Vet Med - Czech, 2007, 52(5):207-212 | DOI: 10.17221/2001-VETMED

Infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a young dog: a case report

O. Melter1,3, I. Stehlik2, H. Kinska1, I. Volfova1, V. Ticha1, D. Hulinska3
1 Labvet, Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, Prague, Czech Republic
2 Veterinary Clinic, Prague, Czech Republic
3 National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic

An 11-months-old male Golden Retriever occasionally found to have Ixodes ricinus ticks attached to the skin developed the acute onset of fever, lameness and inappetence followed by rapidly progressive depression, ataxia and reluctance to move. Inclusions (morulae) were observed in granulocytes. The blood analysis revealed severe thrombocytopoenia, lymphopoenia, eosinopoenia, elevation of alkaline phosphatase and hypercholesterolaemia, mostly suggestive of an Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. The amplification of a DNA sequence specific for Anaplasma phagocytophilum and detection of specific antibodies supported the diagnosis. Borrelia burgdorferi, another tick-borne pathogen, or specific antiborrelial IgG antibodies were not detected. The dog was treated with oral doxycycline for 14 days: clinical symptoms resolved within six days.

Keywords: anaplasmosis; infection; dog

Published: May 31, 2007  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Melter O, Stehlik I, Kinska H, Volfova I, Ticha V, Hulinska D. Infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a young dog: a case report. Vet Med-Czech. 2007;52(5):207-212. doi: 10.17221/2001-VETMED.
Download citation

References

  1. Beall M., Chandrashekar R., Eberts M. (2006): Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum: potential implications of co-infection on clinical presentation in the dog. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 20, 713-714.
  2. Bexfield N.H., Villiers E.J., Herrtage M.E. (2005): Immunemediated haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia associated with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a dog. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 46, 543-548. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  3. Bjoersdorff A. (2002): Canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis due to Anaplasma phagocytophila. In: Beugnet F. (ed.): Guide to Major Vector-borne Diseases of Pets. Merial, France. 123-127.
  4. Bush B.M. (1996): Interpretation of Laboratory Results for Small Animal Clinicians. Blackwell Science, New York. 273-276.
  5. Cohn L.A. (2003): Ehrlichiosis and related infections. Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice, 33, 863- 884. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  6. Dumler J.S., Barbet A.F., Bekker C.P., Dasch G.A., Palmer G.H., Ray S.C., Rikihisa Y., Rurangirwa F.R. (2001): Reorganization of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, descriptions of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and 'HGE agent' as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila. Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 51, 2145-2165. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  7. Egenvall A., Lilliehook I., Bjoersdorff A., Engvall E.O., Karlstam E., Artursson K., Heldtander M., Gunnarsson A. (2000): Detection of granulocytic Ehrlichia species DNA by PCR in persistently infected dogs. Veterinary Record, 146, 186-190. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  8. Engvall E.O., Petterson B., Person M., Artusson K., Johansson K.E. (1996): A 16S rRNA-based PCR assay for detection and identification of granulocytic Ehrlichia species in dogs, horses, and cattle. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 34, 2170-2174. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  9. Hulinska D., Votypka J., Valesova M. (1999): Persistence of Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii in patients with Lyme arthritis. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, 289, 301-318. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  10. Hulinska D., Votypka J., Plch J., Vlcek E., Valesova M., Bojar M., Hulinsky V., Smetana K. (2002): Molecular and microscopical evidence of Ehrlichia spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in patients, animals and ticks in the Czech Republic. New Microbiologica, 25, 437-448. Go to PubMed...
  11. Hulinska D., Langrova K., Pejcoch M., Pavlasek I. (2004): Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophila in animals by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica, 112, 239-247. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  12. Huml O., Cada F., Bohm, K., Velebny H. (1996): Granulocytic ehrlichiosis in a dog (in Czech). Veterinarstvi, 11, 464-466.
  13. Jackson C.A., Lovrich S.D., Agger W.A., Callister S.M. (2002): Reassessment of Midwestern lyme disease focus for Borrelia burgdorferi and the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 40, 2070-2073. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  14. Kirtz G., Leidinger E., Moser V. (2000): Canine granulocytare Ehrlichiose (CGE) bei einem Hund in Osterreich. Wiener Tierazliche Monatsschrift, 87, 241-246.
  15. Kirtz G., Meli M., Leidinger E., Ludwig P., Thum D., Czettel B., Kolbl S, Lutz H. (2005): Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a dog: identifying the causative agent using PCR. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 46, 300-303. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  16. Klimes J., Juricova Z., Literak I., Schanilec P., Trachta e Silva E. (2001): Prevalence of antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis and West Nile flaviviruses and the clinical signs of tick-borne encephalitis in dogs in the Czech Republic. Veterinary Record, 148, 17-20. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  17. Lester S.J., Breitschwerdt E.B., Collis C.D., Hegarty B.C. (2005): Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection (granulocytic anaplasmosis) in a dog from Vancouver Island. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 46, 825-827.
  18. Liddell A., Stockham S.L., Scott M.A., Sumer J.W., Paddock C.D., Gaudrealt-Keener M., Arens M.Q., Storch G.A. (2003): Predominance of Ehrlichia ewingii in Missouri dog. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 41, 4617-4622. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  19. Liebisch G., Thiet W., Liebisch A. (2006): Die canine monozytare (CME) und die canine granulozytäre Ehrlichiose (CGE), zwei durch Zecken ubertragene Infektionskrankheiten bei Hunden in Deutschland. Der Praktische Tierarzt, 87, 342-353.
  20. Marconi R.T., Garon C.F. (1992): Development of polymerase chain reaction primer sets for diagnosis of Lyme disease and for species-specific identification of Lyme disease isolates by 16S rRNA signature nucleotide analysis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 30, 2830-2834. Erratum in: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1993, 31, 1026. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  21. Neer T.M. (1998): Canine monocytic and granulocytic ehrlichiosis. In: Greene C.E. (ed.): Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. 2nd ed. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. 139-147.
  22. Poitout F.M., Shinozaki J.K., Stockwell P.J., Holland C.J., Shukla S.K. (2005): Genetic variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infecting dogs in Western Washington State. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 43, 796-801. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  23. Pusterla N., Huder J., Wolfensberger C., Litschi B., Parvis A., Lutz H.J. (1997): Granulocytic ehrlichiosis in two dogs in Switzerland. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 35, 2307-2309. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  24. Pusterla N., Pusterla J.B., Deplazes P., Wolfensberger C., Miller W., Horauf A., Reusch C., Lutz H. (1998): Seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis and of granulocytic ehrlichia infection in dogs in Switzerland. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 36, 3460-3462. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  25. Shaw S.E., Binns S.H., Birtles R.J, Day M.J, Smithson R., Kenny M.J. (2005): Molecular evidence of tick-transmitted infections in dogs and cats in the United Kingdom. Veterinary Record, 157, 645-648. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  26. Sirigireddy K.R., Ganta R.R. (2005): Multiplex detection of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species pathogens in peripheral blood by real-time reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction. Journal of Molecular Diagnostics, 7, 308-316. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  27. Stiles J. (2000): Canine rickettsial infections. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 30, 1135-1149. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  28. Svoboda M., Pospisil Z., Svobodova V., Klimes J., Knotek Z., Smola J., Toman M., Matouch O., Literak I., Cizek A., Treml F., Celer V., Zendulkova D., Lany P., Doubek J., Schanilec P., Vernerova E., Halouzka R., Kohout P., Srenk P., Barton J., Hera A. (2001): Infectious and parasitic diseases. In: Svoboda M., Senior D.F., Doubek J., Klimes J. (eds.): Disease of the Dog and Cat (in Czech). Noviko a.s., Brno. 1840-1841.
  29. Taboada, J. (1998): Babesiosis. In: Greene C.E. (ed.): Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. 473-481.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.