본 연구는 20~40대의 지적장애인 37명과 동일한 연령의 일반인 32명을 대상으로 신체활동량 수준과 신체조성, 체력수준, 심혈관질환 위험요인에 대하여 비교분석하여 동일연령에서의 차이를 살펴보고, 신체활동량 부족에 따른 심혈관질환 위험요인을 분석하여 지적장애인들의 신체활동에 대한 이해를 높이고 신체활동량 증가를 위한 접근방법 및 필요성을 제기하기 위하여 실시하였다. 신체활동량은 가속도계를 이용하여 측정하였으며, 신체조성 요인은 근육량, 체지방율, BMI, 허리둘레, 허벅지둘레, 종아리둘레를 측정하였다. 체력수준은 근력, 근지구력, 심폐지구력, 민첩성, 유연성을 측정하였고, 심혈관질환 위험요인으로 혈압, 공복혈당, HDL-C, LDL-C, 중성지방을 측정하였다. 첫째, 지적장애인과 동일한 연령의 일반인의 신체활동량, 신체조성, 체력수준, 심혈관질환 위험요인을 비교분석한 결과, 지적장애인이 일반인보다 보수와 고강도 활동량에서 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 신체조성은 지적장애인이 일반인보다 근육량, 허벅지둘레, 종아리둘레에서 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 체력수준은 지적장애인이 일반인보다 근력, 근지구력, 심폐지구력, 유연성, 민첩성이 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 심혈관질환 위험요인은 20대는 지적장애인이 일반인보다 고밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤, 30대는 수축기혈압, 이완기혈압에서 유의하게 낮게 나타났고, 40대는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 신체활동량과 체력수준, 심혈관질환 위험요인과의 상관관계를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 신체활동량과 체력의 상관관계는 활동 칼로리량, 보수, 고강도 활동량은 각각 근지구력, 근력, 심폐지구력, 유연성, 민첩성과 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 신체활동량과 심혈관질환 위험요인의 상관관계는 보수가 공복혈당, 총 콜레스테롤, 저밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤과 음의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 고밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤과 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 고강도 활동량은 고밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤과 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 체력과 심혈관질환 위험요인의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 근지구력은 수축기혈압과 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 공복혈당과 음의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 근력은 수축기혈압, 고밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤과 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 공복혈당과 음의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 심폐지구력은 고밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤과 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 공복혈당, 중성지방과 음의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 지적장애인과 일반인은 신체활동량, 신체조성, 체력수준, 심혈관질환 위험요인에서 지적장애인들이 신체활동량과 더불어 체력수준이 저하되어 있으며, 이는 심혈관질환 위험요인에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 지적장애인은 20대부터 신체활동량과 체력수준이 일반인보다 낮은 것으로 나타났으므로, 지적장애인의 신체활동 증진 프로그램을 위한 다양한 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.
This study were comparatively analyzed physical activity level, body composition, physical fitness level, and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Subjects were 37 adults with intellectual disability(ID) in their 20s~40s and 32 adults without intellectual disability of the same age. The analysis was performed in accordance with age between cardiovascular disease risk factors and activity lack. First, as result of comparing physical activity level, adults with ID had significantly lower steps and high intensity activity than adults without ID. As result of comparing body composition, adults with ID had significantly lower muscle mass, thigh circumference, and calf circumference than adults without ID. As result of comparing physical fitness level, adults with ID had significantly lower muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, and agility than adults without ID. As result of comparing cardiovascular disease risk factors, adults with ID had significantly low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the 20s, had significantly low systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the 30s, and were no significant values in the 40s. Second, As result of analyzing the correlation between physical activity and physical fitness level, the activity calories, steps, high intensity activities each had positive correlation with muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, and agility had negative correlation. As result of analyzing the correlation of cardiovascular disease risk factors, steps showed to have negative correlation with fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and had positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. High intensity activity showed to have positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. As results of analyzing the correlation between physical fitness and cardiovascular disease risk factors, muscular endurance showed to have positive correlation with systolic blood pressure and had negative correlation with fasting blood glucose. Cardiovascular endurance showed to have positive correlation with cardiovascular disease risk factors and negative correlation with fasting blood glucose and Triglyceride. Therefore, in physical activity, body composition, physical fitness level, and cardiovascular disease risk factors, low physical fitness level and physical activity showed that this gives significant influence to cardiovascular disease risk factors both adults with ID and without ID. It was especially shown that adults with ID starting from their 20s have lower physical activity and physical fitness level than without ID. In this reason, various physical activity enhancement programs are thought to be required in early adults with ID.
This study were comparatively analyzed physical activity level, body composition, physical fitness level, and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Subjects were 37 adults with intellectual disability(ID) in their 20s~40s and 32 adults without intellectual disability of the same age. The analysis was performed in accordance with age between cardiovascular disease risk factors and activity lack. First, as result of comparing physical activity level, adults with ID had significantly lower steps and high intensity activity than adults without ID. As result of comparing body composition, adults with ID had significantly lower muscle mass, thigh circumference, and calf circumference than adults without ID. As result of comparing physical fitness level, adults with ID had significantly lower muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, and agility than adults without ID. As result of comparing cardiovascular disease risk factors, adults with ID had significantly low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the 20s, had significantly low systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the 30s, and were no significant values in the 40s. Second, As result of analyzing the correlation between physical activity and physical fitness level, the activity calories, steps, high intensity activities each had positive correlation with muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, and agility had negative correlation. As result of analyzing the correlation of cardiovascular disease risk factors, steps showed to have negative correlation with fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and had positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. High intensity activity showed to have positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. As results of analyzing the correlation between physical fitness and cardiovascular disease risk factors, muscular endurance showed to have positive correlation with systolic blood pressure and had negative correlation with fasting blood glucose. Cardiovascular endurance showed to have positive correlation with cardiovascular disease risk factors and negative correlation with fasting blood glucose and Triglyceride. Therefore, in physical activity, body composition, physical fitness level, and cardiovascular disease risk factors, low physical fitness level and physical activity showed that this gives significant influence to cardiovascular disease risk factors both adults with ID and without ID. It was especially shown that adults with ID starting from their 20s have lower physical activity and physical fitness level than without ID. In this reason, various physical activity enhancement programs are thought to be required in early adults with ID.
