Correction: Production and Perception across three Hong Kong Cantonese consonant mergers: Community-and individual-level perspectives

​​This article details a correction to the article: Cheng, L. S. & Babel, M. & Yao, Y., (2022) “Production and perception across three Hong Kong Cantonese consonant mergers: Community- and individual-level perspectives”, Laboratory Phonology 13(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.16995/labphon.6461

lab la phon Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology Laboratory Phonology hon Page 16.An /ŋ/-initial word was erroneously coded as /n/-initial in the word list file that was joined with the production data.In this correction we update the analyses and provide new values and figures for the merger.We report these corrections with some of the original context.
Correction of this error alters the exact values reported for the initial two-raters inter-rater reliability for the /n/-and /ŋ/-initial words, which are reported in an updated version of Table 5.
The italicized values indicate a change from the original text.
Page 22.The section for the production results for the [ŋ]↔Ø merger in 3.1.3are updated here.
The amount of production data for the [ŋ]↔Ø merger is increased (n = 1170).Adjustments for the regression model output (Table 8), group-level visualization (Figure 6), and individual scatterplot (Figure 7) are presented.
The most relevant change is that the historical pattern is not statistically significant (p = 0.239), meaning there is no clear evidence of group-level contrast between [ŋ] and nullinitial (Table 8).This is consistent with individual-level patterning where none show robust contrastiveness (Figure 6).Visual interpretation of Figure 7 does not change: Although the corrected data show two more older individuals merging towards null (top right quadrant), younger speakers are still the majority of individuals merged towards null as six of the nine participants are younger.
Comparing across the three mergers, [ŋ]↔Ø is the only one that does not maintain clear patterns of community-wide contrast.We update the language surrounding the overall status of this merger in production:

Historical
For the [ŋ]↔Ø merger, the data suggest that all groups produce less null-initial for both historical categories, at a mean rate of 24% null (i.e., 76% [ŋ]).No one robustly maintains the contrast in production.

Figure 6 :
Figure 6: Group means and individual data points for proportion vowel-initial productions for historically [ŋ]-and null-initial words, faceted by age and gender.The lines connecting data points connect values for an individual.The shading of the individual points is to allow the visualization of individual overlap.

Figure 7 :
Figure 7: Proportion vowel-initial productions for historically [ŋ]-initial items (y-axis) and historically null-initial items (x-axis) for each individual.Women are plotted with circles and men with triangles.Older speakers are in red and younger speakers in blue.The values have been jittered to minimize overlap.

Figure 15 :
Figure15: Degree of merger in perception (y-axis) versus production (x-axis) for the three mergers.Merger in perception is the absolute value of category crispness and the merger in production is quantified as the absolute value of the difference in the proportions of the novel pronunciation for the two lexical sets for each merger.The range of the x-axis is from 1 (fully contrastive) to 0 (fully merged) to reflect the time course of change.The solid lines represent fitted lines to the data while the dashed lines represent a hypothetical fitted line if production and perception were perfectly correlated.

Figure 16 :Table 14 :
Figure16: DiffPP scores, calculated as the difference of production and perception measures (y-axis) versus production (x-axis, reversed) for the three mergers.DiffPP scores above zero represent individuals whose production is more contrastive (less merged) than perception while scores below zero represent individuals whose perception is more contrastive (less merged) than production.

Table 5 :
Inter-rater reliability measures for the auditory coding of critical items from the perspective of the historical phoneme.

Table 8 :
Model output for vowel initial and initial [ŋ] merger in production.Significant factors (α level = 0.05) are bolded.