Restoration of Missing Upper Anterior Teeth using Dental Implant Simulta- neous with Bone Grafting- A Case Report

Loss of natural teeth could compromise the functional, esthetical and Phontics demands by patients. Advancement in the oral implant treatment leads to predictable survival rates and create important treatment options available. Evaluating both bone quality and quantity is major requirement in successful osseointegrated dental implant. Bone defect associated with lost teeth in anterior maxilla will affect both surgical placement of implant and subsequent prosthetics rehabilitation. Bone defect correction can be carry on using variety of ways include barrier membrane with guided bone regeneration, block grafts, only grafts or distraction osteogensis. This case report is step-by-step procedure in which missing anterior teeth were restored with dental implant and fill the labial defect bone using particulated bone graft and membrane. After initial healing, provisional restoration was used to create esthetical gingival contour around teeth.


Case Report
Teeth may be lost due to many different reasons [1]. Dental caries and periodontal disease count of major causes of loose teeth [2], other causes could contribute in losing teeth in anterior maxilla is trauma, which has a greater anatomical projection and susceptible to this type of injury [3]. Minor trauma cause loss of alveolus and gingiva. Major trauma can cause extensive vertical and horizontal bone loss [4]. Restoration of missing anterior maxillary teeth is challenging due to compromised esthetics associated with missing teeth itself in addition gradual alveolar bone resorption which will further compromise esthetics [5].
Aesthetics and functional demands in the restoring of this particular area have always been a major factor of choosing the treatment option available. In addition; the psychological advantage over the use of partial removable provisional prosthesis [6].
An advent of osseointegration terms (direct structural and functional connection between ordered living bone and the surface of a load-carrying implant) [7]. Allow rehabilitation of missing anterior teeth using osseointegrated dental implant because of its high predictability.
Endosseous implant success required full coverage of implant surface with bone. Augmentation of local defect of alveolar ridge with bone grafts enable to achieve these prerequisite in insufficient bone volume. Different surgical procedure available to create enough bone volume such as autogenous bone graft, include only graft, interpositional bone graft, guided bone regeneration and combination of these procedure [8][9][10].
Estimating the degree of bone defect is not easy since the mucosal contour can mask the actual dimension of the alveolar ridge, ridge mapping, CBCT and Denta Scan can be used.
A female patient born in 1973 came to prosthodontics department -Implant center, (Wuhan University dental hospital) complaining of the upper anterior teeth 11, 21, 22 were missing for 3 years (Figure 1).
The following teeth 11, 21, 22 were extracted 3 years ago after car accidents which fracture the crown and leave the roots. J Dent Oral Health 2014 | Vol 2: 203 Now she asked for the urgent restoration to improve the function and esthetics.
Conducting a thorough medical history, we found the patient had a good physical condition and denied any systematic diseases or any allergic diseases that were relevant to dental treatment. And she had no mucosal lesions, no bleeding disorder, no tobacco smoking, and alcohol and drug abuse.

Dental history
Questioning the patients reported that teeth 11, 21, and 22 were extracted in another hospital 3 years ago. And since then no any further treatment try to solve the problem due to economical issues.

Clinical Examination
Clinical examination was conducted, and through deep examination of both extra and intra oral examination of reported the following: Extra-oral: No gross facial asymmetry or swelling was detected. No clicking of TMJ or limitation and deviation of opening.

Intra-oral:
Hard tissue examination revels that Teeth 11, 21, 22 were missing. Evaluation of edentulous space shows that the quantity and quality of edentulous area (alveolar bone) was not good. There were obvious bone defect and labial ridge in form of concavity. (Labial dehiscence) The inter-alveolar spaces were enough for restoration.
Soft tissue examinations show. The thickness of the soft tissue of the edentulous ridge was assessed at different point of the edentulous space and it's about 2 mm measured by a graduated periodontal probe. The color and texture of mucosa was normal.
No obvious mucosal lesions, fibrous connective tissue displacement and other abnormities were detected.
Periodontal status: Oral hygiene was good. No marginal gingival inflammation was detected. No periodontal pockets were detected. No other tooth mobility was found. Radiographic evaluation showed an excellent condition of the remaining teeth, and there was adequate bone height of 15 mm. the remaining bone was of moderate quality. Alveolar bone had bone defect in missing teeth number 22 ( Figure 2). Labial bone dehiscence required bone augmentation in order to achieve long term success [11].

Treatment Option
The treatment options were discuss with patients and where summarized as following , implant supported crown of each missing tooth , or two implant supported bridge, FPD and RPD were presented to the patient, and the time, expenditure, advantages, and disadvantages of each plan were introduced. The patient wanted the best way for restoration, and she didn't care about the time consume. So she chose the implant denture finally.

Details of Treatment
Step 1. Preoperative radiograph examination Before start implant surgery and as a part of treatment plan process, the patient must have initial radiographic screening. Which is in this case was peri-apical X-ray accomplished by intraoral long cone paralleling technique.

Step 2. Oral hygiene instruction and scaling
The patient understanding of the financial, time, and maintenance requirements was crucial, and these obligations must be made clear to the patient initially and during subsequent appointments. Before the surgery, all the supragingival and subgingival calculus must be removed and blood screening test were performed.

Step 3. Onlay guided bone regeneration
The patient was informed about the common complications of the implant surgery that could happen, and then he signed a consent form. Because of the lack of enough bone, Onlay guided bone regeneration technique was used after implant J Dent Oral Health 2014 | Vol 2: 203 placement. Particulated bone and bone graft from the Bone-TrapTM collected during preparation of the implant site along with Bio-Oss granules for covering the implant [9].

Step 4. Sugical procedure
After local anesthesia injection, surgical stent was positioned and supported by adjacent teeth (Figure 3). A small, sharp-tipped guiding drill was used to create a precise, minimally invasive initial penetration through the mucosa and into bone to locate the exact position of planed implant (Figure 4).   Then full muco-periostal flap were reflected exposing the underplaying bone ( Figure 5). Position the surgical stent and prepare the implant site with correct angulations and depth for implant fixture (Figure 6). A 2mm diameter twist drill was used to drill to the desired depth. The site was 13mm in length. The direction indicator was used to check orientation.
The drill of 3.5mm in diameter was used to open out the cortical bone to the ￠3.5mm.Then the site was enlarged with the ￠4.3mm twist drill. Parallel pin was check in prepared site to evaluate parallelism of prepared implant site for optimal result (Figure 7).
Then screw the site. The Nobel® Replace Select tapered implant(￠4.3X13mm) and tapered implant(￠4.3X13mm) were inserted in the site of 11 and 22 respectively initially with an adapter attached to a special contra-angle at slow revolutions, and then by hands using tap wrench and ratchet wrench. The implant was placed with its head just below the crest of the bone, the implant internal triangle tip direct to labial. The insert torque was 45 Ncm (Figures 8&9).
The implant was placed with its head at crest bone level, and then put the healing screw on the abutment connection area. Bio-Oss and collagen membrane filled in spacing. The wound was sutured (Figures 10,11&12). The patient was informed to maintain the oral hygiene. 7-10 days later, she must come back    for the removal of the sutures and took a new radiographic for history information (Figure 13).
Step 6. Impression for the master cast After 4 weeks , the soft tissue healed perfectly. Removed the provisional bridge, and took impressions directly with polyether material for the working cast ( Figure 19).

Step 7. Try-in and cementation
The occlusal contacts should be checked with occlusal indicator papers before and after cementation. Finally, the metal ceramic bridge was cemented with glass ionomer cement (GIC) (Figure 20).
Then a radiograph was taken to verify seating of the restoration and acted as a record of alveolar bone status for comparison ( Figure 21). J Dent Oral Health 2014 | Vol 2: 203 Step 8. Periodic recall The patient was informed some knowledge about maintain the oral hygiene and using of the implant restoration. Recall the patient periodically. The patient was evaluated clinically and radiographically at 1 week, 1 months, 3 months, 6 months, and one year. The examinations should include mobility of implant, soundness and integrity of provisional crowns, periodontal status, and marginal bone resorption and so on.

Discussion and conclusion
Endosseous dental implants are a predictable modality of tooth replacement that can improve the dental health and quality of life for many people.
Different study conducted by many researches has reported that, the success and survival rate of dental implant placed in anterior maxilla are almost same to other segment of jaw [12]. However, there is often inadequate bone to receive and support implants. This can be the result of trauma, periodontal disease, endodontic infection, post-extraction ridge defects, disuse atrophy, etc. [13].
Successful implant placement in planed site required enough bone volume of sufficient density to enable an implant of the appropriate size to be placed in a desirable position and orientation.
Placement of bone grafts in conjunction with endosseous dental implant shortens the treatment time without influencing the success rate or increase the complication [14].
The interaction between the graft and the surrounding host bone is very important and is the subject of much research [15].
The degree of bone grafting required for implant placement varies from localized deficiencies to cases where there is a need to change the entire arch form and/or jaw relationship.
• Regeneration of extraction sockets.
• Regeneration of gaps around block grafts.
Using guide bone regeneration in construction of bone defects in predictable methods for regeneration of adequate bone volume for proper placement of dental implant. These can be simultaneously with implant placemat or staged approach [24].
Using of particular dental implant of specific body design and surface characteristic will influence the treatment success [25]. Tapered dental implant which mimicking the shape of natural root will have high initial stability [26]. The surface of dental implant using here is TiUnite surface, which enhanced osse-ointegration and anchorage in surrounding bone. In the long term, it maintains marginal bone and soft tissue levels, maximizing functional endurance and esthetics [27][28][29].
Here a grafting with particulated hydroxyapatite bone graft to cover implant threaded exposed and to establish good labial bone contour to improve esthetic.
Another pre-requesting of this case to achieve optimal result is soft tissue management. Successful dental implant restoration in issue framing esthetic zone required a healthy and correctly contoured soft tissue framing, which is defined as the gingival contour that surrounds the prosthesis [30,31]. Preservation of interdental papilla and gingival margin which is symmetrical with gingival architecture of adjacent gingival [32,33]. Achieving aesthetics interdental papilla which is completely fill the space between teeth or implants required interproximal bone crest of 5 mm. of estimated contact point in planned restoration [34,35].
Three dimensional position of implant required to achieve optimal emergence profile [36]. Mesiodistally positioning of implant required 1.5 mm space between implant and adjacent teeth or between implant / implant [32,36].
Labio-Palatel positioning is also important, too far labillay result in overcontouring of the crown and can cause recession due to decrease thickness of buccal bone [35]. While palatal positiong produce ridge lap which limiting the type of design and increasing the difficulty for maintenance [37][38][39]. The third position is apicoronal positiong , which if the implant is too far apically positiong they will be bone resorption and gingival recision. On other hand if there is coronal placement the esthetics may be comprmise due to visibility of implant shoulder [40]. The implant should be placed 1.5 mm to 3.0 mm below the CEJ for optimal implant esthetics [41].
Tissue training help to develop a proper emergence profile and natural tooth appearance, help in re-establish normal gingival tissue contours and interdental papillae [24]. Fabricating provisional restoration before inserting the final prosthesis which will improve esthetics.