A contribuição da área produtiva no processo de inovações tecnológicas

Barbieri, José Carlos

doi:10.1590/S0034-75901997000100007

Resumos

Não há dúvida de que as inovações tecnológicas estão entre as principais fontes de vantagens competitivas para uma quantidade crescente de empresas industriais. A primeira parte deste trabalho apresenta breves considerações sobre o processo de inovação tecnológica à medida que diferencia a inovação radical da incrementai, dois tipos diferentes porém complementares de inovações. Na segunda parte é fcita uma distinção conccitual entre duas abordagens para implementar inovações incrementais. Por último, discute-se o papel das atividades operacionais e das técnicas de gestão da produção no processo de inovação tecnológica, levando em consideração a nova abordagem relacionada com o movimento da qualidade total.

competitividade; inovação incrementai; processo de implementação; melhorias contínuas; engenharia simultânea; inovação organizacional

There is no doubt that technological innovations are one of the main source of competitive advantages for a growing number of industrial companies. The first part of this paper presents a brief appreciation of the innovation process while shows the difterences between radical and incrementaI innovations, two distincts but complementary kinds of innovation. The n, a conceptual distinction between two approaches to set incrementaI innovations is analysed. Final/y, this paper discusses the role of operation activities and production management tools in the technological innovation process, taking into consideration the new approach related to the total quality movement.

competitiveness; incrementaI innovation; implementation process; continuous improvements; simultaneous engineering; organizational innovation

PERSONA

A contribuição da área produtiva no processo de inovações tecnológicas

José Carlos Barbieri

Professor do Departamento de Administração da Produção, Logística e de Operações Industriais da EAESP/FGV

RESUMO

Não há dúvida de que as inovações tecnológicas estão entre as principais fontes de vantagens competitivas para uma quantidade crescente de empresas industriais. A primeira parte deste trabalho apresenta breves considerações sobre o processo de inovação tecnológica à medida que diferencia a inovação radical da incrementai, dois tipos diferentes porém complementares de inovações. Na segunda parte é fcita uma distinção conccitual entre duas abordagens para implementar inovações incrementais. Por último, discute-se o papel das atividades operacionais e das técnicas de gestão da produção no processo de inovação tecnológica, levando em consideração a nova abordagem relacionada com o movimento da qualidade total.

Palavras-chave: competitividade, inovação incrementai, processo de implementação, melhorias contínuas, engenharia simultânea, inovação organizacional.

ABSTRACT

There is no doubt that technological innovations are one of the main source of competitive advantages for a growing number of industrial companies. The first part of this paper presents a brief appreciation of the innovation process while shows the difterences between radical and incrementaI innovations, two distincts but complementary kinds of innovation. The n, a conceptual distinction between two approaches to set incrementaI innovations is analysed. Final/y, this paper discusses the role of operation activities and production management tools in the technological innovation process, taking into consideration the new approach related to the total quality movement.

Key words: competitiveness, incrementaI innovation, implementation process, continuous improvements, simultaneous engineering, organizational innovation.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

^{Full text available only in PDF format}.

1. SOUDER, Willian E .. Managing new product innovations. Toronto: Lexinston Books, 1984, p. 3.

2. BETZ, Frederick. Managing technology. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1987, p. 6.

3. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE. Technological innovation: its environment and management. Washington (DC),1967.

4. MANSFIELD , Edwin ; RAPAPORT, J.; SCHEENE, J. & WAGNER, S. Research and innovation in the modem corporation. New Vork: Macmillan, 1971, p. 118.

5. STEAD, H. The cost of technological innovation. Research Policy.v.5, p. 2-9, 1976.

6. KAMIN, J. Y.; BIJAOUI, I. & HORESH, R. Same determinants of cost distributions in the process of technological innovation. Research Policy. v.11, n.2, p. 83-94, abril 1982.

7. MARQUIS, Donald G. The anatomy of succeful inovations. In: ROTHBERG, R. R. (org). Corporate strategy and product innovation. N. York: The Free Press, 1981, p. 19-22.

8. BOOZ, ALLEN & HAMILTON. New product management for the 1980s. New York: BA&H, 1982.

9. BETZ, Frederick. Op, cit., p. 8.

10. Atribui-se a WRIGHT , T. P. o marco inicial do estudo desse fenômeno. Ele foi o primeiro a estudar sistematicamente o aprendizado na área produtiva baseado na experiência, sendo o artigo Factors affecting the cost of airplanes, publicado em 1936 no Journal of Aeronautical Science. Outras obras importantes sobre este tema que obtiveram ampla repercussão são as seguintes: HISCHMANN, W.B .. Profit from the learning curve. Harvard Business Review. v.42, n. 1: p 125-139, Jan/Feb. 1964; BOSTON CONSUlTING GROUP (BCG). Perspectives on experience. Boston: BCG, 1972; ABERNATHY W.J. & WAYNE K. Limits of the learning curve. Harvard Business Review. v.52, n. 5, p.1D9-19, set./out. 1974.

11. ARROW, Kenneth J. The economic implication of learning by doing. Review of Economic Studies. v. 29, p. 155-173, June 1962.

12. Techniques of value analysis and Engineering publicada pela McGraw-Hill Books, em 1965, é talvez uma das obras mais conhecidas de Lawrence D. MILES sobre análise de valor. No Brasil, destaca-se a obra de CSILLAG, João Mario. Análise do valor, São Paulo: Atlas, 1986.

13. SHINGO apresenta o SMED em diversas obras, tal como em: A revolution in manufacturing: the SMED system. Cambridge, MA: Productivity Press, 1985.

14. SHINGO, Shigeo. A revolution in manufacturing: the SMED system. Cambridge, MA: Productive Press, 1985, p. 29-30.

15. BELL, Martin. Learning and accumulation of industrial technological capacity in Developing Countries. In: FRANSMAN, Martin & KING, Kenneth (eds). Technological capacity in the third world. New York: St. Martin Press, 1984;p.191.

16. ROSENBERG, Nathan. Inside the black box: tecnology and economics. NewYork: Cambridge University Press, 1982, p. 120-3.

17. HELLWING, Helmut. Diferences in competitive strategies between the United States and Japan. IEEE Transactionon engineering Management. v. 39, n.1, p. 778, fev 1992.

18. MANSFIELD, Edwin. Industrial inovation in Japan and the United States. Science. p. 1772-3, 30 set. 1988.

19. MOWERY Dawid & ROSENBERG, Nathan Technology and tne pursuit of economic growth. New York: Cambridge Press, 1989, p. 229-30.

20. IMAI, Masaaki. Kaizen: a estratégia para o sucesso competitivo. São Paulo: IMAM, 1988.

21. JURAN, Joseph J. On planning for quality. NewYork: The Free Press, 1988; P 1-7. Veja também: _____ . The quality tri/ogy: a universal approach to to managing for quality. Juran Institute Inc, 1986; JURAN , J.J. & GRYNA , F.M. Ouality Control Handbook . NewYork: McGraw-Hill, s.d.

22. DEMING , W.Edward. Quality , productivity and competitive position. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press , 1987 . Veja também: GITLOW, Howard S. & GITLOW, Shelly J. The Deming guide to quality and competitive position. New Jersey: Prentice Hall , 1987; WALTON , Mary. Método Deming na prática. Rio de Janeiro: Campus,1990.

23. Walter A. SHEWART introduziu o controle estatístico de qualidade no inicio da décade de 30 nos Sell Telephone Laboratories. Ele recomendava atenção especial para as causas e o controle das variabilidades. Sua obra mais conhecida é Economic control of quality of manufctured product. New York: Van Nostrand, 1931.

24. FLEURY, Afonso C.C. Automação na indústria mental- mecânica: tendências da organização do trabalho e da produção. Revista de Administração. São Paulo, v.24, n.3, p. 39-51, jul./set. 1989.

25. FLEURY, Afonso C. C. idem, p.45.

26. SKINNER, Wickham. The focused factory. Harvard Business Review.p. 113-121, may/june 1974.

27. STALK, George Jr. . Timethe next source of competitive advantage. In: Harvard Business Review. p. 43, July/ Aug. 1998.

28. BUSINESS WEEK. A Smarter way to manufacture ( specíal report), p. 64-9, 30 April 1990.

29. Elementos da Teoria das Restrições podem ser encontradas em GOLDRATT, Eliyahu M. A síndrome do palheiro: garimpando informações num oceano de dados. São Paulo: IMAM, 1991.

1. SOUDER, Willian E .. Managing new product innovations. Toronto: Lexinston Books, 1984, p. 3.
2. BETZ, Frederick. Managing technology. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1987, p. 6.
3. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE. Technological innovation: its environment and management. Washington (DC),1967.
4. MANSFIELD , Edwin ; RAPAPORT, J.; SCHEENE, J. & WAGNER, S. Research and innovation in the modem corporation. New Vork: Macmillan, 1971, p. 118.
5. STEAD, H. The cost of technological innovation. Research Policy.v.5, p. 2-9, 1976.
6. KAMIN, J. Y.; BIJAOUI, I. & HORESH, R. Same determinants of cost distributions in the process of technological innovation. Research Policy. v.11, n.2, p. 83-94, abril 1982.
7. MARQUIS, Donald G. The anatomy of succeful inovations. In: ROTHBERG, R. R. (org). Corporate strategy and product innovation. N. York: The Free Press, 1981, p. 19-22.
8. BOOZ, ALLEN & HAMILTON. New product management for the 1980s. New York: BA&H, 1982.
11. ARROW, Kenneth J. The economic implication of learning by doing. Review of Economic Studies. v. 29, p. 155-173, June 1962.
14. SHINGO, Shigeo. A revolution in manufacturing: the SMED system. Cambridge, MA: Productive Press, 1985, p. 29-30.
15. BELL, Martin. Learning and accumulation of industrial technological capacity in Developing Countries. In: FRANSMAN, Martin & KING, Kenneth (eds). Technological capacity in the third world. New York: St. Martin Press, 1984;p.191.
16. ROSENBERG, Nathan. Inside the black box: tecnology and economics. NewYork: Cambridge University Press, 1982, p. 120-3.
17. HELLWING, Helmut. Diferences in competitive strategies between the United States and Japan. IEEE Transactionon engineering Management. v. 39, n.1, p. 778, fev 1992.
18. MANSFIELD, Edwin. Industrial inovation in Japan and the United States. Science. p. 1772-3, 30 set. 1988.
19. MOWERY Dawid & ROSENBERG, Nathan Technology and tne pursuit of economic growth. New York: Cambridge Press, 1989, p. 229-30.
20. IMAI, Masaaki. Kaizen: a estratégia para o sucesso competitivo. São Paulo: IMAM, 1988.
21. JURAN, Joseph J. On planning for quality. NewYork: The Free Press, 1988; P 1-7.
Veja também: _____ . The quality tri/ogy: a universal approach to to managing for quality. Juran Institute Inc, 1986;
JURAN , J.J. & GRYNA , F.M. Ouality Control Handbook . NewYork: McGraw-Hill, s.d.
22. DEMING , W.Edward. Quality , productivity and competitive position. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press , 1987 .
Veja também: GITLOW, Howard S. & GITLOW, Shelly J. The Deming guide to quality and competitive position. New Jersey: Prentice Hall , 1987;
WALTON , Mary. Método Deming na prática. Rio de Janeiro: Campus,1990.
24. FLEURY, Afonso C.C. Automação na indústria mental- mecânica: tendências da organização do trabalho e da produção. Revista de Administração. São Paulo, v.24, n.3, p. 39-51, jul./set. 1989.
26. SKINNER, Wickham. The focused factory. Harvard Business Review.p. 113-121, may/june 1974.
27. STALK, George Jr. . Timethe next source of competitive advantage. In: Harvard Business Review. p. 43, July/ Aug. 1998.
28. BUSINESS WEEK. A Smarter way to manufacture ( specíal report), p. 64-9, 30 April 1990.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
20 Out 2011
Data do Fascículo
Mar 1997

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. SOUDER, Willian E .. Managing new product innovations. Toronto: Lexinston Books, 1984, p. 3.

[2] 2. BETZ, Frederick. Managing technology. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1987, p. 6.

[3] 3. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE. Technological innovation: its environment and management. Washington (DC),1967.

[4] 4. MANSFIELD , Edwin ; RAPAPORT, J.; SCHEENE, J. & WAGNER, S. Research and innovation in the modem corporation. New Vork: Macmillan, 1971, p. 118.

[5] 5. STEAD, H. The cost of technological innovation. Research Policy.v.5, p. 2-9, 1976.

[6] 6. KAMIN, J. Y.; BIJAOUI, I. & HORESH, R. Same determinants of cost distributions in the process of technological innovation. Research Policy. v.11, n.2, p. 83-94, abril 1982.

[7] 7. MARQUIS, Donald G. The anatomy of succeful inovations. In: ROTHBERG, R. R. (org). Corporate strategy and product innovation. N. York: The Free Press, 1981, p. 19-22.

[8] 8. BOOZ, ALLEN & HAMILTON. New product management for the 1980s. New York: BA&H, 1982.

[9] 11. ARROW, Kenneth J. The economic implication of learning by doing. Review of Economic Studies. v. 29, p. 155-173, June 1962.

[10] 14. SHINGO, Shigeo. A revolution in manufacturing: the SMED system. Cambridge, MA: Productive Press, 1985, p. 29-30.

[11] 15. BELL, Martin. Learning and accumulation of industrial technological capacity in Developing Countries. In: FRANSMAN, Martin & KING, Kenneth (eds). Technological capacity in the third world. New York: St. Martin Press, 1984;p.191.

[12] 16. ROSENBERG, Nathan. Inside the black box: tecnology and economics. NewYork: Cambridge University Press, 1982, p. 120-3.

[13] 17. HELLWING, Helmut. Diferences in competitive strategies between the United States and Japan. IEEE Transactionon engineering Management. v. 39, n.1, p. 778, fev 1992.

[14] 18. MANSFIELD, Edwin. Industrial inovation in Japan and the United States. Science. p. 1772-3, 30 set. 1988.

[15] 19. MOWERY Dawid & ROSENBERG, Nathan Technology and tne pursuit of economic growth. New York: Cambridge Press, 1989, p. 229-30.

[16] 20. IMAI, Masaaki. Kaizen: a estratégia para o sucesso competitivo. São Paulo: IMAM, 1988.

[17] 21. JURAN, Joseph J. On planning for quality. NewYork: The Free Press, 1988; P 1-7.

[18] Veja também: _____ . The quality tri/ogy: a universal approach to to managing for quality. Juran Institute Inc, 1986;

[19] JURAN , J.J. & GRYNA , F.M. Ouality Control Handbook . NewYork: McGraw-Hill, s.d.

[20] 22. DEMING , W.Edward. Quality , productivity and competitive position. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press , 1987 .

[21] Veja também: GITLOW, Howard S. & GITLOW, Shelly J. The Deming guide to quality and competitive position. New Jersey: Prentice Hall , 1987;

[22] WALTON , Mary. Método Deming na prática. Rio de Janeiro: Campus,1990.

[23] 24. FLEURY, Afonso C.C. Automação na indústria mental- mecânica: tendências da organização do trabalho e da produção. Revista de Administração. São Paulo, v.24, n.3, p. 39-51, jul./set. 1989.

[24] 26. SKINNER, Wickham. The focused factory. Harvard Business Review.p. 113-121, may/june 1974.

[25] 27. STALK, George Jr. . Timethe next source of competitive advantage. In: Harvard Business Review. p. 43, July/ Aug. 1998.

[26] 28. BUSINESS WEEK. A Smarter way to manufacture ( specíal report), p. 64-9, 30 April 1990.