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Response of Rice (Oryza sativa) to Low Rates of Glyphosate and Glufosinate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Brad Davis ,
Robert C. Scott ,
Jason K. Norsworthy  and
Edward Gbur
Brad Davis*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 2001 Highway 70 East, Lonoke, AR 72086
Robert C. Scott
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 2001 Highway 70 East, Lonoke, AR 72086
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Edward Gbur
Affiliation:
Agricultural Statistics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, 101 Agricultural Annex Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: bmdavis@uaex.edu.
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Abstract

Field studies were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff farm near Lonoke to evaluate and compare the effects of low rates of glufosinate and glyphosate on rice. Two rice cultivars were seeded, and glyphosate and glufosinate were applied at 1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 of the labeled use rate of 870 g ae ha−1 and 616 g ai ha−1, respectively, at the three- to four-leaf, panicle initiation (PI), and boot stages. Rice canopy height reductions, reduction in flag leaf length, prolonged maturity, and yield losses were caused by both herbicides at all evaluated application timings. Although both herbicides caused significant injury, symptoms varied greatly between the two herbicides. Glufosinate injury to rice was more rapid and visually intense than with glyphosate. Glufosinate symptoms, which consisted of rapid necrosis, were visible in 1 to 2 d, whereas glyphosate symptoms, stunting and chlorosis, became visible after 7 to 10 d or not at all depending on time of application. Glyphosate applied at the 1/2× rate to rice in the boot growth stage caused less than 10% injury at 3 wk after treatment but resulted in 80% yield loss. Glufosinate at boot caused 80% injury and 80% yield loss. Glyphosate symptoms from PI and boot timings were typically only visible at heading and included malformed panicles and shortened flag leaves. Harvested grain seed weights were reduced as much as 14% by either herbicide applied at PI and boot. Germination of harvested grain was not affected by any treatment. At the rates evaluated in this research, glufosinate-induced injury to rice can be just as detrimental as glyphosate in reducing yield.

Para evaluar y comparar los efectos de dosis bajas de glufosinato y glifosato en arroz, se hicieron estudios de campo en 2007 y 2008 en la granja Pine Bluff de la Universidad de Arkansas, cerca de Lonoke. Dos cultivares de arroz se sembraron y se les aplicó glifosato o glufosinato a 1/2, 1/4 y 1/8 de la dosis recomendada de 870 g ea ha−1 y 616 g ia ha−1, respectivamente, en la etapa de 3 a 4 hojas, la de inicio de la panícula y en la fase de embuchamiento. Las reducciones en la altura del dosel del arroz, la longitud de la hoja bandera, la madurez prolongada y la reducción en el rendimiento fueron causadas por ambos herbicidas en todos las etapa de aplicación evaluadas. Aunque estos herbicidas causaron una respuesta significativa en los parámetros medidos, los síntomas variaron mucho entre los dos. El daño al arroz causado por el glufosinato fue más rápido y visualmente más intenso que con el glifosato. Los síntomas del glufosinato, que consistieron en una necrosis rápida, fueron visibles en uno a dos días, mientras que los síntomas de glifosato, que fueron el retraso en el crecimiento y la clorosis, aparecieron después de 7 a 10 días, o no aparecieron, dependiendo de la etapa de la aplicación. El glifosato aplicado a 1/2 dosis al arroz en la fase de embuchamiento, causó menos del 10% de daño a las tres semanas después de la aplicación, pero resultó en 80% de pérdida en el rendimiento. El glufosinato en la etapa de embuchamiento causó 80% de daño y 80% de pérdida en el rendimiento. Los síntomas causados por la aplicación de glifosato en la fase de inicio de la panícula y de embuchamiento, típicamente sólo se hicieron visibles al formarse las panojas e incluyeron panículas deformadas y hojas bandera más cortas. El peso del grano cosechado se redujo hasta 14% por el efecto de cualquiera de los dos herbicidas aplicados al inicio de la panícula y en la fase de embuchamiento. La germinación del grano cosechado no se vio afectada por ninguno de los tratamientos. Considerando las dosis evaluadas en esta investigación, se concluye que el daño al arroz inducido por el glufosinato puede ser tan perjudicial como el causado por el glifosato en la reducción del rendimiento.

Keywords

Glufosinateglyphosaterice, Oryza sativa L. ‘XL723’, ‘Wells’Crop injuryherbicide driftoff-target movementrice germination
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 25 , Issue 2 , June 2011 , pp. 198 - 203
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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