Efeito do ferro (59Fe) e do zinco (65Zn) e da natureza de três tipos de solos na produção de matéria seca e na composição química do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. carioca e na fixação de nitrogênio atmosférico por esta leguminosa

Suhet, Allert R.; Neptune, André M. Louis

doi:10.1590/S0071-12761979000100001

Resumos

No presente trabalho, conduzido em casa de vegetação, procuramos estudar os efeitos dos micronutrientes ferro e zinco na produção de materia seca, composição química do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) e na fixação do nitrogênio atmosférico, em três solos, classificados como Terra Roxa Estruturada (TRE), Latossol Vermelho Escuro (LVE) e Podzólico Vermelho Amarelo (PVA). Procuramos também determinar os índices de aproveitamento destes micronutrientes pelo feijoeiro e sua distribuição na parte aérea e na raiz. O delineamento experimental foi um fatorial 3x7, sendo três solos e sete tratamentos por solo, com três repetições. Nos tratamentos, foram utilizados duas doses de ferro e duas doses de zinco em separado ou combinando as doses menores e maiores destes micronutrientes (Fe1Zn1, Fe2Zn2). As doses de ferro foram 1,5 e 3,0 ppm e as de zinco foram 2,5 e 5,0 ppm. Foram aplicados 7,5 µCi de 59Fe/kg de solo nos vasos correspondentes à dose menor de ferro e 5,0 e 10,0 µCi de 65Zn/kg de solo nos vasos correspondentes respectivamente à dose menor e maior de zinco. Todos os tratamentos receberam uma adubação básica. O comportamento do feijoeiro apresentou grande variação entre os três tipos de solos, para todas as variáveis. Não houve influência dos tratamentos de ferro e zinco na produção de parte aérea e raiz e nem no peso e numero dos nodulos. A dose de 3,0 ppm de ferro diminuiu a capacidade dos nódulos de fixarem nitrogênio atmosférico em relação à dose de 1,5 ppm enquanto que a dose de 5,0 ppm de zinco aumentou esta capacidade, em relação à dose de 2,5 ppm. Houve um efeito significativo dos tratamentos na concentração de nitrogênio, potássio, ferro e zinco na parte aérea e na concentração de nitrogênio, e zinco na raiz. A absorção de zinco dos fertilizantes e a percentagem do zinco na planta proveniente do adubo foram influenciadas diretamente pelas doses de zinco. O maior coeficiente de aproveitamento do zinco do adubo foi de 4,0%.

The aim of this work was to study in greenhouse conditions the effects of two levels of iron and zinc on yield and chemical composition of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and on atmospheric nitrogen fixation, in three soils, classified as Terra Roxa Estruturada (TRE), Latossol Vermelho Escuro (LVE), and Podzolico Vermelho Amarelo (PVA). The coefficient of utilization of these micronutrients by this crop and its distribution in above-ground parts and roots were also assessed. The rates for iron were 1.5 and 3.0 ppm, and for zinc, 2.5 and 5.0 ppm. It was applied 7.5 µCi of 59Fe/kg of soil with the lower rate of the stable iron, and 5.0 and 10.0 µCi of Zn/kg of soil in the pots corresponding to the lower and higher rate of the stable zinc, respectively. The plants were harveste at the age of 60 days and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron and zinc contents were determined. Immediately after harvest, symbiotic nitrogen fixation was assessed, using the acetylene reduction method. The detection of 59Fe and 65zn radioactivity were carried out on nitric percloric extract, by gamma ray spectrometry. The behavior of common bean presented high variation among the three soils, for all the variables. There was no influence of treatments of iron and zinc on dry matter of above ground part and root and also on the weight and number of nodules. The rate of 3.0 ppm of iron decreased the capacity of nodules to fix atmospheric nitrogen in relation to rate of 1.5 ppm, while the rate of 5.0 ppm of zinc increased this capacity, in relation to the rate of 2.5 ppm. There was significative effect of treatments on nitrogen, potassium and zinc contents in above ground part and on nitrogen and zinc contents in the root. The absorption of zinc from the fertilizer and the percentagem of zinc in the plant derived from fertilizer were diretly influenced by rate of zinc The higher coefficient of utilization of zinc from the fertilizer was 4.0%.

Efeito do ferro (⁵⁹Fe) e do zinco (⁶⁵Zn) e da natureza de três tipos de solos na produção de matéria seca e na composição química do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. carioca e na fixação de nitrogênio atmosférico por esta leguminosa^* * Trabalho realizado com o auxílio da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, da Agencia Internacional de Energia Atômica(UNDP/ BRA/71-556) e da EMBRAPA.

Effects of ⁵⁹Fe, ⁶⁵Zn and of three soil types on dry matter yield, chemical composition and nitrogen fixation in Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. carioca

Allert R. Suhet^I; André M. Louis Neptune^II

^ICentro Nacional de Cerrados, Brasília, DF

^IICentro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura e Departamento de Solos, Geologia e Fertilizantes, E.S.A. "Luiz de Quejiroz", USP

RESUMO

No presente trabalho, conduzido em casa de vegetação, procuramos estudar os efeitos dos micronutrientes ferro e zinco na produção de materia seca, composição química do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) e na fixação do nitrogênio atmosférico, em três solos, classificados como Terra Roxa Estruturada (TRE), Latossol Vermelho Escuro (LVE) e Podzólico Vermelho Amarelo (PVA). Procuramos também determinar os índices de aproveitamento destes micronutrientes pelo feijoeiro e sua distribuição na parte aérea e na raiz.

O delineamento experimental foi um fatorial 3x7, sendo três solos e sete tratamentos por solo, com três repetições. Nos tratamentos, foram utilizados duas doses de ferro e duas doses de zinco em separado ou combinando as doses menores e maiores destes micronutrientes (Fe₁Zn₁, Fe₂Zn₂). As doses de ferro foram 1,5 e 3,0 ppm e as de zinco foram 2,5 e 5,0 ppm. Foram aplicados 7,5 µCi de ⁵⁹Fe/kg de solo nos vasos correspondentes à dose menor de ferro e 5,0 e 10,0 µCi de ⁶⁵Zn/kg de solo nos vasos correspondentes respectivamente à dose menor e maior de zinco. Todos os tratamentos receberam uma adubação básica.

O comportamento do feijoeiro apresentou grande variação entre os três tipos de solos, para todas as variáveis. Não houve influência dos tratamentos de ferro e zinco na produção de parte aérea e raiz e nem no peso e numero dos nodulos. A dose de 3,0 ppm de ferro diminuiu a capacidade dos nódulos de fixarem nitrogênio atmosférico em relação à dose de 1,5 ppm enquanto que a dose de 5,0 ppm de zinco aumentou esta capacidade, em relação à dose de 2,5 ppm.

Houve um efeito significativo dos tratamentos na concentração de nitrogênio, potássio, ferro e zinco na parte aérea e na concentração de nitrogênio, e zinco na raiz.

A absorção de zinco dos fertilizantes e a percentagem do zinco na planta proveniente do adubo foram influenciadas diretamente pelas doses de zinco. O maior coeficiente de aproveitamento do zinco do adubo foi de 4,0%.

SUMMARY

The aim of this work was to study in greenhouse conditions the effects of two levels of iron and zinc on yield and chemical composition of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and on atmospheric nitrogen fixation, in three soils, classified as Terra Roxa Estruturada (TRE), Latossol Vermelho Escuro (LVE), and Podzolico Vermelho Amarelo (PVA). The coefficient of utilization of these micronutrients by this crop and its distribution in above-ground parts and roots were also assessed.

The rates for iron were 1.5 and 3.0 ppm, and for zinc, 2.5 and 5.0 ppm. It was applied 7.5 µCi of ⁵⁹Fe/kg of soil with the lower rate of the stable iron, and 5.0 and 10.0 µCi of Zn/kg of soil in the pots corresponding to the lower and higher rate of the stable zinc, respectively.

The plants were harveste at the age of 60 days and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron and zinc contents were determined. Immediately after harvest, symbiotic nitrogen fixation was assessed, using the acetylene reduction method. The detection of ⁵⁹Fe and ⁶⁵zn radioactivity were carried out on nitric percloric extract, by gamma ray spectrometry.

The behavior of common bean presented high variation among the three soils, for all the variables. There was no influence of treatments of iron and zinc on dry matter of above ground part and root and also on the weight and number of nodules. The rate of 3.0 ppm of iron decreased the capacity of nodules to fix atmospheric nitrogen in relation to rate of 1.5 ppm, while the rate of 5.0 ppm of zinc increased this capacity, in relation to the rate of 2.5 ppm. There was significative effect of treatments on nitrogen, potassium and zinc contents in above ground part and on nitrogen and zinc contents in the root.

The absorption of zinc from the fertilizer and the percentagem of zinc in the plant derived from fertilizer were diretly influenced by rate of zinc The higher coefficient of utilization of zinc from the fertilizer was 4.0%.

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LITERATURA CITADA

Entregue para publicação em 11.1.1979.

ADAMS, R.; WOODWARD, I.C.; CRANE, M.G.; HOLLOWAY, J.E. 1958. Two channels gamma counting of ¹⁵cr and ¹³¹I. International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, New York, 3: 156-160.
AMBLER, J.E.; BROWN, J.C. 1969. Cause of differential susceptivility to zinc deficiency in two varieties of navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Agronomy Journal 61:41-43.
BROWN, J.C, 1972. Competition between phosphate and the plant for Fe from Fe²⁺ ferrozine. Agronomy Journal 64: 240-243.
BROWN, A.L.; KRANTZ, B.A.; MARTIN, P.E., 1962. Plant uptake and fate of soil applied zinc. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 26:167-170.
CHER, M.; DAVIDSON, N. 1955. The kinetics of the oxygenation of ferrous iron in phosphoric acid solution. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 77: 793-798.
COX, F.R.; KAMPRATH, E.J. 1972. Micronutrient soil tests. In: MORTVEDT, J.J., P.M.GIORDANO & W.L.LINDSAY, ed., Micronutrients in Agriculture, Wisconsin, Soil Science Society of America, Inc., p. 289-317.
CRUZ, A.D., 1966. Contribuição ao estudo do alumínio no trigo (Triticum vulgare L.) cultivado em solução nutritiva. Piracicaba, ESALQ/USP, 50 p. (Dissertação de Mestrado).
DeREMER, E.D.; SMITH, R.L., 1964. A preliminary study on the nature of zinc deficiency in field beans as determined by radioactive zinc. Agronomy Journal 56:67-70.
EDWARDS, G.E.; MOHAMED, A.K., 1973. Reduction in carbonic anhydrase in zinc deficient leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Crop. Science 13:351-354.
GIORDANO, P.M.; MORTVEDT, J.J., 1974. Response of several rice cultivars to Zn. Agronomy Journal 66:220-223.
HARDY, R.W.F.; BURNS, R.C.; HERBERT, R.R.; HOLSTEN, R.D.; JACKSON, E.K. 1971. Biological nitrogen fixation: a key to world protein. Plant and Soil, special volume, p. 561-590.
HEATH, R.L., 1972. Table of isotopes. In: WEAST, R.C. ed. Handbook of chemistry and physics. 53Ş ed. Cleveland, The Chemical Rubber, p. 245-541.
JACKSON, T.L.; CARTER, G.E., 1976. Nutrient uptake by russet burbank potatoes as influenced by fertilization. Agronomy Journal 68:9-12.
JARDIM FREIRE, J.R.; VIDOR, C. 1971. Fatores limitantes dos solos ácidos na simbiose de Rhizobium e as leguminosas. In: DÖBEREINER, J., P.A. da EIRA, A.A. FRANCO & A. B. CAMPELO, ed. As Leguminosas na Agricultura Tropical, Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Centro-Sul, p. 211-247.
JEFFREYS, R.A.; HALE, V.Q.; WALLACE, A. 1961. Uptake and translocation in plants of labeled iron and labeled chelating agents. Soil Science 92:268-273.
KASHIRAD, A.; MARSCHNER, H;., 1974. Iron nutrition of sunflower and corn plants in mono and mixed culture. Plant and Soil 41:91-101.
KOLLÁR, J.; CHORVAT, D.; KLEMOVÁ, L., 1970. Estimation of radioactivity of biological samples containing a mixture of ¹⁴⁴ce + ¹⁴⁴pr and ⁵⁹Fe. Atompraxis 16:1-3.
KUBOTA, J.; ALLAWAY, W.H., 1972. Geographic distribution of trace element problems. In: MORTVEDT, J.J., P.M. GIORDANO & W.L. LINDSAY, ed. Micronutrientes in Agriculture, Wisconsin, Soil Science Society of American, Inc., p. 525-554.
LINGLE, J.C.; TIFFIN, L.O.; BROWN, J.C., 1963. Iron uptake-transport of soybeans as influenced by other cations. Plant Physiology 38:71-76.
LOPEZ, P.L.; GRAHAM, E.R., 1973. Labile pool and plant uptake of Mn, Fe, and Zn by ladino clover (Trifolium repens) and its relation to soil labile pools. Soil Science 115: 380-389.
LOURENÇO, S., 1967. Absorção de fósforo por raízes destacadas de cevada (Hordeum vulgare) em presença de magnésio. Piracicaba, ESALQ/USP, 29 p. (Dissertação de Mestrado).
MARINHO, M.L.; IGUE, K., 1972. Factors affecting zinc absorption by corn from volcanic ash soils. Agronomy Journal 64:3-8.
MARTENS, D.C.; HAWKINS, G.W.; McCART, G.D., 1973. Field response of corn to ZnSO₄ and Zn-EDTA placed with the seed. Agronomy Journal 65:135-136.
MATHERS, A.C., 1970. Effect of ferrous sulfate and sulfuric acid on grain sorghum yields. Agronomy Journal 62:555-556.
MELTON, J.R.; ELLIS, B.G.; DOLL, E.C., 1970. Zinc, phosphorus, and lime interactions with yield and zinc uptake by Phaseolus vulgaris. Soil Sci. Soc Amer. Proc. 34:91-93.
MIKESELL, M.E.; PAULSEN, G.M.; ELLIS Jr., R.; CASADY, A.J. 1973. Iron utilization by efficient and inefficient sorghum lines. Agronomy Journal 65:77-80.
MONTANHEIRO, M.N.S., 1975. Espectrometria gama monocanal para detecção conjunta de ⁵⁴Mn, ⁶⁵Zn e ⁵⁹Fe em soluções e tecido vegetal. Piracicaba, ESALQ/USP, 74 p. (Dissertação de Mestrado).
NEPTUNE MENARD, L.; COURY, T., 1958. Os Micronutrientes. Revista de Agricultura, Piracicaba, 33:213-222.
NUTMAN, P.S., 1971. The physiology of root-hair infection. In: DOBEREINER, J., P.A. da EIRA, A.A. FRANCO e A.B.CAMPELO, ed. As Leguminosas na Agricultura Tropical, Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Centro-Sul, p. 66-74.
OSINAME, O.A.; KANG, B.T.; SCHULTE, E.E.; COREY, R.B. 1973. Zinc response of maize (Zea mays L.) grown on sandy Inceptisols in Western Nigeria. Agronomy Journal 65: 875-877.
PAULI, A.W.; ELLIS Jr., R. ; MOSER, H.C, 1968. Zinc uptake and translocation as influenced by phosphorus and calcium carbonate. Agronomy Journal 60:394-396.
POLSON, D.E.; ADAMS, M.W., 1970. Differential response of navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to zinc. I. Differential growth and elemental composition at excessive Zn levels. Agronomy Journal 62:557-560.
PRICE, C.A.; CLARK, H.E.; FUNKHOUSER, E.A., 1972. Functions of micronutrients in plants. In: MORTVEDT, J.J., P.M. GIORDANO e W.L. LINDSAY, ed, Micronutrients in Agriculture_; Soil Science Society of American, Inc., p.231-242.
RASMUSSEN, P.E.; BOAWN, L.C., 1969. Zinc seed treatment as a source of zinc for beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Agronomy Journal 61:674-676.
SARRUGE, J.R.; HAAG, H.P., 1974. Analises químicas em plantas. Piracicaba, ESALQ/USP, 56 p. (Trabalho de caráter didático).
SCHNAPPINGER Jr., M.G.; MARTENS, D.C.; HAWKINS, G.W., 1972. Response of corn to residual and applied zinc as ZnSO₄ and Zn-EDTA in field investigations. Agronomy Journal 64:64-66.
SHAW, E.; MENZEL, R.G.; DEAN, L.A., 1954. Plant uptake of ⁶⁵zn from soils and fertilizers in the greenhouse. Soil Science 77:205-214.
SINGH, B.R.; STEENBERG, K., 1974. Plant response to micro-nutrients. I. Uptake, distribution and translocation of zinc in maize and barley plants. Plant and Soil 40:637-646.
SORENSEN, R.C.; DELSLIGLE, D.D.; KNUDSEN, D., 1971. Extraction of Zn, Fe and Mn from soils with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid as affected by soil properties, solution: soil ratio, and length of extraction period. Soil Science 111 :352-359.
STEEL, R.G.D.; TORRIE, J.H., 1960. Principles and procedures of statistics, New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 481 p.
THORNE, D.W., 1957. Zinc deficiency and its control. Advances in Agronomy 9:31-65.
VAN de VENTER, H.A.; SMALL, J.G.C.,1972. Effect of iron compounds on nodulation and growth of Trifolium pratense L. in water culture. Plant and Soil 37:309-317.
VEGLIA, A.; KECKES, S., 1971. Simultaneous application of radionuclides in tracer experiments. Int. J. Appl. Isotopes 22:549-559.
VETTORI, L., 1969. Métodos de análise de solo, Rio de Janeiro, Bol. Téc. nş 7, E.P.F.S., M.A., 24 p.
WALLACE, A.; ELGAZZAR, A.A.; CHA, J.W.; ALEXANDER, G.V., 1973. Phosphorus levels versus concentrations of zinc and other elements in bush bean plants. Soil Science 117:347-351.
WALLACE, A.; MUELLER, R.T.,1969. Effect of chelating agents on the availability to plants of carrier-free ⁵⁹Fe and ⁶⁵zn added to soils to simulate contamination from fallout. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 33:912-914.
WARNOCK, R.E., 1968. Micronutrient uptake and mobility within corn plants (Zea mays L.) in relation to phosphorus-induced zinc deficiency. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc 34:765-769.

*

Trabalho realizado com o auxílio da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, da Agencia Internacional de Energia Atômica(UNDP/ BRA/71-556) e da EMBRAPA.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
11 Maio 2012
Data do Fascículo
1979

Histórico

Recebido
11 Jan 1979

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ADAMS, R.; WOODWARD, I.C.; CRANE, M.G.; HOLLOWAY, J.E. 1958. Two channels gamma counting of ¹⁵cr and ¹³¹I. International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, New York, 3: 156-160.

[2] AMBLER, J.E.; BROWN, J.C. 1969. Cause of differential susceptivility to zinc deficiency in two varieties of navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Agronomy Journal 61:41-43.

[3] BROWN, J.C, 1972. Competition between phosphate and the plant for Fe from Fe²⁺ ferrozine. Agronomy Journal 64: 240-243.

[4] BROWN, A.L.; KRANTZ, B.A.; MARTIN, P.E., 1962. Plant uptake and fate of soil applied zinc. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 26:167-170.

[5] CHER, M.; DAVIDSON, N. 1955. The kinetics of the oxygenation of ferrous iron in phosphoric acid solution. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 77: 793-798.

[6] COX, F.R.; KAMPRATH, E.J. 1972. Micronutrient soil tests. In: MORTVEDT, J.J., P.M.GIORDANO & W.L.LINDSAY, ed., Micronutrients in Agriculture, Wisconsin, Soil Science Society of America, Inc., p. 289-317.

[7] CRUZ, A.D., 1966. Contribuição ao estudo do alumínio no trigo (Triticum vulgare L.) cultivado em solução nutritiva. Piracicaba, ESALQ/USP, 50 p. (Dissertação de Mestrado).

[8] DeREMER, E.D.; SMITH, R.L., 1964. A preliminary study on the nature of zinc deficiency in field beans as determined by radioactive zinc. Agronomy Journal 56:67-70.

[9] EDWARDS, G.E.; MOHAMED, A.K., 1973. Reduction in carbonic anhydrase in zinc deficient leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Crop. Science 13:351-354.

[10] GIORDANO, P.M.; MORTVEDT, J.J., 1974. Response of several rice cultivars to Zn. Agronomy Journal 66:220-223.

[11] HARDY, R.W.F.; BURNS, R.C.; HERBERT, R.R.; HOLSTEN, R.D.; JACKSON, E.K. 1971. Biological nitrogen fixation: a key to world protein. Plant and Soil, special volume, p. 561-590.

[12] HEATH, R.L., 1972. Table of isotopes. In: WEAST, R.C. ed. Handbook of chemistry and physics. 53Ş ed. Cleveland, The Chemical Rubber, p. 245-541.

[13] JACKSON, T.L.; CARTER, G.E., 1976. Nutrient uptake by russet burbank potatoes as influenced by fertilization. Agronomy Journal 68:9-12.

[14] JARDIM FREIRE, J.R.; VIDOR, C. 1971. Fatores limitantes dos solos ácidos na simbiose de Rhizobium e as leguminosas. In: DÖBEREINER, J., P.A. da EIRA, A.A. FRANCO & A. B. CAMPELO, ed. As Leguminosas na Agricultura Tropical, Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Centro-Sul, p. 211-247.

[15] JEFFREYS, R.A.; HALE, V.Q.; WALLACE, A. 1961. Uptake and translocation in plants of labeled iron and labeled chelating agents. Soil Science 92:268-273.

[16] KASHIRAD, A.; MARSCHNER, H;., 1974. Iron nutrition of sunflower and corn plants in mono and mixed culture. Plant and Soil 41:91-101.

[17] KOLLÁR, J.; CHORVAT, D.; KLEMOVÁ, L., 1970. Estimation of radioactivity of biological samples containing a mixture of ¹⁴⁴ce + ¹⁴⁴pr and ⁵⁹Fe. Atompraxis 16:1-3.

[18] KUBOTA, J.; ALLAWAY, W.H., 1972. Geographic distribution of trace element problems. In: MORTVEDT, J.J., P.M. GIORDANO & W.L. LINDSAY, ed. Micronutrientes in Agriculture, Wisconsin, Soil Science Society of American, Inc., p. 525-554.

[19] LINGLE, J.C.; TIFFIN, L.O.; BROWN, J.C., 1963. Iron uptake-transport of soybeans as influenced by other cations. Plant Physiology 38:71-76.

[20] LOPEZ, P.L.; GRAHAM, E.R., 1973. Labile pool and plant uptake of Mn, Fe, and Zn by ladino clover (Trifolium repens) and its relation to soil labile pools. Soil Science 115: 380-389.

[21] LOURENÇO, S., 1967. Absorção de fósforo por raízes destacadas de cevada (Hordeum vulgare) em presença de magnésio. Piracicaba, ESALQ/USP, 29 p. (Dissertação de Mestrado).

[22] MARINHO, M.L.; IGUE, K., 1972. Factors affecting zinc absorption by corn from volcanic ash soils. Agronomy Journal 64:3-8.

[23] MARTENS, D.C.; HAWKINS, G.W.; McCART, G.D., 1973. Field response of corn to ZnSO₄ and Zn-EDTA placed with the seed. Agronomy Journal 65:135-136.

[24] MATHERS, A.C., 1970. Effect of ferrous sulfate and sulfuric acid on grain sorghum yields. Agronomy Journal 62:555-556.

[25] MELTON, J.R.; ELLIS, B.G.; DOLL, E.C., 1970. Zinc, phosphorus, and lime interactions with yield and zinc uptake by Phaseolus vulgaris. Soil Sci. Soc Amer. Proc. 34:91-93.

[26] MIKESELL, M.E.; PAULSEN, G.M.; ELLIS Jr., R.; CASADY, A.J. 1973. Iron utilization by efficient and inefficient sorghum lines. Agronomy Journal 65:77-80.

[27] MONTANHEIRO, M.N.S., 1975. Espectrometria gama monocanal para detecção conjunta de ⁵⁴Mn, ⁶⁵Zn e ⁵⁹Fe em soluções e tecido vegetal. Piracicaba, ESALQ/USP, 74 p. (Dissertação de Mestrado).

[28] NEPTUNE MENARD, L.; COURY, T., 1958. Os Micronutrientes. Revista de Agricultura, Piracicaba, 33:213-222.

[29] NUTMAN, P.S., 1971. The physiology of root-hair infection. In: DOBEREINER, J., P.A. da EIRA, A.A. FRANCO e A.B.CAMPELO, ed. As Leguminosas na Agricultura Tropical, Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Centro-Sul, p. 66-74.

[30] OSINAME, O.A.; KANG, B.T.; SCHULTE, E.E.; COREY, R.B. 1973. Zinc response of maize (Zea mays L.) grown on sandy Inceptisols in Western Nigeria. Agronomy Journal 65: 875-877.

[31] PAULI, A.W.; ELLIS Jr., R. ; MOSER, H.C, 1968. Zinc uptake and translocation as influenced by phosphorus and calcium carbonate. Agronomy Journal 60:394-396.

[32] POLSON, D.E.; ADAMS, M.W., 1970. Differential response of navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to zinc. I. Differential growth and elemental composition at excessive Zn levels. Agronomy Journal 62:557-560.

[33] PRICE, C.A.; CLARK, H.E.; FUNKHOUSER, E.A., 1972. Functions of micronutrients in plants. In: MORTVEDT, J.J., P.M. GIORDANO e W.L. LINDSAY, ed, Micronutrients in Agriculture_; Soil Science Society of American, Inc., p.231-242.

[34] RASMUSSEN, P.E.; BOAWN, L.C., 1969. Zinc seed treatment as a source of zinc for beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Agronomy Journal 61:674-676.

[35] SARRUGE, J.R.; HAAG, H.P., 1974. Analises químicas em plantas. Piracicaba, ESALQ/USP, 56 p. (Trabalho de caráter didático).

[36] SCHNAPPINGER Jr., M.G.; MARTENS, D.C.; HAWKINS, G.W., 1972. Response of corn to residual and applied zinc as ZnSO₄ and Zn-EDTA in field investigations. Agronomy Journal 64:64-66.

[37] SHAW, E.; MENZEL, R.G.; DEAN, L.A., 1954. Plant uptake of ⁶⁵zn from soils and fertilizers in the greenhouse. Soil Science 77:205-214.

[38] SINGH, B.R.; STEENBERG, K., 1974. Plant response to micro-nutrients. I. Uptake, distribution and translocation of zinc in maize and barley plants. Plant and Soil 40:637-646.

[39] SORENSEN, R.C.; DELSLIGLE, D.D.; KNUDSEN, D., 1971. Extraction of Zn, Fe and Mn from soils with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid as affected by soil properties, solution: soil ratio, and length of extraction period. Soil Science 111 :352-359.

[40] STEEL, R.G.D.; TORRIE, J.H., 1960. Principles and procedures of statistics, New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 481 p.

[41] THORNE, D.W., 1957. Zinc deficiency and its control. Advances in Agronomy 9:31-65.

[42] VAN de VENTER, H.A.; SMALL, J.G.C.,1972. Effect of iron compounds on nodulation and growth of Trifolium pratense L. in water culture. Plant and Soil 37:309-317.

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Brasil

Brasil

Efeito do ferro (59Fe) e do zinco (65Zn) e da natureza de três tipos de solos na produção de matéria seca e na composição química do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. carioca e na fixação de nitrogênio atmosférico por esta leguminosa

Effects of 59Fe, 65Zn and of three soil types on dry matter yield, chemical composition and nitrogen fixation in Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. carioca

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