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İran’da iklim değişikliğinin, klimatolojik, meteorolojik ve hidrolojik afetlere etkisi

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 80, 97 - 114, 30.06.2022

Marjan Tourani Ayşe Çağlayan Veysel Işık Reza Saber

https://doi.org/10.17211/tcd.1085714
Cited By: 1

Öz

İklim değişikliği, çevreyi ve insan yaşamını pek çok bakımdan olumsuz etkilemektedir. Yerkürede
iklim değişikliğinin kanıtları yeterince kuvvetli ve ikna edicidir. Deniz seviyelerinin yükselmesi,
buzulların erimesi ve buzul alanlarının gerilemesi, yıllık yağış düzenlerinde ciddi değişimlerin
görülmesi ve küresel ısınmadaki artışlar belli başlı belirtilerdir. Araştırma bulguları ve tespitler
20. yüzyılın ortalarından bu yana değişimlerin temel nedeninin insan etkileri olduğunu ortaya
koymaktadır. Fosil yakıtların orantısız kullanımı atmosferdeki sera gazlarının hızlı artışına neden
olmuştur. Sera gazı seviyelerinde düşüş olmaz ise 2100 yılına kadar Dünya’nın ortalama sıcaklık
artışının 6.4 °C’ye ulaşabileceği ve ilişkili afet tehlikelerinin giderek artacağı yönünde sonuçlar
belirtilmektedir. İran, iklim değişikliğinin çevre ve toplum üzerindeki etkilerini ciddi artışlarla yaşayan
ülkeler arasındadır. 1900-1980 yılları arasında yılda gerçekleşen afet sayısı 100’ün altında
rapor edilmişken, 2000-2019 yılları arasında afet olayı sayısı yılda 400’e ulaşmıştır. Araştırmalar,
İran’da meydana gelen sel, fırtına, kuraklık, yer çökmesi ve orman yangınları gibi afet olaylarının
temel nedeninin iklim değişikliği olduğunu göstermektedir. İran, yaklaşık 687 milyon ton CO2
üretimi ile Orta Doğu’da iklim değişikliğinden sorumlu birinci, Dünya’da ise altıncı ülke sıralamasında
yer almaktadır. Gereken önlemlerin alınmaması durumunda önümüzdeki on yıl içerisinde
iklim ile ilişkili afetlerdeki artışın çok daha yüksek olacağına dikkat çekilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Küresel Isınma Sera Gazları Doğal Afetler İklim Değişikliği İran

Teşekkür

Yazarlar, titiz ve düzenli editörlüğü için dergi editörü Doç. Dr. Cihan BAYRAKDAR ile makaleye yapıcı önerileri ve değerli katkıları nedeniyle isimlerini belirtmeyen tüm hakemlere teşekkürü borç bilirler.

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The impact of climate change on climatological, meteorological, and hydrological disasters in Iran

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 80, 97 - 114, 30.06.2022

Marjan Tourani Ayşe Çağlayan Veysel Işık Reza Saber

https://doi.org/10.17211/tcd.1085714
Cited By: 1

Öz

Climate change adversely affects the environment and human life in many respects. The evidence
for climate change on earth is quite solid and convincing. Observable rises in sea levels,
melting of a glacier’s ice, the regression of the glacial areas, critical changes in annual precipitation
patterns, and global warming increases are specific evidence of climate change. Scientific
studies and experimental findings indicate the role of human effects as a primary reason
for the changes since the middle of the 20th century. The disproportionate use of fossil fuels
resulted in the rapid increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Without a significant
decrease in greenhouse gas levels, predictions demonstrate that the World’s average temperature
increase may reach 6.4 °C by 2100, and the associated disaster hazards will gradually
increase. Iran is among the countries that experience significant increases in climate change
effects on the environment and society. Between 1900-and 1980, the number of reported
disasters per year was below 100, whereas the annual number of disasters reached 400 between
2000 and 2019. Studies show that climate change is the main reason for disasters such
as floods, storms, droughts, land subsidence, and wildfires in Iran. With approximately 687
million tons of CO2 production, Iran ranks first country responsible for climate change in the
Middle East and the sixth country in the World. It is noted that without necessary precautions,
the increase in climate-related disasters will be much higher in the next ten years.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Global Warming Greenhouse Gases Natural Disasters Climate Change Iran

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  • Stern, N., Peters, S., Bakhshi, V., Bowen, A., Cameron, C., Catovsky, S., Crane, D., Cruickshank, S., Dietz, S., Edmonson, N., Garbett, S. L., Hamid, L., Hoffman, G., Ingram, D., Jones, B., Patmore, N., Radcliffe, H., Sathiyarajah, R., Stock, M., Taylor, C., Vernon, T., Wanjie, H., & Zenghelis, D. (2006). Stern review: the economics of climate change. HM Treasury, London.
  • Takagi, H., & Esteban, M. (2016). Statistics of tropical cyclone landfalls in the Philippines: unusual characteristics of 2013 Typhoon Haiyan. Natural Hazards, 80(1), 211–222. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11069-015-1965-6
  • Takagi, H., Esteban, M., Shibayama, T., Mikami, T., Matsumaru, R., De Leon, M., Thao, N. D., Oyama, T., & Nakamura, R. (2017). Track analysis, simulation, and field survey of the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan storm surge. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 10(1), 42-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12136
  • Tourani, M., Atabay, M., & Roustaei, M. A. (2018). Study of subsidence in the west of Golestan province using radar interferometry method. Geographical Planning of Space Quarterly Journal, Golestan University, 8(27), 117-128. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ ViewPaper.aspx?ID=691693
  • Tourani, M., Caglayan, A., Saber, R., & Isik, V. (2020, November 20- 22). Determintion of land subsidence in Gorgan plain with InSAR method (Golestan, NE Iran). [Conference presentation]. Geoscience for Society, Education and Environment, Chapter: 3.11,
  • Publisher: Romanian Society of Applied Geophysics (SGAR). https:// appliedgeophysics.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/3.11. GEOSCIENCE_FOR_ENVIRONMENT_Tourani-et-al.pdf
  • Tourani, M., Caglayan, A., Saber, R., & Isik, V. (2020, November 20- 22). Example of the biggest flood disaster in Iranian history: Golestan province (NE Iran). [Conference presentation]. Geoscience for Society, Education and Environment, Chapter: 1.2, Publisher: Romanian Society of Applied Geophysics (SGAR). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344546807_Example_ of_the_Biggest_Flood_Disaster_in_Iranian_History_Golestan_ Province_NE_Iran
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  • World Weather Attribution, (2021). Heavy rainfall which led to severe flooding in Western Europe made more likely by climate change. https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/heavy-rainfall- which-led-to-severe-flooding-in-western-europe-made-morelikely- by-climate-change/
  • Yin, J. (2013, December 10-14). Hurricane Sandy 2012 and impact of changing climate on tropical cyclones. [Conference presentation]. The Eighth Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering. Chennai, India. https://doi:10.3850/978-981-07-8012-8 212
  • Yoosef Doost, A., Yoosef Doost, I., Asghari, H., & Sadeghian, M. S. (2018). Comparison of HadCM3, CSIRO Mk3 and GFDL CM2.1 in Prediction the Climate Change in Taleghan River Basin. American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 6(3), 93-100. https://doi.10.12691/ajcea-6-3-1
  • Yousefi, A., & Jalilvand, H. (2010, May 5). Investigation of fire situation in forest and rangeland areas of Mazandaran province (general department of resources natural Sari) from 1994 to 2007. [Conference presentation]. Second International Conference on Climate Change and Tree Chronology in Caspian Ecosystems, Sari.
Toplam 125 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yer Bilimleri ve Jeoloji Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Marjan Tourani 0000-0003-3965-2244

Ayşe Çağlayan Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-4549-3262

Veysel Işık 0000-0003-0296-8237

Reza Saber 0000-0001-6173-0793

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Kabul Tarihi 28 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 80

Kaynak Göster

APA Tourani, M., Çağlayan, A., Işık, V., Saber, R. (2022). İran’da iklim değişikliğinin, klimatolojik, meteorolojik ve hidrolojik afetlere etkisi. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi(80), 97-114. https://doi.org/10.17211/tcd.1085714

Cited By

9 Haziran 2022 Erzincan Seli
Erzincan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.46790/erzisosbil.1206196
 Kapak Resmi İndir

Yayıncı: Türk Coğrafya Kurumu