초록

본 논문은 Cronbach와 Snow(1977)의 적성-처치 패러다임을 토대로 학습자 내적 요인과 학습자 외적 요인 간의 관계에 천착한 국내외 제2언어 습득 연구들을 집중적으로 살펴보았다. 이때 학습자 내적 요인으로는 국내외적으로 가장 활발한 연구가 이어지고 있는 인지적 개인차 변수(언어적성과 작업기억)에 그리고 학습자 외적 요인으로는 제2언어 교육 현장과 밀접한 관련을 지닌 수정적 피드백 및 목표 언어구조의 규칙 복잡성에 주목했다. 이를 위해 상기 세 변수와 관련된 다양한 이론적 구인에 대해 알아본 뒤, 이들 요인간의 상호작용을 다룬 국내외 선행연구를 비판적으로 고찰했다. 아울러 이들 연구가 제2언어로서의 한국어(Korean as a second language, KSL) 습득 연구자와 일선 교육현장에 어떤 시사점을 던져줄 수 있는지를 제안했다.

키워드

적성-처치 상호작용, 인지적 개인차, 언어적성, 작업기억, 수정적 피드백, 규칙 복잡성, 제2언어로서의 한국어

참고문헌(86)open

  1. [학위논문] 설수연 / 2011 / 서면으로 제공되는 수정적 피드백, 제2언어적성 및 학습자 태도가 한국어 조사 습득에 미치는 영향

  2. [학술지] 이은하 / 2014 / 개인차, 피드백 유형 및 규칙 복잡성 간의 상호작용이 한국어 학습자의 제2언어습득에 미치는 효과 연구 / 이중언어학 (54) : 273 ~ 314

  3. [학술지] Ahn, J. / 2016 / The effects of recasts and working memory on the development of implicit and explicit knowledge / Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 39 (1) : 1 ~ 25

  4. [학술지] Baddeley, A. / 2003 / Working memory and language : An overview / Journal of Communication Disorders 36 (3) : 189 ~ 208

  5. [단행본] Baddeley, A. D. / 1986 / Working memory / Oxford University Press

  6. [단행본] Baddeley, A. D. / 2007 / Working memory, thought, and action / Oxford University Press

  7. [단행본] Baddeley, A. D. / 1974 / Recent advances in learning and motivation Vol. 8 / Academic Press : 47 ~ 89

  8. [학술지] Bley-Vroman, R. / 1990 / The logical problem of foreign language learning / Linguistic Analysis 20 (1-2) : 3 ~ 49

  9. [단행본] Bloom, L. / 1974 / Language perspectives: Acquisition, retardation and intervention / University Park Press : 285 ~ 312

  10. [학술지] Carroll, J. B. / 1973 / Implications of aptitude test research and psycholinguistic theory for foreign-language teaching / Linguistics 11 (112) : 5 ~ 14

  11. [단행본] Carroll, J. B. / 1981 / Individual differences and universals in language leaning aptitude / Newbury House : 83 ~ 118

  12. [단행본] Carroll, J. B. / 1959 / Modern language aptitude test / Psychological Corporation

  13. [학술지] Carroll, S. / 1993 / Explicit and implicit negative feedback / Studies in Second Language Acquisition 15 (3) : 357 ~ 386

  14. [학술지] Collins, L. / 2009 / Some input on the easy/difficult grammar question : An empirical study / The Modern Language Journal 93 (3) : 336 ~ 353

  15. [학술지] Conway, A. R. A. / 2005 / Working memory span tasks : A methodological review and user’s guide / Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 12 (5) : 769 ~ 786

  16. [단행본] Cronbach, L. J. / 1981 / Aptitudes and instructional methods: A handbook for research on interactions / Irvington

  17. [학술지] Daneman, M. / 1980 / Individual differences in working memory and reading / Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 19 (4) : 450 ~ 466

  18. [단행본] de Graaff, R. / 2009 / The handbook of language teaching / Wiley-Blackwell : 726 ~ 755

  19. [학술지] DeKeyser, R. M. / 1995 / Learning second language grammar rules: An experiment with a miniature linguistic system / Studies in Second Language Acquisition 17 (3) : 379 ~ 410

  20. [학술지] DeKeyser, R. M. / 2000 / The robustness of critical period effects in second language acquisition / Studies in Second Language Acquisition 22 (4) : 499 ~ 533

  21. [학술지] DeKeyser, R. M / 2005 / What makes learning second-language grammar difficult? A review of issues / Language Learning 55 (s1) : 1 ~ 25

  22. [단행본] DeKeyser, R. M. / 2011 / Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning Vol. 2 / Routledge : 395 ~ 406

  23. [학술지] Dörnyei, Z. / 2003 / Attitudes, orientations, and motivations in language learning:Advances in theory, research, and applications / Language Learning 53 (s1) : 3 ~ 32

  24. [단행본] Dörnyei, Z. / 2005 / The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition / Lawrence Erlbaum

  25. [학술지] Dörnyei, Z. / 2006 / Individual differences in second language acquisition / AILA Review 19 (1) : 42 ~ 68

  26. [학술지] Dörnyei, Z. / 2009 / Individual differences: Interplay of learner characteristics and learning environment / Language Learning 5 (s1) : 230 ~ 248

  27. [단행본] Dörnyei, Z. / 2003 / The handbook of second language acquisition / Blackwell : 589 ~ 630

  28. [학술지] Ehrman, M. E. / 1998 / The modern language aptitude test for predicting learning success and advising students / Applied Language Learning 9 (1) : 31 ~ 70

  29. [학술지] Ehrman, M. E. / 2003 / A brief overview of individual differences in second language learning / System 31 (3) : 313 ~ 330

  30. [학술지] Ellis, N. C. / 1993 / Rules and instances in foreign language learning : Interactions of explicit and implicit knowledge / European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 5 (3) : 289 ~ 318

  31. [학술지] Ellis, N. C. / 2005 / At the interface : Dynamic interactions of explicit and implicit language knowledge / Studies in Second Language Acquisition 27 (2) : 305 ~ 352

  32. [학술지] Ellis, R. / 2001 / Introduction: Investigating form‐focused instruction / Language learning 51 (s1) : 1 ~ 46

  33. [학술지] Ellis, R. / 2008 / Investigating grammatical difficulty in second language learning : Implications for second language acquisition research and language testing / International Journal of Applied Linguistics 18 (1) : 4 ~ 22

  34. [학술지] Ellis, R. / 2006 / Implicit and explicit corrective feedback and the acquisition of L2 grammar / Studies in Second Language Acquisition 28 (2) : 339 ~ 368

  35. [단행본] Gass, S. / 1997 / Input, interaction, and the second language learner / Lawrence Erlaum

  36. [학술지] Gathercole, S. E. / 1994 / The children’s test of nonword repetition : A test of phonological working memory / Memory 2 (2) : 103 ~ 127

  37. [학술지] Grigorenko, E. L. / 2000 / A theory based approach to the measurement of foreign language learning ability : The CANAL-F theory and test / The Modern Language Journal 84 (3) : 390 ~ 405

  38. [단행본] Housen, A. / 2005 / Investigations in instructed second language acquisition / Mouton de Gruyter : 235 ~ 269

  39. [학술지] Hulstijn, J. / 1994 / Under what conditions does explicit knowledge of a second language facilitate the acquisition of implicit knowledge? A research proposal / AILA Review 11 : 97 ~ 112

  40. [학술지] Hummel, K. M. / 2009 / Aptitude, phonological memory, and second language proficiency in nonnovice adult learners / Applied Psycholinguistics 30 (2) : 225 ~ 249

  41. [학술지] Juffs, A. / 2011 / Aspects of working memory in L2 learning / Language Teaching 44 (2) : 137 ~ 166

  42. [단행본] Krashen, S. / 1981 / Second language acquisition and second language learning / Oxford University Press

  43. [단행본] Krashen, S. / 1982 / Principles and practice in second language acquisition / Pergamon

  44. [학술지] Leeman, J. / 2003 / Recasts and second language development / Studies in Second Language Acquisition 25 (1) : 37 ~ 63

  45. [학위논문] Li, S / 2010 / Corrective feedback in perspective: The interface between feedback type, proficiency, the choice of target structure, and learners’ individual differences in working memory and language analytic ability

  46. [학술지] Li, S. / 2010 / The effectiveness of corrective feedback in SLA : A meta-analysis / Language Learning 60 (2) : 309 ~ 365

  47. [단행본] Lightbown, P. M. / 1980 / Second language development: Trends and issues / Gunter Narr : 151 ~ 175

  48. [단행본] Long, M. H. / 2006 / Problems in SLA / Lawrence Erlbaum : 75 ~ 116

  49. [단행본] Long, M. H. / 2013 / Sensitive periods, language aptitude, and ultimate L2 attainment / John Benjamins : 3 ~ 41

  50. [학술지] Lyster, R. / 1997 / Corrective feedback and learner uptake / Studies in Second Language Acquisition 19 (1) : 37 ~ 66

  51. [학술지] Mackey, A. / 2010 / Exploring the relationship between modified output and working memory capacity / Language Learning 60 (3) : 501 ~ 533

  52. [단행본] Mackey, A. / 2002 / Individual differences and instructed language learning / John Benjamins : 181 ~ 209

  53. [단행본] MacWhinney, B. / 2001 / Cognition and second language instruction / Cambridge University Press : 69 ~ 90

  54. [단행본] Meara, P. / 2005 / LLAMA language aptitude tests / Lognostics

  55. [단행본] Miyake, A. / 1998 / Foreign language learning: Psycholinguistic studies on training and retention / Erlbaum : 339 ~ 364

  56. [학술지] Pienemann, M. / 1989 / Is language teachable? Psycholinguistic experiments and hypothesis / Applied Linguistics 10 (1) : 217 ~ 244

  57. [단행본] Pienemann, M. / 1987 / Applying second language acquisition research / National Curriculum Resource Centre, Adult Migrant Education Programme : 45 ~ 141

  58. [단행본] Pimsleur, P. / 1968 / Pimsleur language aptitude battery (PLAB) / Psychological Corporation

  59. [학술지] Révész, A. / 2012 / Working memory and the observed effectiveness of recasts on different L2 outcome measures / Language Learning 62 (1) : 93 ~ 132

  60. [학술지] Robinson, P. / 1996 / Learning simple and complex second language rules under implicit, incidental, rule-search, and instructed conditions / Studies in Second Language Acquisition 18 (1) : 27 ~ 67

  61. [학술지] Robinson, P. / 1997 / Individual differences and the fundamental similarity of implicit and explicit adult second language learning / Language Learning 47 (1) : 45 ~ 99

  62. [학술지] Robinson, P. / 2001 / Individual differences, cognitive abilities, aptitude complexes and learning conditions in second language acquisition / Second Language Research 17 (4) : 368 ~ 392

  63. [단행본] Robinson, P. / 2002 / Individual differences and instructed language learning / John Benjamins : 211 ~ 266

  64. [단행본] Robinson, P. / 2002 / Individual differences and instructed language learning / John Benjamins : 1 ~ 10

  65. [단행본] Robinson, P. / 2002 / Individual differences and instructed language learning / John Benjamins : 113 ~ 133

  66. [단행본] Sagarra, N. / 2007 / Conversational interaction in second language acquisition: A series of empirical studies / Oxford University Press : 229 ~ 248

  67. [학술지] Sagarra, N. / 2013 / Optimizing the noticing of recasts via Computer-delivered feedback: Evidence that oral input enhancement and working memory help second language learning / The Modern Language Journal 97 (1) : 196 ~ 216

  68. [학술지] Sato, M. / 2011 / Constitution of form-orientation : Contributions of context and explicit knowledge to learning from recasts / Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics 14 (1) : 1 ~ 28

  69. [단행본] Sawyer, M. / 2001 / Cognition and second language instruction / Cambridge University Press : 319 ~ 353

  70. [학술지] Schmidt, R. / 1990 / The role of consciousness in second language learning / Applied Linguistics 11 (2) : 129 ~ 158

  71. [학술지] Schmidt, R. / 1994 / Deconstructing consciousness in search of useful definitions for applied linguistics / AILA Review 11 : 11 ~ 26

  72. [단행본] Schmidt, R. / 2001 / Cognition and second language instruction / Cambridge University Press : 3 ~ 32

  73. [단행본] Schmidt, R. / 2010 / Proceedings of CLaSIC 2010 / National University of Singapore, Centre for Language Studies : 721 ~ 737

  74. [단행본] Sheen, Y. / 2007 / Conversational interaction in second language acquisition: A collection of empirical studies / Oxford University Press : 301 ~ 322

  75. [학술지] Sheen, Y. / 2010 / Differential effects of oral and written corrective feedback in the ESL classroom / Studies in Second Language Acquisition 32 (2) : 201 ~ 234

  76. [단행본] Sheen, Y. / 2011 / Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning Vol. 2 / Routledge : 593 ~ 610

  77. [단행본] Skehan, P. / 1989 / Individual differences in second language acquisition / Edward Arnold

  78. [단행본] Skehan, P. / 1998 / A cognitive approach to language learning / Oxford University Press

  79. [단행본] Skehan, P. / 2002 / Individual differences and instructed language learning / John Benjamins : 69 ~ 94

  80. [학술지] Spada, N. / 2010 / Interactions between type of instruction and type of language feature : A meta-analysis / Language Learning 60 (2) : 263 ~ 308

  81. [단행본] Trofimovich, P. / 2007 / Conversational interaction in second language acquisition:A series of empirical studies / Oxford University Press : 171 ~ 195

  82. [학술지] Wen, Z. / 2012 / Working memory and second language learning / International Journal of Applied Linguistics 22 (1) : 1 ~ 22

  83. [단행본] Wesche, M. / 1981 / Individual differences and universals in language learning aptitude / Newbury House : 119 ~ 154

  84. [학술지] Yang, Y. / 2010 / Effects of form-focused practice and feedback on chinese EFL learners’ acquisition of regular and irregular past tense forms / Studies in Second Language Acquisition 32 (2) : 235 ~ 263

  85. [학술지] Yilmaz, Y. / 2013 / Relative effects of explicit and implicit feedback : The role of working memory capacity and language analytic ability / Applied Linguistics 34 (3) : 344 ~ 368

  86. [학술지] Yilmaz, Y. / 2016 / The role of cognitive aptitudes for explicit language learning in the relative effects of explicit and implicit feedback / Bilingualism : Language and Cognition 19 (1) : 147 ~ 161