Recognition characters and new records of two species of Phylloscyrtini (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Trigonidiinae) from southern Brazil

The Phylloscyrtini occurs from eastern United States to Argentina and includes 21 valid species. It is a highly neglected group of crickets and little is known about its biology and distribution. Cranistus colliurides Stål, 1861 and Phylloscyrtus amoenus (Burmeister, 1880) were recorded for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, and information on calling song, stridulatory file and recognition characters were provided.

The tribe occurs exclusively in the New World, members of it being present from eastern United States to Argentina (desutter-GrandColas, 1992), and comprises 21 species (eades et al., 2011).It is characterized by the foliaceus condition of the fifth joint of maxillary palpi, bright colored body, and features of the phallic sclerites (desutter-GrandColas, 1992).
It is a highly neglected group of crickets and available data are mostly about external morphology.Phyllopalpus pulchellus Uhler, 1864 is the only species to have data on its calling song published so far (Walker, 1962).
In the present paper Cranistus colliurides Stål, 1861 and Phylloscyrtus amoenus (Burmeister, 1880) are recorded for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, and information on calling song, stridulatory file, and recognition characters are provided.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The specimens were collected in the cities of Capão do Leão and São Lourenço do Sul, state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, from January to March 2008March , 2009March and 2010. .The calling songs of the specimens were field and lab-recorded using a Nagra E recorder with Sennheiser K6/ME80 microphone placed at 30 cm from the calling male.The temperature was measured at the male calling site.
The recorded songs were digitized at a sampling rate of 22.05 kHz using the Avisoft SasLab Light software and a fast Fourrier transformation (FFT) was conducted.Sonograms were made using the following configuration: FFT-length of 256 points, 100% frame, FlatTop Window and window overlap of 75%.Pulse rate was obtained calculating the number of pulse periods per second.The dominant frequency was obtained using the Cool Edit PRO software.
The tegmina were removed to analyze the number of teeth in the stridulatory file.Teeth number was counted with a light microscope at a magnification of 200X considering all teeth, including the smaller ones present on the edges of the file.
Body and right tegmen morphometry were measured in a stereomicroscope with graduated ocular.
The genitalia were removed and heated in 85% lactic acid according to CumminG (1992) and then placed in glass tubes with absolute alcohol for at least 96 h before manipulation.The specimens of P. amoenus were compared with the original descriptions and drawings.The specimens of C. colliurides were checked with the original descriptions and photographs of holotype, kindly made available to us by Gunvi Lindberg (Swedish Museum of Natural History, NHRS).
Four males and four females of each species were sent to the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP).The remaining specimens were deposited at the Departamento de Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas.Calling song sequences and image files were sent to Orthoptera Species File Online (http://Orthoptera.SpeciesFile.org).martins et al.
Type locality: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, holotype ♂ in Swedish Museum of Natural History (NHRS).
Recognition characters.Male: head and abdomen black, pronotum redish-brown (Fig. 1); red brown spot between the lateral ocelli (Fig. 3, arrow); tegmina reaching the apex of the abdomen; right tegmen black, lighter in the anterior region, harp and mirror with a hyaline portion; left tegmen with a hyaline central portion including mirror, harp, basal area and half of chordal area (Fig. 4); hind wings longer than tegmina (macropterous); stridulatory file with more than 100 teeth; hind femora light yellowish-green with a dark longitudinal streak on the outer side (Fig. 5).
Comments.Populations of C. colliurides and P. amoenus occur in sympatry and high densities, stridulating at both, night and day periods, sharing the same places on the vegetation, such as branches, twigs and leaves of shrubs and grasses.