Serological and Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii among Pregnant Women Giving Birth at the University Of Gondar Specialized Hospital in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

Tsedalu Yirsa; Meera Indracanti; Tejovathi Bandike; Mequanente Dagnaw; Zewdu Seyoum; Nega Berhane

doi:10.17485/IJST/v15i44.1810

Article

Serological and Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii among Pregnant Women Giving Birth at the University Of Gondar Specialized Hospital in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

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Indian Journal of Science and Technology

DOI: 10.17485/IJST/v15i44.1810

Year: 2022, Volume: 15, Issue: 44, Pages: 2403-2412

Original Article

Serological and Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii among Pregnant Women Giving Birth at the University Of Gondar Specialized Hospital in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

Tsedalu Yirsa¹, Meera Indracanti², Tejovathi Bandike², Mequanente Dagnaw^3*, Zewdu Seyoum⁴, Nega Berhane⁵

¹Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of veterinary medicine, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia
²Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad, 500100, Telangana, India
³Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics and Medical Biotechnology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
⁴Department of veterinary paraclinical studies, College of veterinary medicine and Animal sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
⁵Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, Ethiopia

*Corresponding Author
Email: [email protected]

Received Date:06 September 2022, Accepted Date:04 October 2022, Published Date:01 December 2022

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Objective: Congenital toxoplasmosis can be presented when immunosuppressed women are reactivating of this infection acquired before pregnancy in addition to women recently exposed to this disease during pregnancy, which causes of fetal death, neonatal death or congenital defects. Women mainly get this infection by ingested improperly cooked or raw meat consisting of viable tissue cysts or by contaminated foods and water within sporulated oocysts or through the placenta. Thus, this study aimed to detect Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women using serologically and molecularly at study area. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to October 2020 by collecting a total of 200 umbilical cord blood and matching discharged placental tissue samples from systematic randomly selected pregnant women giving birth at University of Gondar specialized hospital. Latex agglutination test and nested polymerase chain reaction were used for the detections of this infection. Findings: The overall serological, first polymerase chain reaction and nested polymerase chain reaction findings of this study were 46%, 24% and 10%, respectively. The univariant analysis indicated that seropositivity of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were also significantly influenced by eating raw meat, eating raw vegetables, drinking raw milk, presence of domestic cat contacts and source of water (P 0.05). In the case of multivariate analysis drinking raw milk and source of water were also significantly associated to the seropositivity of Toxoplasma gondii. Moreover, there were also fair concordant between latex agglutination within first polymerase reaction (Kappa: 0.290) andnested polymerase chain reaction tests of this parasite (Kappa: 0.231). Novelty: This nested polymerase chain reaction and the Toxo-latex agglutination tests had also fair agreements in pregnant women. Moreover, Consumption of raw meat, vegetables and milk; domestic cat contacts and source of water were the potential statically significant associated risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity. Conclusions: Generally, these comparative tests confirmed the existence of this infection in pregnant women that played up a pool of public health risks for their embryo and infants. Thus, thoroughly cooking raw meats and vegetables; pasteurized raw milk; avoid domestic cat contacts and boiling of water will be the best prevention and control strategies of this infection. Further works on its genotyping of this pathogen will be also convinced. Keywords: Latex agglutination; Nested polymerase chain reaction; Placental tissue; Pregnant women; Toxoplasma gondii; Umbilical cord blood

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Copyright

© 2022 Yirsa et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Published By Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee)