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Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) Seedling Emergence and Growth in Soils Amended with Composted Dairy Cattle Manure and Fresh Dairy Cattle Manure under Greenhouse Conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Karen J. Amisi  and
Doug Doohan
Karen J. Amisi
Affiliation:
Biology Department, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401
Doug Doohan*
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture & Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: doohan.1@osu.edu.
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Abstract

Organic soil amendments are known to affect the composition and density of annual weed communities. The objective of this research was to measure the effect on emergence and growth of redroot pigweed seedlings when soil was amended with composted dairy manure at 18, 36, and 54 T/ha, or with raw dairy manure at 41, 82, and 123 T/ha. Data recorded (1) seedling emergence over 12 days, (2) number of leaves and total leaf area, (3) shoot and root dry weight, and (4) seed number. Maximum seedling emergence (32%) occurred in nonamended soil (the control). Emergence declined in a linear fashion when soil was amended with manure or with compost. Compost additions affected seedling emergence more severely than did manure additions. For every measure of redroot pigweed growth except seed production, amendment with manure at 123 T/ha retarded growth compared to soil alone or compost-amended mixes. Manure applied at 82 T/ha reduced leaf area and plant height relative to other treatments. Growth of redroot pigweed in soil amended with compost at 36 and 54 T/ha was always equal to or greater than growth in soil that was not amended. Seed production in one of two runs of the experiment was more than double in soils amended with compost at 36 and 54 T/ha compared to the nonamended soil. These results suggest that amending soils with raw dairy manure may decrease the competitiveness of redroot pigweed, whereas amending with composted manure is likely to increase competitiveness.

Los tratamientos orgánicos al suelo son conocidos por afectar la composición y densidad de las comunidades anuales de maleza. El objetivo de esta investigación fue medir el efecto de la emergencia y el crecimiento de Amaranthus retroflexus cuando el suelo tratado con composta de estiércol de ganado estabulado a 18, 36 y 54 T/ha, o con estiércol de ganado vacuno lechero a 41, 82 y 123 T/ha. La información registrada fue: 1) Emergencia de las plantitas después de 12 días, 2) Número de hojas y el tamaño de las hojas, 3) Peso de los retoños y la raíz seca y, 4) Número de semillas. La emergencia máxima (32%) ocurrió en el suelo no tratado. La emergencia no tuvo éxito en una forma lineal cuando la tierra fue tratada con estiércol o con composta. La adición de la composta afectó la emergencia de las plantitas mucho más severamente que la adición de estiércol. Para cada medida de crecimiento de amaranthus retroflexus exceptuando la producción de semillas en suelo tratado con estiércol a 123 T/ha se retardó, el crecimiento comparado con aquel sembrado en terreno sin ningún tratamiento o en el que se adicionó composta múltiple. Estiércol aplicado en dosis de 82 T/ha, redujo el tamaño de la hoja y la altura de la planta en comparación a otros tratamientos. El crecimiento de redroot pigweed en suelo tratado con composta en dosis de 36 y 54 T/ha, fue igual o mejor al crecimiento de la planta en el suelo que no fue tratado. La producción de semilla en uno o dos tratamientos del experimento, fue más del doble en suelo tratado con composta en dosis de 36 y 54 T/ha comparado con el suelo no tratado. Los resultados sugieren que suelos tratados con estiércol de ganado vacuno lechero pueden disminuir la competencia de amaranthus retroflexus mientras que suelos tratados con estiércol composta incrementan la competencia.

Keywords

Redroot pigweedAmaranthus retroflexus L. AMAREOrganic soil amendmentsleaf areaseed production
Type
Notes
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 24 , Issue 1 , March 2010 , pp. 71 - 75
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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