QUALITY OF THE WATER RECEIVED FROM AIR BY MEANS OF CONDITIONERS

For the recreational zone located in the Odessa region along the coast of the Black Sea it is expedient to use (as an additional source of water supply) the water received from air. It is shown that it is possible to receive water from air by means of conditioners which it is much placed on recreation facilities and sanatoria. As water from air may contain various dissolved substances, it is necessary to investigate its quality. It is important to know it for development of technology of water treatment. Results of research of quality of water of two types are presented. Samples are received under different service conditions of conditioners. In samples indicators of epidemic safety, and also sanitary and chemical indicators of safety and quality of the water received from air are defined.


Іntroduction
Deficiency of fresh water exists in many countries of the world.Therefore, search of additional sources of drinking water is actual.It is especially actual for regions where the centralized water supply is absent.In addition, quality of water is unsatisfactory in underground or superficial sources, available to use, and demands complex and expensive technology of water treatment.These include a number of districts of Odessa region of Ukraine.The recreation centre and sanatoria located lengthways coasts of the Black Sea, estuaries and lakes have deficiency of sweet water.Water supply here is carried out at the expense of bottled water (for drinking needs) and imported water in tanks (for drinking and economic domestic needs).Such situation with fresh water is the reason of growth of cost of services for vacationers.

Problem statement
One of possible ways of the partial solution of this problem is use of the water received from free air [1,2].
One cubic meter of atmospheric air, depending on temperature, contains from 4 to 25 g of water vapour.Receiving water from free air possibly by its cooling up to the temperature of "dew-point".It is economically expedient to receive water from air at its relative humidity more than 40 % and temperature above 15 °C.In particular, climatic conditions of a resort season in Odessa region conform to these requirements.

Literature review
For receiving water from atmospheric air use various devices.Wind generators of autonomous type which receive electric energy and water are known [3].Billboards with the combined surface from hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials [4], mesh panels from the materials absorbing water [5], etc. are also known.Dehumidifiers of air use at offices for receiving water from air.
This process happens in conditioners, which widely apply, to cooling of air in premises of sanatoria and recreation centre during resort season.In the course of their work, water is formed, which is a sec-Volume 10 Issue 4 / 2016 ondary product.It, in most cases, does not gather and is not used in no way, though its volumes considerable.Each of conditioners, for example, the SenSey FTI-51MR model, generates from 10 to 15 litres of fresh water per day.If, for example, on recreation facility 70 such conditioners are operated, for a resort season (from May to October) they generate about 180 000 litres of water.This water can be used for drinking and economic domestic needs [6].

Main part
Of course, the use of the condensate from the air conditioner without treatment for drinking needs is impossible.Because the quality is dependent on many factors, in particular from contamination and humidity, structure, operating conditions and arrangement of the air conditioning space, and other factors.Therefore, the first step in work aimed at the development of water treatment technology, derived from the air, was the analysis of indicators of the quality of such water samples, depending on the conditions of its receiving.
Water samples from air were received by means of conditioners of the SenSey FTI-51MR model.These conditioners are used in a recreation centre, located on the Black Sea near Odessa.Investigated indicators of quality of samples of water of two types.The first samples are received from conditioners, which in use did not subject long time to sanitary processing.The second are received from conditioners which working surfaces regularly processed special washing solution.As the washing solution used 5 % water solution of lemon acid with a temperature (40 -50) °C.After sanitary processing by the washing solution working surfaces rinsed with clear water and dried up.After that, the conditioner worked in the usual mode.
In samples of water defined sanitary and chemical indicators and indicators of epidemic safety.For this purpose used the standardized techniques and the modern equipment.Values of indicators of quality of the water received from air compared to requirements of the State health regulations and norms of drinking water [7,8].
The analysis of results of pilot study of indicators of quality of samples of water from conditioners, which for a long time not been subjected to sanitary treatment allows to draw the following conclusions: qualityof water on indicators of epidemic safety is low.It does not conform to normative requirements for the following microbiological indicators: соlony count, Coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli (Table 1, Fig. 1).The high content of ammonium in water samples from air can be caused by the high content of nitrogen oxides in atmospheric air of the Odessa region.The reason of it, perhaps, is uncontrollable emissions of pollution in the atmosphere of the powerful enterprise for production and transportation of the ammonia located in the region.Exhaust gases of cars also promote pollution of atmospheric air nitrogen oxides.Their quantity significantly increases during a resort season.

Table 1 -Indicators of epidemic safety of samples of water from air
The raised content of nitrites, most likely, is caused by that in the absence of sanitary processing of working surfaces of the conditioner which directly contact to air and water, favorable conditions for biological processes are created.As a result, under the influence of autotrophic microorganisms there is an oxidation of ammonium in nitrites.
Excess of standards for microbiological indicators testifies to intensity of biological processes in the conditioner.In our opinion, waste products of microorganisms are also the reason of a bad smell, considerable colouring and a turbidity of samples of water of the first type.
The raised content of boron in water from air can be connected with that it is present at sea water.As water from air was received on the seashore, perhaps, there was movement of boron together with couples of seawater in the conditioner.
The analysis of results of pilot study of indicators of quality of the water received from conditioners which sanitary processing constantly was carried out has shown that its quality is better, both on sanitary and chemical indicators, and on indicators of epidemic safety.At the same time, the content of ammonium still significantly exceeds norm (Table 3) and there are deviations on some microbiological indicators.

Conclusion
Thus, the executed pilot studies of quality of samples of the water received by means of conditioners from free air have shown that it does not conform to the existing requirements of drinking water.
To use the received condensate as drinking water, it is necessary to develop technology of improvement of its quality.This is the next task of our research.

Fig. 1 .
Fig. 1.Growth of the microorganisms, which are present at water from air on culture mediumsFound that in samples of water are present saprofity kind Micrococcus, Staphylococcus.Also found pathogenic and pathogenic flora families Enterobacteriaceae (41,7 %), Pseudomonadaceae (36,1 %) and Micrococcaceae (Staphylococcusaureas, 13,9 %).In addition, the presence and proportion of fungi: Penicillium (19,4 %), Cladosporium (11,1 %) and Aspergillus (8,4 %), as well as their association (19.4 %) is found.Specifically found that fungi of the genus Cladosporium and Penicillium were dominant in associations.Sanitary and chemical indicators of safety and quality of water from air are presented in Table2