the concrete slurry poured at slab level runs through entire farm work for walls and slab. In case steel portal frame sections are used then column section are welded on ms plates which are bolted with grouted long studs in R.C.C. columns at plinth level.
A steel portal frame construction of a high roof building to support G.C.I. sheet is shown in The analysis is made with respect to: 1. Complete Portal frame with steel sections and G.C.I. sheets roofing with supporting purlins 2. R.C.C. design for Portal frame with Conventional concept 3. Portal Frame with Pre -engineered steel sections and G.C.I. sheets roofing with supporting purlins Requirement of portal frames with above specifications is often felt for building designed for following purposes:i.
Cinema halls , Public function halls e.g. marriage resorts, Theaters, Ygya-shala etc. in above types of building often mazzine floors is required for that R.C.C slab is cast at 3m height , besides enclosing the hall with brick walls. Therefore R.C.C portal columns are preferred for economic reasons. ii.
If the shed is open from all sides i.e. no brick wall enclosure is required then complete steel columns as well roof is viable solution. iii.
Pre-engineered concept of structure is nothing but steel building in which excess steel is avoided by tapering the section as per bending moment requirement. iv.
If the structure is to be planned away from city areas, where wind pressure can be predominant and the structure need to be enclosed with brick wall then structure is designed with column with R.C.C and beams and roof with steel. Therefore our study is extended to above 4 type of pre-engineered portal frames construction.
The design problem of portal frame stated above has been analyzed with respect to following considerations: As a first step of analysis the portal frame for above problem is designed by conventional design procedure for following construction materials and technology:  Hence for pre-engineered construction works R.C.C. portals will be an ideal solution of high roof buildings.