Abstract
The support for multiple video streams in an ad-hoc wireless network requires appropriate routing and rate allocation measures ascertaining the set of links for transmitting each stream and the encoding rate of the video to be delivered over the chosen links. The routing and rate allocation procedures impact the sustained quality of each video stream measured as the mean squared error (MSE) distortion at the receiver, and the overall network congestion in terms of queuing delay per link. We study the trade-off between these two competing objectives in a convex optimization formulation, and discuss both centralized and distributed solutions for joint routing and rate allocation for multiple streams. For each stream, the optimal allocated rate strikes a balance between the selfish motive of minimizing video distortion and the global good of minimizing network congestions, while the routes are chosen over the least-congested links in the network. In addition to detailed analysis, network simulation results using ns-2 are presented for studying the optimal choice of parameters and to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed measures.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bertsekas, D., Gallager, R., 1987. Data Networks. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA.
Bicket, J., Aguayo, D., Biswas, S., Morris, R., 2005. Architecture and Evaluation of an Unplanned 802.11b Mesh Network. Proc. ACM 11th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MOBICOM’05). Cologne, Germany, p.31–42.
Biswas, S., Morris, R., 2005. ExOR: Opportunistic Multi-Hop Routing for Wireless Networks. Proc. ACM Conference on Communications Architectures, Protocols and Applications (SIGCOMM’05). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, p.133–144.
Boyd, S., Vandenberghe, L., 2004. Convex Optimization. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.
Cass, S., 2005. Viva mesh vegas (mesh wireless network). IEEE Spectrum, 42(1):48–53. [doi:10.1109/MSPEC.2005.1377876]
Chen, M., Zakhor, A., 2004. Rate Conterol for Streaming Video over Wireless. Proc. Twenty-third Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM’04). Hong Kong, China, p.1181–1190.
Clausen, T., Jacquest, P., 2003. Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR). RFC 3626.
de Couto, D., Aguayo, D., Chambers, B., Morris, R., 2002. Performance of Multihop Wireless Networks: Shortest Path Is Not Enough. Proc. ACM First Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks (HotNets-I). Princeton, New Jersey, USA, p.83–88.
de Couto, D.S.J., Aguayo, D., Bicket, J., Morris, R., 2003. A High-Throughput Path Metric for Multi-Hop Wirless Routing. Proc. ACM Ninth International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MOBICOM’03). San Diego, California, USA.
Ford, L.R.Jr, Fulkerson, D.R. 1962. Flows in Networks. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, USA.
Johnson, D.B., Maltz, D.B., 1996. Dynamic Source Routing in Ad hoc Wirless Networks. Mobile Computing. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Kelly, F.P., 1997. Charging and rate control for elastic traffic. European Trans. on Telecommunications, 8:33–37.
Kelly, F.P., Maulloo, A., Tan, D., 1998. Rate control for communication networks: Shadow prices, proportional fairness and stability. Journal of Operations Research Society, 49(3):237–252. [doi:10.1038/sj.jors.2600523]
Kleinrock, L., 1976. Queuing Systems, Volume II: Computer Applications. Wiley Interscience, New York, USA.
La, R.J., Anantharam, V., 2002. Utility-based rate control in the Internet for elastic traffic. IEEE Trans. on Networking, 10(2):272–286. [doi:10.1109/90.993307]
Lee, S.J., Gerla, M., 2000. SMR: Split Multi-Path Routing with Maximally Disjoint Paths in Ad hoc Networks. Technical Report, Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Lee, S.J., Gerla, M., Toh, C.K., 1999. A simulation study of table-driven and on-demand routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks. IEEE Network, 13(4):48–54. [doi:10.1109/65.777441]
Mao, S., Lin, S., Panwar, S.S., Wang, Y., Celebi, E., 2003. Video transport over ad-hoc networks: Multistream coding with multipath transport. IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communications, 21(10):1721–1737. [doi:10.1109/JSAC.2003.815965]
Marina, M.K., Das, S.R., 2001. On Demand Multi-Path Distance Vector Routing in Ad hoc Networks. Proc. IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols. Riverside, California, USA, p.14–23.
Nesterov, Y., Nemirovsky, A., 1994. Interior-Point Polynomial Methods in Convex Programming. Studies in Applied Mathematics, Vol. 13. SIAM, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Nguyen, T., Zakhor, A., 2004. Multiple sender distributed video streaming. IEEE Trans. on Multimedia, 6(2):315–326. [doi:10.1109/TMM.2003.822790]
Perkins, C.E., Bhagwat, P., 1994. Highly Dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV) for Moblie Computers. Proc. ACM Conference on Communications Architectures, Protocols and Applications (SIGCOMM’94). London, United Kingdom, p.234–244.
Perkins, C., Royer, E., Das, S., 2003. Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing. RFC 3561.
Rappaport, T.S., 1996. Wireless Communications Principles and Practice. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA.
Royer, E.M., Toh, C.K., 1999. A review of current routing protocols for ad hoc mobile wireless networks. IEEE Personal Communications, 6(2):46–55. [doi: 10.1109/98.760423]
Setton, E., Zhu, X., Girod, B., 2004. Congestion-Optimized Multi-Path Streaming of Video over Ad hoc Wireless Networks. Proc. IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME’04). Taipei, Taiwan, p.1619–1622.
Stuhlmüller, K., Färber, N., Link, M., Girod, B., 2000. Analysis of video transmission over lossy channels. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 18(6):1012–1032. [doi:10.1109/49.848253]
Wei, W., Zakhor, A., 2004. Robust Multi-Path Source Routing Protocol (RMPSR) for Video Communication over Wireless Ad hoc Networks. Proc. IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME’04). Taipei, Taiwan, p.1379–1382.
Zhu, X., Girod, B., 2005a. A Distributed Algorithm for Congestion-Minimized Multi-Path Routing over Ad hoc Networks. Proc. IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME’05). Amsterdam, The Netherlands, p.1484–1487.
Zhu, X., Girod, B., 2005b. Distributed Rate Allocation for Multi-Stream Video Transmission over Ad hoc Networks. Proc. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP’05). Genoa, Italy, p.157–160.
Zhu, X., Setton, E., Girod, B., 2005. Congestion-distortion optimized video transmission over ad hoc networks. EURASIP Journal of Signal Processing: Image Communications, 20(8):773–783. [doi:10.1016/j.image.2005.05.005]
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Project (No. CCR-0325639) partially supported by the National Science Foundation, USA
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhu, Xq., Singh, J.P. & Girod, B. Joint routing and rate allocation for multiple video streams in ad-hoc wireless networks. J. Zhejiang Univ. - Sci. A 7, 727–736 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2006.A0727
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2006.A0727