119-A PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND STRENGTHENING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Although already known the importance of exercise for improving health, treatment of diseases and disorders, its relation to strengthening the immune system apparently begins in the era epidemiological chronic degenerative diseases. On the data presented this study aims to understand what are the main benefits that physical activity practice brings to the proper functioning of the immune system as an ally to health. This study consists of a literature integrative review in order to understand and identify the main benefits of physical activity as strengthening tool of the immune system, from literature on the topic. The development of this integrative review started from the following question: What are the benefits that physical activity provides the immune system as allied health? This method of study aims to gather and synthesize results of research on a limited topic or issue in a systematic and orderly manner, contributing to the deepening of knowledge of the subject investigated (SOUZA, 2010). Given the above, based on the theme: The main benefits of physical activity as a strengthening tool of the immune system. We seek to highlight what each article brings similar and divergent for a better determination of the facts. Within this review include discussions on hypotheses and possible suggestions, based on the findings, to improve the process. The search of the studies took place in May 2016 and respected some of inclusion and exclusion criteria. As database was used the following sources: Virtual Health Library (VHL), database Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). these sources were chosen due to its credibility and quality found jobs. The selected descriptors for the search were: exercise, strengthening and immune system. We suggest conducting research with better control parameters in Brazil, which allow performing data intersections in subsequent ecological studies. Regarding the studies on adhesion, the main approach is to identify the determinants for adoption and maintenance in physical exercise, and to examine the prevalence of physical inactivity in the most remote regions of Brazil, confirming the known classical applications of epidemiology in the study of diseases in Cheers.

2002 and related to the topic, and these publications in Brazil and available in Portuguese, Spanish and English and studies available in full text.The exclusion criteria were discarded repeated articles, book chapters, dissertations, theses, reports, news, editorials, articles that did not correspond to the desired time period and that did not address the specific issue.
Through the analysis of the selected articles were found five articles that answered the inclusion criteria, all available in Portuguese.As regards the year of publication, an article was published in 2002, two in 2007, and in 2008 in 2011.Through these data it can be seen that there was a large-scale difference between the years of studies, as well as low in publishing this issue.
This indicates a lack in demand for particular topic.Regarding the type of study, four were literature review (LEANDRO (2007) ROSE (2002);.EARTH (2012), a bibliographical study (Krinski (2008), and an experimental study (BRUNELLI (2011) According to the survey data, we found that the studies address of the benefits that physical exercise brings to the immune system.
It is known that the practice of moderate physical activity causes a chance of an individual contracting some type of bacterial or viral pathology, as well as the same practice, more intense and prolonged way can just cause the opposite, while the first embodiment improves quality of the immune response, the second may ultimately cause an immunosuppression framework of this system, is what shows us some studies (BRUNELLI (2011); Krinski (2008); LEANDRO (2007) ROSE (2002), TERRA (2012. To validate such information some studies present theories that explain that there is the existence of a period of immunosuppression after high-intensity exercise training, as follows: Curve theory "J" Niemann and Canarella, the theory of open window Pedersen and Ullum and neuroendocrine model of Smith and Wiedeman (BRUNELLI (2011); Krinski (2008);.EARTH (2012) According Brunelli (2011), many cells are altered by the practice of some physical activity, leukocytes, e.g.responsible for protecting the body and antibody production, because it is very sensitive cells can be modified in the increase or functionality depending on the seasonality or the stressor agents which will be submitted, for example, exercise.in competing to macrophages, these act as phagocytic cells processing and presenting antigens.
It may be noted that the practice of physical exercises vigorously, that is for a long time, is presented as a factor that converges in a decrease in the number of macrophages that are destined to a region that presents inflammation installed.The above shortage is due to increased plasma contractions substances called catetocolaminas as well as inhibiting main complex action histocompatibility (MHC) belonging to class II, which is a key device of the immune system as engaged in antigen presentation, thus it is results in a significant decrease in antiviral function of macrophages (BRUNELLI (2011); Krinski (2008); LEANDRO (2007).
It is noteworthy that the practice of high-intensity physical activity helps to reduce the number of neutrophils.Already in relation to functional capacity, it is observed disagreement in the literature.Some studies indicate reduction of reactive oxygen intermediates and fall microbicide capacity, while others indicate greater chemotactic and phagocytosis capacity.It is noteworthy that although there are contradictions between the discussions of these data, they are not configured as mutually exclusive, a possible justification for such an occurrence would be possible methodological differences (LEANDRO (2007) ROSE (2002), TERRA (2012).
Regarding the natural killer (NK) cells, it is known that these show greater changes across the year.It points to evidence indicating a higher rate of NK cell activity in athletes under resting conditions, when compared to non-athletes, which in turn reaffirms the importance of regular physical exercise in order to strengthen the immune system, there is seen that these cells play a significant role in the first line of defense against viruses and chronic infections, as well as work in recognizing and combating of tumor cells in the body (BRUNELLI (2011); Krinski (2008); LEANDRO (2007); ROSA (2002 ), TERRA (2012).
It points out that the exercise denotes direct influence on the response of cytokines, which are protein molecules and low molecular weight.It is known that the aforementioned molecules act as regulatory devices and flags, which in turn facilitate the lymphocyte response, neutrophils, manócitos and other cells that fight the antigens, and act in the healing of damaged tissues.It is worth noting that small disruptions in miofribilas, which in turn are related to muscle contraction, are directly related to the responses of cytokines during physical exercise (Krinski (2008); LEANDRO (2007) ROSE (2002) .
Immunoglobulins, known as antibodies, are the basis of humoral immunity and are divided into five classes: A (IgA), D (IgD), E (IgE), G (IgG) and M (IgM) (Krinski (2008) ;.EARTH (2012) regarding the immunoglobulins related to physical activity, it should be to look again at the a (IgA), which is seen as the first barrier against pathogenic microorganisms, since this antibody class has predominance in mucosal secretions from the upper respiratory tract (Krinski (2008); TERRA (2012).
In all studies it is emphasized that the action of intense physical exercise impairs the functioning of the cells that make up the immune system and can be harmful to health.On the other hand these same studies show that physical activity regulated and associated with other factors such as good nutrition is beneficial to the immune system of individuals, in particular the prevention and combating of IVAS.

CONCLUSION
It is evident that the practice of moderate physical exercise is associated with improvement in neutrophil functions, macrophages and NK cells, which can cause in turn decline of infections and cancers.However, the exercise, when practiced intensely, is associated with increased occurrence of infectious diseases, especially of the upper airways (UAI).It follows therefore that when the exercise practiced within physiological limits, brings benefits to the body, including here the immune system.
As the number of the topic related publications is very scarce not get an accurate view of all the benefits that physical activity practice brings to the immune system, but from this we can identify the beneficial to have a higher prevalence .Therefore research related to this issue should be addressed more frequently.

ABSTRACT
Although already known the importance of exercise for improving health, treatment of diseases and disorders, its relation to strengthening the immune system apparently begins in the era epidemiological chronic degenerative diseases.On the data presented this study aims to understand what are the main benefits that physical activity practice brings to the proper functioning of the immune system as an ally to health.This study consists of a literature integrative review in order to understand and identify the main benefits of physical activity as strengthening tool of the immune system, from literature on the topic.The development of this integrative review started from the following question: What are the benefits that physical activity provides the immune system as allied health?This method of study aims to gather and synthesize results of research on a limited topic or issue in a systematic and orderly manner, contributing to the deepening of knowledge of the subject investigated (SOUZA, 2010).Given the above, based on the theme: The main benefits of physical activity as a strengthening tool of the immune system.We seek to highlight what each article brings similar and divergent for a better determination of the facts.Within this review include discussions on hypotheses and possible suggestions, based on the findings, to improve the process.The search of the studies took place in May 2016 and respected some of inclusion and exclusion criteria.As database was used the following sources: Virtual Health Library (VHL), database Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO).these sources were chosen due to its credibility and quality found jobs.The selected descriptors for the search were: exercise, strengthening and immune system.We suggest conducting research with better control parameters in Brazil, which allow performing data intersections in subsequent ecological studies.Regarding the studies on adhesion, the main approach is to identify the determinants for adoption and maintenance in physical exercise, and to examine the prevalence of physical inactivity in the most remote regions of Brazil, confirming the known classical applications of epidemiology in the study of diseases in Cheers.