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노인의 수면 문제와 주관적 인지 저하의 관계에서 정서적 문제의 매개효과

The Mediating Effect of Affective Disturbance on the Relationship between Sleep Disturbance and Subjective Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

한국심리학회지: 건강
약어 : KJHP
2021 vol.26, no.1, pp.205 - 228
DOI : 10.17315/kjhp.2021.26.1.012
발행기관 : 한국건강심리학회
연구분야 : 심리과학
Copyright © 한국건강심리학회
권희진 1 ,  박수현 orcid 바로가기 2

1연세대학교

2연세대학교

84 회 열람

수면 문제는 노년기에 흔히 경험하는 문제들 중 하나로 인지기능의 저하와의 관련성이 확인되어왔다. 최근에는 특히 치매의 조기 진단과 노년기 심리적 웰빙에 영향을 주는 주관적 인지 저하와의 관련성이 주목받고 있다. 한편, 수면문제가 주관적인지 저하에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 객관적인지 기능의 저하 여부와 우울, 불안 등의 영향에 대한 연구 결과가 혼재되어 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 노인의 수면 문제가 주관적 인지 저하에 영향을 미치는 기제를 구체적으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 특히 정서장애의 대표적 증상인 우울과 불안, 걱정 등 세 가지 요인으로 구성된 정서적 문제가 수면 문제와 주관적 인지 저하의 관계에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국내 지역사회 만 60세 이상 성인 101명을 대상으로 수면 문제와 정서적 문제, 주관적 인지 저하, 객관적 인지기능을 측정하였다. 상관분석 결과, 수면 문제와 정서적 문제, 주관적 인지 저하가 모두 서로 유의한 정적 상관을 보인 반면, 객관적 인지기능은 이들 세 변인과 유의한 상관을 보이지 않았다. 객관적 인지기능을 통제한 후, 수면 문제와 주관적 인지 저하의 관계에서 정서적 문제의 매개효과를 검증한 결과, 정서적 문제가 수면 문제와 주관적 인지 저하의 관계를 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 노인들이 수면 문제를 경험하면서 나타나는 주관적 인지 저하가 실제 인지 수행의 저하로 인한 것이기보다는 정서적 문제와 더 큰 관련이 있을 가능성을 제기하며, 노인들의 건강 및 기능 관련 문제 호소에 대한 생물심리사회적 접근의 중요성을 시사한다.

The relationship between sleep disturbance and subjective cognitive decline has recently come into the spotlight, as researchers continue to look at the effects of sleep disturbance on the early detection of Alzheimer’s disease and the overall well-being of older individuals. Nevertheless, the results of the studies have shown mixed results in tracing the relationship between the process of sleep disturbance and objective indices of decline in cognitive functioning as well as symptoms of depression and anxiety. This present study therefore aimed to examine this process and the effects of affective disturbance. A total of 101 community dwelling older adults in Korea participated in the study, and had their sleep disturbance level, affective disturbance, subjective cognitive decline, and objective cognitive functioning assessed. The results indicated that affective disturbance fully mediated the relationship between sleep disturbance and subjective cognitive decline, even when controlling for objective cognitive functioning. Such results suggests the possibility that subjective cognitive decline, concurrent with sleep problems in the elderly, may be associated with affective disturbance, and affecting depression and anxiety in particular, therefore emphasizing the importance of utilizing a biopsychosocial approach when addressing the health-related complaints of older adults.

수면, 주관적 인지 저하, 정서적 문제, 우울, 불안
sleep disturbance, elderly health, subjective cognitive decline, affective disturbance, depression, anxiety

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