Effects of Omitting Vitamin-Trace Mineral Premixes from Finisher Ration on Performance , Carcass Parameters and Blood Characteristics of Broilers Fed Corn-or Wheat-Based Diets

Volume 6 | Issue 2 Effects of Omitting Vitamin-Trace Mineral Premixes from Finisher Ration on Performance, Carcass Parameters and Blood Characteristics of Broilers Fed Cornor Wheat-Based Diets Abed MK1, Razuki WM*2 and Al-Naif HHN1 1College of AgricultureUniversity of Al-Anbar, Anbar, Iraq 2Office of Agricultural Research, Animal Science Department, Poultry Research Station, Baghdad, Iraq *Corresponding author: Razuki WM, Office of Agricultural Research, Animal Science Department, Poultry Research Station, Baghdad, Iraq, E-mail: drwaleedrazuki@yahoo.com


Performance
The omission of VIT -MRT premix from finisher wheat-based diets caused a reduction in BWG during a period from 28 to 35 d and 28 to 42 d of age compared with counterparts fed corn-based diets.But when comparisons made between the same cereals sources with respect to the omission of VIT -MRT premix, the BW, and BWG did not differ significantly.Feed consumption (FC) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was not affected by the removal of VIT -MRT premix from finisher ration, but numerical decreases in FC was noticed in the group of birds fed on wheat-based diets absent from VIT -MRT premix (Table 3).3: Body weight, weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio of broilers fed a corn or wheatbased diets presences or absent from vitamin-trace mineral premixes a-c means within the same row have the different superscripts differ significantly (P<0.05) 1 : T1, birds fed on corn-based diets with premixes; T2, birds fed on corn-based diets without premixes; T3, birds fed on wheat-based diets with premixes; T2, birds fed on wheat-based diets without premixes : T1, birds fed on corn-based diets with premixes; T2, birds fed on corn-based diets without premixes; T3, birds fed on wheat-based diets with premixes; T2, birds fed on wheat-based diets without premixes For processing parameters, carcass weight (g) and yield (%), gizzard, liver, breast, thigh, and drumsticks were not affected by dietary treatments.While, the relative weight of heart, abdominal fat pad and bursa of fabricia was decreased significantly in the group of birds fed on wheat-based diets absent from VIT -MRT premixes during finishing period (Table 4).

Carcass parameters
Annex Publishers | www.annexpublishers.comTable 5 shows the effect of dietary treatments on blood parameters.White blood cell, heterophils/ lymphocytes ratio and bloodbiochemical was not affected by VIT and TRM premixes withdrawal from finisher rations of broilers.

Discussion
At the beginning of experiment at 28 d of age, BW of birds fed wheat-based diets was significantly greater than those fed corn-based diets because chicks fed wheat-based diets from day old to 28 d achieved better performance than those fed corn-based diets.On the other hands, the hypothesis of this experiment was to investigate the impact of the differences in cereals type at starter period on broiler's performance at finisher period when fed diets absent from VIT and TRM.Although the results showed that the BW of birds fed wheat-based diets was higher than corn-based diets, the BWG was tending to greater in birds fed corn-based diets.Feed conversion ratio during period from 28-35 d of age was better than other periods may be as results of lower feed intake with greater BW gain in this period.
In the same cereals grains, the omission of VIT and TRM premixes could not casus and deleterious effects on performance.But when the comparison was made among all treatment, chicks fed wheat-based diets absent from VIT and TRM premixes achieved lower BWG than those fed deficient corn-based diets.This is might be wheat have much less antioxidant (Vitamin E and carotenoids), low biotin bioavailability and low levels of manganese than corn.Schiedt, noticed that the carotenoids involved in growth metabolism.Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) also effect on growth when would not meet the requirement of broilers [2,12,20,25].In the current experiment, the vitamin A (less carotenoid in wheat which acts as a precursor of vitamin A) and vitamin E in group of birds fed on wheat-based diets absent from VIT-TRM premix was less than requirements recommended by nutrition supplements guide of this strain but when sunflower oil (fortified with vitamin E) was added to finisher diets, the compensation of vitamin E may occur accordingly [26].So the reduction in growth in wheat-based diets may be due to a reduction in precursor of vitamin A as reported by Surai and Sparks [27] who found the major differences between wheat-and corn-based diets is the concentration of carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin) which was 11.8 and 5.6 mg/ kg in corn-and wheat-diet respectively.Koutsos et al. [28] found greater body weight losses in birds fed diets containing 0 mg lutein/ kg diet compared with those fed 40 mg lutein/ kg diet.Manganese deficient diets (14.82 mg/ kg) were another element can cause decreases in BWG and FCR [29].Maiorka et al. [4] reported that the omission of fat-soluble vitamins is not an issue due to these vitamins can liberate from fat to overcome any shortening of these vitamins.This hypothesis may true in corn-based diets, but with wheat-based diets may be not, because of a type of fat in the body was more firm than in corn and consequently, fat-soluble vitamins are hard to be liberated again when body they needed it after vitamins shortening in the broiler diets [16].The reduction in BWG and feed efficiency due to removing of vitamins and minerals premix from finisher ration was reported [6,9,30].Maiorka et al. [4] found poor feed conversion due to the withdrawal of vitamin mix from finisher rations.Whereas, Skinner et al. [5] found no adverse effect on growth performance due to removing vitamin and trace mineral premixes from broiler diets from 28 to 49 d of age.Razuki et al. [31] found that reduction of protein concentrate packages (PC) to 50% of recommended levels (10%) didn't have any adverse effect on broiler performance at various periods of reductions.Abudabos et al. [32] concluded possibility of reduction vitamin-minerals premix up to 50% for 21 days intervals without any jeopardizing on performance.Conflict results may due to the increase of broiler requirements due to continuously selection to increase market BW at constant age.Furthermore, the environmental tool (hot vs temperate climate), Annex Publishers | www.annexpublishers.comRemoving premix from finisher ration between 28 to 42 days of age had no significant impact on the absolute and relative weight of carcass and carcass yield (%), percentages of breast, thighs, and drumsticks (Table 5).These findings confirm the results obtained by others [4,7,10,32].The relative weight of heart, bursa of Fabricius and abdominal fat pad was decreased in birds fed wheatbased diets absent from VIT and TRM premix.The low weight of bursa may due to the reduction in carotenoid (precursor of vitamin A) and vitamin E in these diets.Vitamin E, a major chain-breaking antioxidant of membranes, can scavenge the hydroxyl, alkoxyl, peroxyl, and superoxide anion radicals and increase membrane stability [33].The current finding was not confirmed the previous study that found the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius was not affected by VIT withdrawal [34].Our results suggested that the VIT and TRM contents of wheat and soybean meal diet were not sufficient to maintain the immunity response when the grower wheat-based diet was not fortified with VIT and TRM premix.The reduction in relative weight of abdominal fat pad due to omission VIT and TRM premix from wheat-based diets was a result of low feed intake, even showed non-significant with other treatments.Chen et al. [35] found the significant depression in the abdominal fat percentage in birds fed on diets containing 70% of their energy requirements.In the present study, the serum blood constituents were not affected by omission of VIT and TRM premix.These results are agreement with Khajali et al. [7] who found no effect on H/L ratio when diets deplete from VIT and TRM premix and with Abudabos et al. [32] who found no significant effect of vitamin-trace minerals withdrawal on blood parameters.

Conclusion
The current results suggested that the broiler dietary grain sources influenced the gain with respect to VIT and MRT premixes withdrawal from finisher rations.Whereas, the omission of VIT and MRT might be applied to birds fed a corn-based diet.

Table 1 :
Ingredients and compositions of starter and grower rations of broilers 1

Table 2 :
Ingredients and compositions of finisher rations of broilers 2 Table

Table 4 :
Carcass characteristics of broilers fed a corn or wheat-based diets presences or absent from vitamin-trace mineral premixes a-c means within the same row have the different superscripts differ significantly (P<0.05)

Table 5 :
Blood parameters of broilers fed a corn or wheat-based diets presences or absent from vitamin-trace mineral premixes a-c means within the same row have the different superscripts differ significantly (P<0.05)T1, birds fed on corn-based diets with premixes; T2, birds fed on corn-based diets without premixes; T3, birds fed on wheatbased diets with premixes; T2, birds fed on wheat-based diets without premixes 1 :