The four new species Hyalochloria apicata, H. bispina, and H. marginatus from Brazil, and H. baranowskii from Panama and Trinidad, are described; H. rondoniensis Carvalho is synonymized under H. scutellata Henry; males of H. antilleana Carvalho and H. araripensis Carvalho are described for the first time; confusion pertaining to the identity of H. caviceps and H. unicolor is clarified; a lectotype for H. caviceps Reuter is redesignated; and numerous new distribution records are given. Photographs of adults, illustrations of male antennae, and a revised identification key to the 20 known species are provided to facilitate recognition.