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A three-phase model proposal for the evolution of scientific communication: from first print periodicals to current electronic communication system

Proposta de modelo trifásico para a evolução da comunicação científica: dos primeiros periódicos impressos ao sistema de comunicação eletrônica atual

Abstracts

Scientific communication has undergone deep transformations, since the emergence of Internet. Aiming to provide further thought on the evolution of scientific communication, this paper features a historical overview of the scientific communication advances over the last twenty years through a three-phase model for the evolution of the electronic journal and the preprints services, and presents Brazilian contemporary panorama for scientific communication. The three-phase model presented in this work is an adaptation of that one proposed by Tenopir et al. (2003) to describe the patterns of journal use by scientists since 1990. The early evolutionary phase followed the emergence of the first digital journals and the creation of repositories in the Web for publishing preliminary versions of scientific literature on the author’s initiative; by that time, most academics reproved electronic publishing initiatives. From 1996 and forward, in the consolidation phase, electronic journals were commonly identical to their print counterparts; the acceptance of the electronic format began to increase, and preprint services got underway in several disciplines. The advanced evolutionary phase started with the world discussion on open access to scientific information. The comparison of the current electronic journal with that viewed by enthusiasts in the first years of the 1990s shows that some aspects still remain to be improved in electronic formal and informal communication, towards effective dissemination of scientific information.

scientific communication; electronic journal; e-publishing; open access; information dissemination


A comunicação científica tem experimentado transformações profundas, desde a emergência da Internet. Como fomento à questão da evolução na comunicação científica, este artigo apresenta uma perspectiva histórica dos avanços na comunicação científica ao longo dos últimos vinte anos, por meio de um modelo de três fases para a evolução do jornal eletrônico e serviços de preprints, e fornece elementos que descrevem o panorama atual para a comunicação científica no Brasil. O modelo trifásico apresentado neste trabalho é uma adaptação daquele proposto por Tenopir et al. (2003) para descrever os padrões de uso de jornais pelos cientistas desde 1990. A fase evolucionária inicial seguiu a emergência dos primeiros jornais digitais e a criação de repositórios na Web para publicação de versões preliminares de trabalhos científicos por iniciativa do autor; àquele tempo, acadêmicos tradicionais reprovavam iniciativas de publicação eletrônica. De 1996 em diante, na fase de consolidação, os jornais eletrônicos comumente consistiam em cópias idênticas de suas versões impressas; a aceitação do formato eletrônico começou a aumentar, e os serviços de preprints disseminaram- se em várias disciplinas. A fase evolucionária avançada iniciou-se com a discussão mundial sobre o acesso livre à informação científica. A comparação do jornal eletrônico corrente com aquele imaginado pelos entusiastas nos primeiros anos da década de 1990 mostra alguns aspectos que podem, ainda, ser melhorados na comunicação formal e informal, visando a efetiva disseminação da informação científica.

comunicação científica; jornal eletrônico; publicação eletrônica; acesso livre; disseminação da informação


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Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    12 Sept 2014
  • Date of issue
    Apr 2008

History

  • Received
    31 Mar 2007
  • Accepted
    05 Nov 2007
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