Mexico ’ s Place-Names and Road-Names as Psycholinguistic Evidence in the Search for Al Dorado An analysis of the emergence of multimodal metaphors in the political-religious discourse

The paper explores the socio-cultural practice of place naming and road naming, using Conceptual Metaphor Theory as a framework to deconstruct the ‘Place Names’ and ‘Road Names’ of two important Spanish Missions that were part of North Mexico’s main routes in Nueva Hispania: the Santa Maria Valenciana of the Port of Saint Antoinette of the Bear, West Texas Bexar, now partly in New Mexico, and the Mission San Xavier de Baca, in Tuboc, Southern Tucson, Arizona. Conceptual metaphor theory and linguistic anthropology are combined for the theoretical grounding and data acquisition methods, forming conceptual metaphor mappings for the framework for a modern-day search for Al’Dorado. Gibbs (1994) and Lakoff & Johnson, (1999) research provide the theoretical foundations for this search for “the Lost City of Gold”. The assumptions of the cognitive mechanism of language will require establishing the conceptual mappings between the abstract place names from the ‘Royal Road’, the Camino Real and the ‘Rio Grande River-Route’. The physical source domain is the geographical and historical structures along the Roads and Missions that connect the Baja (lower) and Nuevo (upper) Camino Real. The study moves across New Mexico and Arizona, as they connect with a Spanish Moorish Mission, called the La Jornada. The Stations on the Cross(ing) along the Horn of Plenty may contain the material culture artifacts to establish a physical source domain, where the historical Lost City of Gold an are more than abstract legends, but may have come from the traveling caravans from Vispania along the Royal Road. The paper focuses on the Sandbar of Doyle, where the Sultan of Zandibar Santo Tovar, (Duval, Doyle) built an ancient Al Medina, or Alameda, the ‘City in the Middle’. The Chico Tovar as the architect and builder of Las Cruces New Mexico. The word Al’ Dorado translates into a Proper Noun, ‘the Golden Boy’, -n. the adored; but it also translates as ‘the Golden (Dorarthe Hardened Dome) City’-n creating with allusion and ellipsis in the ambiguity of finding Al-Dorado. Gibbs, (1994) and Lakoff & Johnson, (1999) research on conceptual metaphor theory can be used to as a framework to explore the social cultural practice of naming, and continue the search for Al’ Dorado. Two main coherent relations will appear in the language linking the Proper Names and Place Name: Hermigues, or Alfonso Hermigues of the Santa Cruz de los Reyes, with those who became Ordenes de San Fernando y San Hermenegildo. This was Herman’s Guild, Hermileone, and they controlled the dispatches along the Camino Real with the ‘Armados de la Camino Real’ (‘The Armed of the Camino Real’) who were ‘military or nobility’ hiding as ‘clergy’. They became the conversos at the Fall of the Moors in Muslim Spain. The Black Berry Cabeza de Baca caravans give us the ‘Moro’ Spanish Moors and here is are allusions to the Color and Herald of Black Salazars of Xavior The Chico Tovar, whose name is also ‘Zaed Bivar’ in New Spain, now part of New Mexico and Arizona.

The metaphorical use of the Golden properties of the physical-metal may itself by applied to disambiguate the historical events, and the Place Names and Road Names may offer information on saliency of events behind the practice of naming.
The word, Al' Dorado translates literally as the actual physical property of 'Durability'.But its metaphorical meanings may be identified through metonyms, allusions contain in the mythology surrounding the names and ellipses left out of the literal definition.In this way, Al Dorado may be instead a HERALDERY for LORD OF RETURN, Saint Valentine, or Boabadilla Vidal, Vidalez Villa Adelade across the 'Horn of Plenty'.The 'Young Infanta' and his Iron/ Fierro-made 'Sword' ('Tizona') of San Xavier de Baca ("Our Savior of Ar-Bakia") are allusions from the conceptual structural view of mappings.Gibbs, (1994) and Lakoff & Johnson, (1999) research on conceptual metaphor theory can be used to as a framework to explore the social cultural practice of naming, and continue the search for Al' Dorado.
Cognitive mapping theory give the 'abstract source domain' of 'conceptualizing place names' should be directly related to the memory of the 'historical events' surrounding the experiences and social practices of people (Gibbs, 2005(Gibbs, , 1994)).The language evidence should show the existence of a stable conceptual Signo [ISSN 1982[ISSN -2014]].Santa Cruz do Sul, v. 44, nº 79, p.These came to be called the 'Infantas' and were a very specific family of names of the route and these two Missions.
These famous Spanish names continued to mark the landmass, and routes, stations on the 'Green Road' following the 'Green River' up to Hannover (a deconstructed city), and then S-W to the Santa Cruz to the 'Green Cross' continue to allude to il'Infantado of Rodrigo Diaz de Leon's and his triumphant Military victories.And allusions to his name as the Al Dorado, continues to be found, even on the land grant title.
The 'Duran de Armijo' name was on the San Antonio Land grant to this specific area (ranch, territories of Arizona, New Mexico).Again, the name comes from 'Children of the Hardened' (cities of the Golden Domes), 'Duranes' (Hard, Doro).
The paper has demonstrated linguistic data The paper will explore 'Place Names' and   'Road Names' of  two important Spanish Missions and the roads connecting the Santa Maria Valenciana and the Port of Santa Antoinetta de Las Nieves de Bexar, 'La Dona (sor)Ana' at Las Cruces, New Mexico, and the San Xavier de Baca, at Tuboc, of Souther Tucson, Arizona.The use of the Spanish-Moorish Mission names and Proper names of the Families are used to continue the search for Al Dorado.And, social practices influence the cultural understanding of 'object worth' and are reflected in language itself, so the 'Plan of Action' behind the Spanish Expeditions into Mexico can be found to influence the social practice of 'Place Naming' in North Mexico.The paper explores these geopolitical and historical attributes of the land, road names, family names, land grant title, and river-route names to find the metaphorical mappings.For example, metaphorical entailments can stem from a physical object's value, such as Precious Metals (High Value: Gold) and be used as the abstract attribute of a Person or Place's High-Worth or High-Saliency.The capitalization of the first letter inside a paragraph, identifies it as a Concept.
mapping, supported in actual examples that maintain a stable pattern between the abstract linguistic categories of Place-names, Road-names, Pathhistory, Family-origin, Location and Contents.The physical source domain should provide the link to the historical context for the geopolitical events surrounding the Spanish Expeditions to these N-W parts of Mexico.Material culture artifacts should show stability with the assumption, and the primary source coming from linguistic anthropology, geopolitics and geographical characteristics.'Gold' as physical substance in the location of the City of Gold may instead come from a cultural value of Object-Worth that has shifted from another historical time of valued conquests of 'High Worth' to the Spanish Explorers, coming from a 'precious' 'Family Heraldry', of those residing on the San Antonio Spanish land grant called the Horn of Plenty.Both Spanish Mission in Old Mexico, now the United States borderland, were 'Stations on the Path' called the Camino Real del Sur, crossing at the 'City in the Center' (the Alameda was the 'Green Road'), and connected by the 'Green River', South to Sonora into the 'Green Grocer'.The Major Routes, called Baja (lower) and Nueva (upper) Camino Real extends up and across North Mexico, (now New Mexico and Arizona border) and were famous for being both landed and river routes.The shape contributes information on the historical routes and has parameters within the North and South Camino Real was known as the 'Hacienda de la Jornada'.The perceptual metaphor, 'Horn of Plenty' is a 'Spanish' land grant, with natural boundaries being river-routes, 'the Alameda', the 'Green Road' to 'Green River' of the 'Green Cross'.
Value and Composite Material (Iron), the Location of the Mine (North border of Horn of Plenty), and the Mythology of the Infantas of Al' Dorado, the Princess Fatima, and her descendants, including the 'Golden Boy' of the Santa Maria of Hercules.Various aspects of how these names can be translated point directly and indirectly to the Location of the lost cities of Al' Dorado.Doña Ana County, New Mexico was part of the San Antonio land grant, and was incorporated into the United States after a series of Wars with Texas between 1812 and the Lincoln County War of 1877.The 'Texas Compromise of 1853' claimed the land around the Rio Grande as the Western-border of Texas at Santa Antoinetta de Bejar, but the Gadsden Purchase solidified the politics, and the animosity between Mexico, Texas and California.New Mexico wasn't a State until 1912, culminated in the Mexican Revolution and Christero Wars of 1918-1933.By 1880 the Precidio of the 4-Mary's, the "Precidio of the Santa Maria" was still standing on the banks of the River Guadaliquivir.The Santa Maria was known as the 'Mountain of Hermigues', or Signo [ISSN 1982-2014].Santa Cruz do Sul, v. 44, nº 79, p. 108-121, jan./abril, 2019.http://online.unisc.br/seer/index.php/signo'Hercules' in reference to the Children of the Infantas.The 'Intantado' ('Infanta') or Child Kings, 'descendent of the 'Reign of the Lineage of Fatima', the Virgin of the Victory.The names Fatima and La Santa Maria Rodriguez de Bivar (the mother of Zaed the Champion), is a name which repeated itself often in the family tree of the 'Armijo' ('her children') of Duran ('the hardened' Sea Shell, dome), and can be traced to the 9 th century legends of the Princesses of the Fatimid Nazarin Expedition, whose marriage dowry was a whole City of Gold, and whose children continued to be called the 'Infantandos' of 'Duran de Armijo (Hermigues)'.The Jemes, or Hermes Mountains of SouthWestern New Mexico and the Robledo Mountains of Las Cruces, New Mexico were called Mounte Amun, where also we get M'ountHammon, Armijos.Hermigues of Leon, in reference to the Kings of Nvo.Leon (Licon, Lincoln, Lincoln County, Doña Ana).Various aspects of how these names can be translated point directly and indirectly to the Location of the lost cities of Al' Dorado.Hermigues Leon also means 'the Hardened Children of Leon'.The translations point to 'Al Dorado' as a most salient property: 'hardest material', assuming 'gold'.However, 'Hermigues' is also translated as 'Hercules' and means 'war-like people', and 'son of God'.Before 1912, Baja California extended to the Western border of the Rio Grande, at Las Cruces, New Mexico, Leon (Lincoln) County.As was the location of the 1877 Lincoln County Wars that lead to the incorporation of New Mexico and Arizona as official States.Both Missions were part of the Extremaduras of the same Spanish land grant, San Antonio.The Santa Maria de Dios (Dotis Santos), of the Santos de Leone, Hermi-Leone is the same family name that extends connecting the roads between Tuboc (Ar'Bakhia', Baca) Tizona Arizona and Mission San Xavier de Baca.The longitudinal marker is the lower boundary of the Hacienda of the Horn of Plenty.And the Contents of Al'Dorado inside the flask shape, with narrow opening at 'Door to Leon' County, El Paso Texas, Mesilla Nvo.Mexico (Lincoln, County) and the natural boundary across the Rio Grande at the Sierra Madre 'pass' (El Paso, Texas

(
Bird) Archers.The Archers lead the Spanish Expeditions along the river systems following the Green River from the Santa Maria to the Mission San Xavier de Baca, now in Tuboc, Arizona.The most famous Eagle Archer was known as San Vrain Estabanico (Saint Stephen, Saint Estebanico) who accompanied the Saint Genevieve (Agaba, Hagar, Hanover, Genoveva).Hagar 'Agaba' was City named after the Mother of the Seven Arabian Princes.The avenging of their deaths is what brought Zaed Rodriguez Diaz de Leon (Rodrigo de Leon) to the height of his power as 'Al A'Dorado'.He avenged the House of Leon and is hailed as supposedly stealing the Black Stone from the Muslim Kasbah.The Santa Cruz Green Cross is the River-Name and the location of the Hacienda in Tuboc Sonora named the 'Green Grocer' (Family names: Cross, Grow, Ross, Coss).The River flows (floods often) through Mission San Xavier de Baca across the W-E continental divide, and was a named for the Portuguese Order of the 'Bird Archers' (Nava'Arez, Nevarez) who were on the Expeditions through this part of Mexico when it was New Spain.The name goes back in history to the 'Valverde of Aviz' (Aviz, 'Green Valley of the Bird', 'Sign from Bird', 'Omen'), a monastic Mystic-Military order (Royal cadets, younger branches, not in line for the Throne) went into clergy and military orders which began as early as the 12 th century, and received the land grant from Maria Teresa of Hermes León.Maria Teresa was also the name of the coin minted and copied by the Austro-Hungarians.The route was specifically traveled during 1497, 1694, and 1774 conquests and exchanges of power, that always required the strategic capture (and pass over) the narrow mountainous region of 'Paso del Norte' (El Paso, 'The Pass') of the Ju'Arez into Mesilla, New Mexico, New Spain.Even the words Juarez has the root of 'Aretz' (Bird Archer).The 'Black Berry' is a Fruit-used as a metonym to stand for the People involved in these specific expeditions into North Mexico (now New Mexico and Arizona).The Camino Real ('Rua Belver', 'Route of Return') leads from the Santa Maria to the Mission San Xavier de Baca, (Baca, 'Berry'), which are both border cities of Juarez Mexico and Nogales Mexico.The Cabeza de Baca Expeditions were 'travels of the House of Berry'.The union of two colors (black and green) alludes to the Crest familiar alliance of Zaed Bivar with the Black Moors of New Spain, Ar'Bakhia (Baca, Black Berry) of the de Anza families already in Mexico since before the time of the Portuguese acquisitions of New Nevarez (Nava Aretz, New Bird Order)along and across the Green Road.They were called 'Bird Archers' because they actually made use of the Eagle in determining traversal route and alternative routes over moving rivers and marches.4.1 The River Road Names as a Cognitive Map The Missions: San Xavier de Baca (Tuboc, Arizona), and the removed (still are ruins) of the Alameda in Mesilla, or the Santa Maria Valencia at 'Villa Mesilla Zaedonia' (Mesilla, New Mexico) are two Missions are on the Continental Divide (E-W), and the arc between them comprises the lower route jornadas (stations) on the 'Camino Real del Sur'.The 'Green Road' of the Southern Camino Real connects them from Mission of Tuboc Arizona to Las Cruces, New Mexico.The 'Camino Real del Norte' was the 'Mexica' or river-cord connecting to the Acuna ('Luna') and the Rivers merged in a 'perfect cross', the River Signo [ISSN 1982-2014].Santa Cruz do Sul, v. 44, nº 79, p. 108-121, jan./abril, 2019.http://online.unisc.br/seer/index.php/signoAlameda E-W, and River Rio Grande (Guadalupe), N-S.The point where they met was the continental divide and the Santa Maria Valensia de Dios, which was a Precidio build to the '4 corners' of '4 points' of the 'Las Cruces', given the analogy to the '4 Marys' of the Biblical stories.But, the rivers still flow in opposing directions on the E-W and N-S axis in 'perfect cross' on the continental divide in Las Cruces, New Mexico and at Mission San Xavier.The attribute of creating perpendicular crossing of major water systems also contributed to the origin of the Nation-Name, Mexico, or 'umbilical cord to the Moon'.The was the 'door' to Lincoln (Leon County), over the El Paso passage into Dona Santillana.The names relate to geographical shape, contexts and color, and point out through allusion, ellipsis and metonym, to the entailments that show location.The name of the United States of America of Mexico comes from these attributes, and is the: 'lugar donde el significado que se le atribuyen a la palabra Mexico son: Mextli-"Luna", y Xitle-'Ombligo' y 'Co'-('Lugar').['The Place-origin, were comes the significance that is attributed to the word composition: 'Mextili' is 'Moon', and 'co' stands-for 'Place'].The names itself, MEXICO translates as: "EL LUGAR DEL OMBLIGO DE LA LUNA".The word 'Mexico' comes from 'Mextili' ('Luna', 'Moon'), and the rivers connections and at the loction 'controlled by the Moon' (Luna).These concepts go back as far as Pytheas and the legends of the Founding of the City of Massalia, based on the identification of exact latitude of Massalia in 1333 B.C.The main terminal point for this 'umbilical cord to the Luna' also, Acuña, last Mexican Emperor Maximilliano Luna, M.L. Savala y Saenz, c 1811-1881, held the keys to incorporation of North Mexico 'City of Mesilla' into the U.S. The Camino Road del Norte is more than 1,000 years old, and has been destroyed and rebuilt multiple times as adobe cities along the Rio Grande and at Mesilla (known as Melilla, Mel, Mextili that contains coherent relations between two domains: the physical world, where humans traveled the route, roads, rivers; and the families used those experiences in the abstract social practice of Place-Naming.These patterns are clearly supported in layers of changes in Names and Naming-events.Hannover, Genoveva is the name of the Mission in Mesilla, translated from Gweniviere and Kino Fifa, Genoveva.The variants are Agadir, Hagar, Rue Agadir (Rue'Addir, Latin) and Ryssadeiron (Greek).The 'City Name" comes from realm of Vispania across the Al'Meira, the ancient sea lane from Marseille to Mesilla New Mexico.Melilla is now Mesilla, New Mexico and was conquered by Valencian from Al'Andalus, South Spain 1497, 1694, and 1774.The Spanish-Moorish Mission and Proper-Names of the Roads and Walls can be used to continue the exploration and search for Al Dorado.The social practice of Place naming and the embodied historical experience influences the cultural understanding of objects and their creation and usage.In this case the 'Most Loved' may point instead to a man, a Champion in Battle, who had a high regard in history.The Al Dorado is of an 'object Goya painted for the Royal family.She was imprisoned there after the Fall of the House of Espinoza; she was "imprisoned but released to her father by the Alcalde Mayor, Miguel de la Vieaga y Volver', the Return of the Kings, was in reference to the 'Portuguese Princess Fatima'.And the youngest Infanta son, was 'El Chico', would avenge the Fall of the House of Agaba (Ar'Baca) and become the Xavier of the Tizona, Zaed Bivar who fought with the Spanish Kings Sancho Pansas.They had stolen the Black Stone of the Kasbah from the Carmentians.Alfonso Hermigues was known as 'Sancho Pansas' or Alfonso the oldest son of King Ferdinand and friend of Zaed 'Infante de Castillo' (1203-1272 c.e.).'El Cid' (Saddiq, Zayyid 'Lord'), the Champion in Battle, and the youngest of the Lara Marquez ('La Jara Marquez', 'The Jug of the Crown').Alfonso Hermigues followed the last Christian Gothic King to rule the Valeois of Acevedo (Acernus, 'of Maple wood').Maria "Fatima" Rodríguez Diaz de Bivar (1112-1199 c.e.) was the daughter of Ferdinand II, King of Leon, Castillos of Nueva Galicia named after Fatima Ourém and the legendary marriage dowry of Princess Fatima, who came with a whole city of Gold, Al Dorado.The Santa Maria Valenciana was a destroyed mosque on the water way city of the Alameda was named after the geopolitical location of the Continental Divide at St. Elmo's Fire.Saint Snow was the name of the West Texas Port of the Bear, These were all routes connected by waterway to what was ancient Mexico, New Spanish territories west of the Indian River opposite Anastasia Islands to Barth-Salome Baca y Ferrer, Castro (1824) and Josepha Del Espinosa de Las Floridas (1828), confirmed by the Supreme Court (American State Papers, vol. 5, Report 3, no.2, 1828).Mission Our Lord (Zayyid, Arabic) Xavier (Savior of Tizona) was from the intermarried familes of Ar'Baca (Black Berry) and Infanta Al'Duranes, and was the Rancho of the Olivera, where the Mission was also covered by domes that were Al'Dorado.The Black Berry is the House of Cabeza de Baca, in literal translation and it stands in allusion (points to, alludes to) to the Black Jaguar, House of Leon (Lion).The first Independent Emir of Cordoba Spain was Abd Ar'Rahman-I.The successors had a truce with Alfonso Hermigues, the 'Castillano', and Rodrigo 'Zaed' de Leon (MacNab, the shape is a 'flask' opening to the 'horn of plenty'.The road between the Mission San Xavier de Baca and the Santa Maria followed a geopolitical map, using the rivers to demarcate the boundaries of the 'abundance' of produce, 'product', and 'color' GREEN supplies Family Name, and produce by the 'Green Grocers' (Green Cross, Crosses, Grow, Rowe).The symbols are associated with Thanksgiving in the United States.And it is this point that the saliency may have shifted from 'fruit content' (family, lives in), or 'stage of journey' (arrival of the Saints to destination) of Expedition.For example, 'La Jornada' = 'etapa', (a stage; like stage coach) 'La Jornada' also means 'Tourism' = or 'Stages of a Journey', 'Station of Missions'.(Lucientesde Goya, Lucero Moya) when she married his son Salvador Manuel Duran de Armijo in Albuquerque New Mexico, Bernalillo County, New Spain.Found on census data at Alamogordo, Santa Fe, County, New Mexico, Hacienda de San Antonio, Signo [ISSN 1982-2014].Santa Cruz do Sul, v. 44, nº 79, p. 108-121, jan./abril, 2019.http://online.unisc.br/seer/index.php/signo'Hercules' (the Warrior, Champion of Battle) reclaimed the golden city of Al-Dorado on the Rua (Route) of Volver, (Belver: "the Return") of the Urraccan Pacheco Boabdil.The Mission Xavier de Baca was dedicated to 'El Cid' (Zaed), "The Xavier of Baca", Unifier of Spain, Galicia, Leon, from New Spain.Arizona and the San Antonio Spanish land (parts of Mexico, New Francisco Antonio Lucero y Goya worked for Charles IV of Spain (1800), and she was alive at the time that Signo [ISSN 1982-2014].Santa Cruz do Sul, v. 44, nº 79, p. 108-121, jan./abril, 2019.http://online.unisc.br/seer/index.php/signoSigno [ISSN 1982-2014].Santa Cruz do Sul, v. 44, nº 79, p. 108-121, jan./abril, 2019.http://online.unisc.br/seer/index.php/signoSan Vicente is the City-Name on the second largest mine in Mexico, now called 'the Kennecott Mexico's Place-Names and Road-Names Signo [ISSN 1982-2014].Santa Cruz do Sul, v. 44, nº 79, p. 108-121, jan./abril, 2019.http://online.unisc.br/seer/index.php/signoU.S. State papers was confirmed in 1828 to Francisco Ferreira Duran de Armijo and Dos Santos Rodriguez, starting at the Anastasia Islands of San Agustin Florida.