Emerging Trends in National Financial Inclusion Strategies that Support Women’s Entrepreneurship

tarting a business is a way for women to generate income and become more resilient when dealing with shocks. However, large gender gaps in formal entrepreneurship impede women’s livelihoods and global development. The persistence of gender-based barriers—notably, unequal access to financial accounts, constrained credit, and normative roles that keep women in the role of primary caregivers—underscores the need for broader support and regulatory reform, including reform of the financial sector. This Brief presents data collected by the World Bank’s Women, Business and the Law (WBL) project on selected contours of National Financial Inclusion Strategies that can support women’s entrepreneurship. In all, 52 economies worldwide had valid financial inclusion strategies in force as of June 30, 2022. An increasing number are now highlighting the need to promote women’s financial inclusion. However, as this initial foray shows, more could be done in National Financial Inclusion Strategies to promote credit to women entrepreneurs and enhance the national-level collection and reporting of financial data disaggregated by sex. The analysis also shows that the field for developing indicators at both the policy and regulatory level remains ripe for exploration by the WBL project and others.

Gender gaps are apparent in all three of the enablers of women's entrepreneurship-the ability to nancially transact, access credit, and own property. For instance, the new 2021 Global Findex Report nds that 74 percent of men in developing countries have a bank account compared to only 68 percent of women (Demirgüç-Kunt et al. 2022). However, these averages mask the even higher gaps in certain countries, such as Algeria, Côte d'Ivoire, and Jordan, where the gender gap in account access exceeds 25 percentage points. Data also show that micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) owned by women have been left with an estimated $1.7 trillion of unmet credit demand (IFC 2017). In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, women-owned rms were more than twice as likely to have their loan applications rejected than male-owned rms (Hyland et al. 2021).
Property-wise, women only own 20 percent of the world's land (Villa 2017). An Africa-wide analysis found that with smaller asset ownership, women still struggle to get loans of the same size as men (World Bank Group 2019). e more that can be understood from data about how countries vary in rates of women's entrepreneurship and success, and how countries compare in enabling environments for women's entrepreneurship, the more peer learning between governments can take place. Analysis by the Mastercard Foundation shows that women in Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi, the Philippines, Uganda, and Vietnam are making business inroads in entrepreneurship rates and progress beyond expectations, given local infrastructure and cultural contexts (Mastercard 2022).
Creating an enabling regulatory and policy framework is an important step toward increasing women's nancial inclusion. e more governments and policy makers know about the di erent needs, aspirations, and challenges that diverse underserved groups are facing, the more they can target strategies and initiatives to reach such segments. e more providers know about their enterprising female customers, the better they can serve them. Analysis by nancial service providers of nancial data disaggregated by sex has led them to enhance channels for women to cash in and cash out of their accounts, develop new products, and target customers more appropriately with nancial products (Iskenderian 2022). For all these reasons, the collection of nancial data disaggregated by sex is an important rst step toward expanding women entrepreneurs' access to and use of nancial services (GBA, Data2X, and FOMIN 2019).

A robust legal environment is needed to encourage women's entrepreneurship
e Women, Business and the Law (WBL) project measures legal and regulatory barriers to women's economic opportunities across eight indicators following the life cycle of a working woman. Two of these indicators are particularly relevant for women's entrepreneurship: the Entrepreneurship indicator and the Assets indicator. Questions on women's agency, present in other indicators, are also relevant in this context (box 1).
Scores on WBL's Assets indicator have varied considerably across its components and across economies over the past 52 years. Even today, 76 of the 190 economies measured by WBL restrict women's property rights. Women do not have equal ownership rights to immovable property in 19 economies; daughters do not have the same inheritance rights as sons in 41 economies; wives do not have the same inheritance rights as husbands in 43 economies; wives do not have equal administrative control over marital assets in 18 economies; and the law does not provide for the valuation of nonmonetary contributions to the family in 57 economies. ese data indicate that regulatory and policy barriers still restrict women's nancial inclusion.
While areas measured by the Assets indicator have undergone a slow pace of reform over the past 52 years, the Entrepreneurship indicator shows that over the same time span, 107 economies have undertaken 124 positive reforms. As of 2023, only 2 economies do not allow women to sign contracts in the same way as men; only 5 economies do not impose the same legal requirements for men and women to register a business; and only 6 economies do not allow women to open a bank account in the same way as a man. Given that much progress has been achieved under the Entrepreneurship indicator,

Box 1
Several existing Women, Business and the Law (WBL) indicators measure legal and regulatory barriers for women to set up and run a business many of the measured legal restrictions have become nearly obsolete. Instead, attention should shift to implementation of reforms (box 2).
is means that most of the variation in the Entrepreneurship indicator is driven by the question of whether the law prohibits discrimination in access to credit. To this point, 101 economies lack legal provisions prohibiting discrimination against women in access to credit. Analysis by the WBL project shows that more women have accounts at nancial institutions and debit cards in economies where the law prohibits discrimination based on gender in access to credit ( gure 1). is analysis suggests the importance of laws for women's nancial inclusion and opens an avenue for deeper analysis on how laws and policies can support women's nancial inclusion under the indicator.
Even today, 55 economies have legal restrictions that constrain women's freedom of movement. In 34 economies, a women cannot choose where to live in the same way as a man (usually married women are required to follow their husbands); and in 14 economies, women cannot travel outside their homes in the same way as men (often married women need permission from their husbands). In 28 economies, procedures for passport applications are di erent for men and women; in 10 economies women cannot travel internationally in the same way as men. Eighteen economies have legal provisions that require wives to obey their husbands, and in 28 economies, women cannot be designated heads of household in the same way as men.

Expanding the scope of Women, Business and the Law legal indicators
Background research and discussions between the WBL team and nancial sector experts, including the Consultive Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP), identi ed several policies related to the enabling policy and regulatory environment for women's entrepreneurship that need to be strengthened in order to promote women's nancial inclusion and enable women's entrepreneurship. ese include the need for nancial institutions to collect, analyze, and properly use sex-disaggregated data; improving access to insurance; enhancing

Box 2
De jure and de facto barriers to women's financial inclusion the credit they seek, except in high-income countries (Bertrand and Perrin 2022).
CGAP has developed a social norms technical guide on how to factor in gender norms when designing market systems interventions and has begun to take these analytical approaches into the policy space with legislative analysis on Ghana and Pakistan (Falsini and Imboden 2021;Rashid and Imboden 2021). Context-speci c diagnostics to complement regulatory analyses are crucial for our understanding of when and how regulation can be leveraged and adapted to its full potential. ey begin with understanding why the system is not working as intended; identifying the behaviors that hinder desired outcomes, and understanding the norms and structural factors that drive those behaviors. is informs a vision of how the system can change to work as intended, spurring norm-aware, or norm-transformative interventions, the impact of which must be monitored to identify if and when adaptations are needed (Koning, Ledgerwood, and Singh 2021).
Regulatory initiatives are not a silver bullet for women's nancial inclusion. Gender-related social and cultural norms play a role in in uencing regulators' interpretation and implementation of policy guidelines, as well as their motivation and capacity for the enforcement of regulations. Social norms also in uence women's willingness and ability to take advantage of opportunities presented by new regulatory environments and how nancial service providers, policy makers, and other stakeholders behave.
Recent economic modeling shows that where legal protections are in place preventing providers from discriminating against women (in the form of broad anti-discrimination clauses in the constitution or explicit prohibitions against gender-based discrimination in access to credit in legislation), women are more likely to ask for credit, except in Muslim-majority countries. However, such legal protections do not make providers more likely to grant women ht t ps: / / www. i eseg. f r / wp-cont ent / upl oads/ 2022/ 01/ 2022-ACF-01. pdf ht t ps: / / www. i eseg. f r / wp-cont ent / upl oads/ 2022/ 01/ 2022-ACF-01. pdf ht t ps: / / www. f i ndevgat eway. or g/ si t es/ def aul t / f i l es/ user s/ user 341/ Fi nEqui t y-Gender _nor ms_af f ect i ng_DFS_enabl er s_Ghana_2021. pdf

Figure 1
More women have an account at a financial institution and own debit cards where the law prohibits gender discrimination in access to credit 70% 52% Yes No

Percent of females age 15+
Does the law prohibit discrimination in access to credit based on gender?
Does the law prohibit discrimination in access to credit based on gender?
a. Holds an account in a financial institution, female is Brief presents new data collected by the WBL project on legal and policy approaches to promote women's nancial inclusion to assess the possibility of expanding the WBL index (box 3). e data were collected in the summer of 2021 through WBL's network of more than 2000 local legal experts. e data collection was supplemented by desk research of the team and methodological review by CGAP experts.
Only valid (current), o cial, government-issued national nancial inclusion strategies, plans, or policies are considered. e analysis nds that 8 economies had a nancial inclusion strategy at some point, but it has expired. Currently, 52 economies out of 190 have an NFIS. Of these 52, 44 economies speci cally highlight the need to promote women's nancial inclusion in their NFISs (map 1).
is means that the national nancial inclusion strategy, plan, or policy states women's nancial inclusion as one of its objectives or lists women as one of its target groups. General gender equality strategies that do not su ciently address nancial inclusion and nancial literacy strategies do not qualify under WBL's methodology as an NFIS.
In economies that already have high levels of nancial inclusion, the need for inaugurating national nancial inclusion strategies seems moot. Of the 123 economies covered by the 2021 Global Findex, 37 have nancial inclusion rates of 95 percent or above. With the exception of Mongolia and ailand, all are high-income economies. Australia is the only economy among the 37 that has an NFIS. Among the 42 high-income economies covered by the Global Findex in 2021, 90 percent of the population has access to an account in all but ve: Chile, Hungary, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Uruguay.
After ruling out OECD high-income economies that already have high levels of nancial inclusion, South Asia is the world region with the highest proportion of economies that have an NFIS, followed by Sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia and the Paci c (table 1). e degree to which NFIS highlight women as a priority segment varies. Very often, women are lumped together with many other groups-of which they may also form a part-such as young persons, senior citizens, and persons with disabilities. However, 17 economies reference targets for women's nancial inclusion in their NFIS (though in two of them, the Philippines and Uganda, the targets are still to be determined).
For example, Cambodia's National Financial Inclusion Strategy 2019-2025 recognizes the inter-sectional nature of women's identities and identi es ve target markets: the formally employed, informally employed, self-employed, farmers, and dependents (Royal Government of Cambodia 2019). It looks at sex-disaggregated trends within each. Cambodia's Strategy commits to reducing women's nancial exclusion by half, from 27 percent to 13 percent. Progress for women is called out despite the fact that men and women's average formal nancial inclusion rates are nearly equal, according to Cambodia's latest FinScope survey (Cenfri 2017). is is particularly relevant because at the margins, women are often the most di cult to reach and without concerted e orts, progress for men's nancial consumer protection frameworks; developing appropriate tiered know-your-customer (KYC) requirements (including e-KYC); encouraging greater diversity in public procurement; and closing the digital access divide. With the advice of CGAP and other experts, WBL is exploring the expansion of existing questions to better re ect new realities.
Over the years, CGAP has engaged with international standard-setting bodies and consortia to advance the women's nancial inclusion agenda. Because WBL largely measures the de jure environment, national nancial inclusion strategies (NFIS) are taken as the starting point for understanding the level of commitment to women's nancial inclusion at the highest governmental level, tting in with WBL's data collection and methodological frameworks. NFISs serve as roadmaps of actions, agreed and de ned at the national or subnational level, that stakeholders follow to achieve nancial inclusion objectives (World Bank 2015). In 2009, the Group of Twenty (G20) at its Pittsburgh Summit made nancial inclusion one of its pillars as it pledged "to adopt the policies needed to lay the foundation for strong, sustained and balanced growth in the 21st century" (Reuters 2009). In doing so, it committed to improving access to nancial services for the poor. Subsequently, the G20's Financial Inclusion Experts Group identi ed nine principles for innovative nancial inclusion, catalyzing the creation of the Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion (GPFI) in 2010. e GPFI is a global platform that aims to carry forward work on nancial inclusion. Its establishment was a driving force behind the creation of national nancial inclusion strategies. In 2011, the Alliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI), an alliance of central banks and nancial sector regulatory institutions, launched the Maya Declaration. is represented the rst global and measurable set of commitments by the governments of developing countries and emerging markets toward advancing the nancial inclusion agenda. Ten years was considered a realistic goal within which most developing countries and emerging markets could achieve universal nancial inclusion (GPFI 2011). Over a decade later, it is clear how overly ambitious that goal was.
Following the release of the Global Findex data in 2015, which showed a persistent gender gap in nancial inclusion around the world, a concerted e ort began to apply a gender lens to national nancial inclusion strategies. is was bolstered in 2016, when AFI members signaled their commitment to closing the gender gap in nancial inclusion by endorsing the Denarau Action Plan. Signatories committed themselves to "consider and implement best practices in integrating policies for women's nancial inclusion and gender considerations within national nancial inclusion strategies" (AFI 2016). e relatively recent rise of NFISs, and their approach to gender equality, provides an opportunity for new waves of policy reforms relevant to women's entrepreneurship.
is was called out by the Economist Intelligence Unit 2019 Microscope, which covers 55 economies, and found that only one-third of countries in the 2019 Microscope included a gender approach in their nancial inclusion strategies, and even fewer had set clear, gender-related goals (EIU 2019). Greater focus on women's nancial inclusion is particularly bolstered by initiatives such as the mainstreaming of gender in all of AFI's working groups, which share best practices and produce guidance; gender-based trainings for regulators o ered by a host of di erent training institutions; and ongoing research on the evidence base for what proves e ective in promoting women's nancial inclusion. Highlighting gender in national nancial inclusion strategies is a necessary but not su cient step in achieving greater women's nancial inclusion.

National Financial Inclusion Strategies are underutilized to promote women's access to credit
While women entrepreneurs require an array of tailored/gendered financial products and services to enable their businesses, credit is consistently cited as a crucial constraint and an area where gender biases and discrimination manifest (see, for example, Alibhai et al. 2019). WBL identi ed at least 10 NFISs that speci cally

Region
Percentage of economies in the region that have NFIS

Number of NFIS that call out women's nancial inclusion
South Asia h t t p s : / / w w w . c a f . c o m / e n / c u r r e n t l y / n e w s / 2 0 2 2 / 0 4 / c o s t a -r i c a -l a u n c h e s -w o m e n -s -f i n a n c i a l -i n c l u s i o n -p r o j e c t / ht t ps: / / www. worl dbank. org/ en/ publ i cat i on/ gl obal f i ndex/ Report popular gender-sensitive measure among countries in the IMF's Financial Access COVID-19 Policy Tracker were income support and nancial assistance to SMEs (adopted by more than half of the countries in the sample). In low-income countries, loan assistance to SMEs was the most commonly used measure, while in middle-income and high-income economies both income support and nancial assistance to SMEs were popular (Tang et al. 2021). e IMF assessed such measures for their likelihood of positively impacting women (for example, if initiatives included sectors where women were heavily concentrated) or their explicit targeting of women.

Few National Financial Inclusion Strategies call for collection of sex-disaggregated data
Supply-side data provide insights on access and usage patterns of users of nancial services. Such data are derived from nancial services providers and are based on transactions that can be documented as administrative data. e IMF Financial Access Surveys (FAS) collect supply-side data with more than 100 data series (IMF 2021). As of October 2021, 71 jurisdictions out of 165 submitted at least some data disaggregated by sex. By contrast, demand-side data are collected from consumers, and can give greater insights into use of informal nancial services, how people manage risk, and actual or perceived barriers to people leveraging nancial services.
WBL identi ed at least 13 economies that mention sex-disaggregated data reporting in their NFIS ( gure 2); however, practices vary widely on reporting and collection requirements, and many strategies are silent on what types of analytics are to be conducted to inform policy. While some strategies, such as in Sri Lanka, commit the government to regularly collect demand-side data (Central Bank of Sri Lanka 2021), others, like Tanzania's NFIS lay out a set of basic indicators to be collected by nancial service providers, and demand-side surveys without a given timeframe (National Financial Inclusion Council of Tanzania 2018). Tanzania's strategy posits that indicators will be collected and reported on the bases of gender, business type (MSMEs), and age structure (including youth).
Fiji's NFIS is unique in its references to numerous international guidelines on nancial inclusion data (Reserve Bank of Fiji 2022). It calls for the establishment of a robust monitoring and evaluation framework with measures from both the supply-and demand-side. e strategy cites AFI's Core Set of Financial Inclusion Indicators, Digital Financial Services, SME Finance Base, SME Finance Plus, Mobile Financial Services, Quality Indicators as well as the Paci c Islands Regional Initiative (PIRI) set of indicators, and the G20 Set of address the need to increase women's access to credit, six in Sub-Saharan Africa, two in Latin America and the Caribbean, one in East Asia and Paci c, and one in the Middle East and North Africa. Speci cs and practices vary widely, and further study is needed to develop a robust methodology singling out best practices.
Many NFIS call for greater access to an array of nancial services including credit, and separately call out the need for greater women's nancial inclusion-but this approach leaves a lot of scope for interpretation and lacks clarity on who is accountable for implementation when it comes to credit.
Lending quotas are one regulatory tool to provide women with access to nance. For example, Bangladesh's NFIS includes a commitment by Bangladesh Bank to ensure that 25 percent of credit disbursements go to cottage, micro, small, and medium enterprises, and that at least 15 percent of such credit goes to women entrepreneurs. In addition, the strategy calls for the provision of help desks dedicated to women entrepreneurs in all banks and nancial institutions. Djibouti similarly calls for dedicated lines of credit to women (and young entrepreneurs) to be created by the Economic Development Fund of Djibouti and the Partial Credit Guarantee Fund.
Mexico's NFIS includes a call to action and leverages existing mechanisms to ensure implementation by listing the growth of the credit portfolio of women as one of its action items. e government intends to monitor this by incorporating questions into an existing survey used to create a nancial institution index.
Most Financial Inclusion Strategies that reference women's nancial inclusion do not call out particular segments of women, such as entrepreneurs. Some middle-and high-income countries have separate strategies on women's entrepreneurship-which may include measures to increase nancial inclusion. For example, the Strategy for Women Entrepreneurship Development in the Republic of Macedonia 2019Macedonia -2023 calls broadly for coordination in the creation and implementation of women's economic development policies, and analysis of legislation that a ects women's entrepreneurship (Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Macedonia 2018). It also calls for enhanced training of women, increased representation of women in policy making, improving access to favorable forms of nance, and cooperation with local government to incorporate women's entrepreneurship into their development programs. Such strategies are beyond the scope of this Brief but represent another area for potential exploration in indicator development.
Governments' awareness of women's need for credit is demonstrated in the wake of the recent COVID-19 crisis. e most  Expanding WBL's Entrepreneurship indicator to re ect commitments to women's nancial inclusion can spur policy and regulatory reform to this end, as the initiative has demonstrated in other areas of legislation.
Taken together with indicators on the state of nancial infrastructure (such as availability of access points, diversity of providers, and depth of credit reporting), information on policies to advance women's nancial inclusion can help e orts to assess countries' strengths and weaknesses when it comes to creating an enabling environment for women's entrepreneurship. In addition, taken over time, panel data on policy and regulatory landscapes will be able to provide insights on drivers of change.
Our ndings show that national nancial inclusion strategies could be an important tool to promote women's nancial inclusion in economies with lower levels of nancial inclusion. Notably, countries with national nancial inclusion strategies are increasingly adopting a gender lens and calling out the need for concerted e orts to promote women's nancial inclusion. However, because NFIS display a wide range in terms of policy pillars, level of detail, and degree to which implementation mechanisms are speci ed, the eld for indicator development at both the policy and regulatory level remains ripe for exploration by WBL and others. Our initial foray also shows that more could be done in NFIS on the topics of promoting credit to women entrepreneurs, and on national-level reporting of sex-disaggregated data. Many countries collect some form of sex-disaggregated data when it comes to nancial inclusion. However, it remains an open question whether stronger, speci c mandates in national nancial inclusion strategies that adapt international best practices in de nitions, lay out complementarity of demand and supply-side initiatives, and build capacity of nancial service providers to report data will pick up. e potential for enhanced data collection exists. Similarly, the topic of credit for women entrepreneurs is ripe for new creative approaches in policy. e Alliance for Financial Inclusion provides guidance on processes for countries to incorporate gender into their NFIS (AFI 2022). Given the short terms of most strategies (three to ve years), more NFIS can be expected to incorporate a gender lens over time. e proportion of regulators in the AFI network who indicated that women's nancial inclusion is a high priority increased from 58 percent in 2021 to 75 percent in 2022 (Hanning 2022).
As NFIS evolve, gender sensitivity can also be expected to increase when it comes to promulgating legislation and regulations, ranging from agent banking laws to mobile money legislation, to directives to banks on lending, to special guarantee funds for loans to women entrepreneurs, among others. In this regard, participatory models where advocates, representatives, and champions of provider and consumer groups engage in shaping the policies to create inclusive systems will be crucial. e international nancial inclusion community needs to play an active role in helping to document and promote best practices in policy and regulatory approaches to women's nancial inclusion and entrepreneurship while supporting regulators through technical assistance and capacity building where required. Financial Inclusion Indicators. e indicators are to be tailored to the Fijian context and disaggregated by gender, age, and location and collected by the Reserve Bank of Fiji on an annual basis. e incongruence between the 13 economies that reference sex-disaggregated data collection in their NFIS and the 71 jurisdictions that submitted at least some sex-dis-aggregated data to the IMF FAS surveys indicates that many countries likely have mechanisms and/or requirements for such reporting without a direct mandate from the NFIS.
In the Arab Republic of Egypt, for example (where no NFIS was in place as of the time of research, but one was launched in October 2022), the Central Bank established the Financial Inclusion Datahub, which collects data from nancial institutions using the national ID as a unique identi er. e Central Bank issued two circulars in 2018 that mandate banks to report sex-disaggregated data on SMEs owned or owned and governed by women; and to report the primary data of individual banking consumers that relate to deposits and electronic nancial services.
Challenges in legislating for sex-disaggregated nancial data reporting include determining the type of data to be collected, and which providers are obligated to report them, as well as how to report them and to whom. In recent years, e orts have been underway to build consensus on a de nition for women-owned enterprises so that robust and comparable data can be collected on how such rms access credit, insurance, and other nancial products and services. Furthermore, given the proliferation of digital nancial services o ered by digital banks, nancial technology rms ( ntechs), and mobile network operators, questions arise whether such institutions are required to comply with reporting obligations from nancial sector regulators. Countries like Zambia have more digital transaction accounts than bank accounts, so reporting only by banks would provide a very incomplete picture of nancial inclusion (Republic of Zambia 2017). Even amongst similarly situated and regulated nancial institutions, data might be collected in di erent ways and have varying degrees of quality, making them di cult to aggregate. In Kenya, where the gender gap in nancial inclusion is quickly narrowing, regulators do not require sex-disaggregated reporting, but they request data on an as-needed basis (Women's Financial Inclusion Data Partnership 2022). Such challenges in data collection and how to diagnose them are detailed by the Women's Financial Inclusion Data Partnership Ruf 2022, GBA 2019). Initiatives such as the Women's Financial Inclusion Data Dictionary (Data2X 2022) are underway to harmonize de nitions (box 4), and make data aggregation easier and data sets comparable. Supervisors will also need to have capacity to proof data submitted, and to maintain the requisite databases.

Future indicators on National Financial Inclusion Strategies can promote policy initiatives to promote women's entrepreneurship
To level the playing eld for women entrepreneurs, their ability to manage money and access credit must be guaranteed and increased.  Box 4

DECIG
Additional targeted efforts are required to collect data on women-owned businesses nancial inclusion were likely lost as a result of insu cient support. result of insu cient support. Short of global consensus, even national-level de nitions of women-owned enterprises would aid in e orts to understand more about this segment. At the global level, tracking basic common indicators on the use of credit would likely shed light on how women business owners leverage credit. e status of sex-disaggregated data for women entrepreneurs is even more dire than for women in general. is is a big obstacle in assessing the true state of access to nance to women entrepreneurs and for developing targeted interventions to support this segment. As women-owned enterprises were harder hit by the COVID-19 crisis (O'Donnell et al. 2021;Torres et al. 2021), gains in women's https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/promoting-wee-during-covid.pdf ht t ps: / / www. boz. zm/ Nat i onal -Fi nanci al -I ncl usi on-St r at egy-2017-2022. pdf https://data2x.org/wp-content/upl oads/2022/08/DataDi agnosti cs-Kenya-LATEST-1-1.pdf h t t p s : / / d a t a 2 x . o r g / w p -c o n t e n t / u p l o a d s / 2 0 2 2 / 0 6 / G e n d e r -D a t a -F i n a n c i a l -I n c l u s i o n -S y n t h e s i s . p d f h t t p s : / / d a t a 2 x . o r g / w p -c o n t e n t / u p l o a d s / 2 0 2 2 / 0 2 / WF I D -D a t a -D i c t i o n a r y -F e b -2 0 2 2 . p d f h t t p s : / / w w w . a f i -g l o b a l . o r g / w p -c o n t e n t / u p l o a d s / 2 0 2 2 / 0 8 / A F I -I n t e g r a t i n g -G e n d e r -a n d -W o m e n s -F i n a n c i a l -I n c l u s i o n -i n t o -N a t i o n a l -S t r a t e g i e s _ 2 0 2 2 . p d f h t t p s : / / w w w . a f i -g l o b a l . o r g / w p -c o n t e n t / u p l o a d s / 2 0 2 2 / 0 8 / A F I -I n t e g r a t i n g -G e n d e r -a n d -W o m e n s -F i n a n c i a l -I n c l u s i o n -i n t o -N a t i o n a l -S t r a t e g i e s _ 2 0 2 2 . p d f