Liberal Arts in Russia EN-rus logo
russian flagRussian
ISSN 2305-8420 (Print)
ISSN 2312-6442 (Online)
Current Issue

The Islamic factor in Kabarda and Balkaria in the context of the Civil War (1918 - beginning of 1920)

Liberal Arts in Russia. 2016. Vol. 5. No. 5. Pp. 507-516.
Get the full text (Russian)
Shakhaliyeva F. B.
Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H. M. Berbekov
142 T. Idarova St., 360000 Nalchik, Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia
Email: fatimashahalieva@yandex.ru

Abstract

In the article, the problem of the impact of Islamic factor on the events of the civil war in Kabarda and Balkaria is studied. During the civil war Islam has become a factor that unites Muslim population of Kabarda and Balkaria in the fight against the infidels. The author considers the religious policy of the Reds and Whites in the region, as well as, the role of Islam in the judicial and administrative practice and the political district of life. In the district, where the majority of the population is Muslim, the clergy’s influence was enormous. Each of the warring sides used the Muslim dogma to gain support of the local population and strengthen their political power in the province. During this period, bright spiritual and political leaders stood out of the local population. With the support of the population, local leaders have created a military-political union Shariat. The author points out the positive role of religious advisory body unprecedented in the history of Kabarda and Balkaria - the Spiritual Council of Tausultan Shakmanov’s administration - in reconciling the warring parties. Support of the local clergy and the Muslim population, which grew into the Red Army, has greatly contributed to the victory of the Bolsheviks in the civil war in the neighborhood. After the victory of the Bolsheviks in the war and the establishment of Soviet power in Kabarda and Balkaria, most priests were physically eliminated, Shariat was proclaimed illegal, the Muslim education system was destroyed, and many mosques were closed.

Keywords

  • • Civil War
  • • Islam
  • • Spiritual Council
  • • clergy
  • • judiciary
  • • Shariat column
  • • Bolsheviks
  • • Volunteer Army

References

  1. Chkheidze K. A. General Zaur-bek Dautokov-Serebryakov. Grazhdanskaya voina v Kabarde [General Zaur-bek Dudakov-Serebryakov. The civil war in Kabarda]. Nal'chik: KBIGI, 2008.
  2. Shkuro A. G. Grazhdanskaya voina v Rossii: zapiski belogo partizana [The civil war in Russia: notes of the White partisan]. Moscow: Tranzitkniga, 2004.
  3. Kalmykov B. E. Revolyutsionnoe dvizhenie v Kabarde: ocherki [The revolutionary movement in Kabarda: essays]. Nal'chik: El'brus, 1957.
  4. Dokumenty po istorii bor'by za Sovet-skuyu vlast' i obrazovaniya avtonomii Kabardino-Balkarii (1917-1922 gg.) [Documents on the history of the struggle for Soviet power and the formation of the autonomy of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic (1917-1922)]. Nal'chik: El'brus, 1983.
  5. Soyuz ob''edinennykh gortsev Severnogo Kavkaza i Dagestana (1917-1918 gg.) i Gorskaya Respublika (1918-1920 gg.): dokumenty i materialy [The Union of incorporated mountaineers of the North Caucasus and Dagestan (1917-1918) and the Mountain Republic (1918-1920): documents and materials]. Izd-e 2-e. Makhachkala: IIAE DNTs RAN, 2013.
  6. Materialy s''ezdov gorskikh narodov Severnogo Kavkaza i Dagestana 1917 g. [Materials of Congresses of the mountainous peoples of the Northern Caucasus and Dagestan 1917]. Nal'chik: KBIGI, 2014.
  7. Berbekov Kh. M. Ocherki istorii sovet-skoi Kabardino-Balkarii [Essays on the history of Soviet Kabardino-Balkaria]. Moscow: Politicheskaya istoriya, 1958.
  8. Gugov R. Kh. Sovmestnaya bor'ba narodov Tereka za Sovet-skuyu vlast' [The joint struggle of the peoples of the Terek for the Soviet power]. Nal'chik: El'brus, 1975.
  9. Uligov U. A. Sotsialisticheskaya revolyutsiya i Grazhdanskaya voina v Kabarde i Balkarii i sozdanie natsional'noi gosudarstvennosti kabardinskogo i balkarskogo narodov (1917-1937 gg.) [The socialist revolution and the Civil War in Kabarda and Balkar Republic and the creation of national statehood of the Kabardinian and the Balkar peoples (1917-1937)]. Nal'chik: El'brus, 1979.
  10. Babich I. L. Evolyutsiya pravovoi kul'tury adygov (1860-1990-e gg.) [The evolution of the legal culture of the Circassians (1860-1990)]. M: Institut etnologii i antropologii RAN, 1999.
  11. Tekueva M. A. Islam i politika na Severnom Kavkaze: sb. nauch. statei. No. 1. Rostov n/D: izd-vo SKNTs VSh, 2001. Pp. 175-187.
  12. Mukozhev A. Kh. Islam v noveishei istorii kabardintsev. Islam v Kabarde i Balkarii v period revolyutsionnykh sobytii 1917 goda i Grazhdanskoi voiny na Tereke: avtoref. dis. ... kand. istor. nauk. Nal'chik, 2009. URL: http://www.ceninauku.ru/page_11971.htm.
  13. Tsentral'nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Kabardino-Balkarskoi Respubliki (TsGA KBR). F. R-20. Op. 1.
  14. Programma Kabardinskoi revolyutsionnoi partii "Svobodnaya Kabarda", Predsedatel' partii Zaurbek Dautokov-Serebryakov. 20 avgusta 1918 goda st. Soldat-skaya. Chkheidze K. A. General Zaurbek Dautokov-Serebryakov Grazhdanskaya voina v Kabarde. Nal'chik: KBIGI, 2008. Pp. 61-62.
  15. Arkhiv Kabardino-Balkarskogo instituta gumanitarnykh issledovanii (KBIGI). F. 2. Op. 3.
  16. Katkhanov K. Otets. Kabardino-Balkarskaya pravda. 11 marta 1993 . No. 46. Pp. 3.
  17. Dekret o svobode sovesti, tserkovnykh i religioznykh obshchestvakh, 20 yanvarya 1918 g. Dekrety Sovet-skoi vlasti. V 18 t. Vol. 1. 25 oktyabrya 1917 g. - 16 marta 1918 g. / Cost. Valk S. N., Zagoskina I. V., Rastopchina L. N., Akhapkin Yu. A., Kazantsev B. N. Moscow: Gos. izdat-vo politicheskoi literatury, 1957.
  18. Tsentr dokumentatsii noveishei istorii (TsDNI) KBR. F. 25. Op. 1.
  19. TsGA KBR. F. R-1253. Op. 1.
  20. TsGA KBR. F. R-198. Op. 1.
  21. TsGA KBR. F. R-197. Op. 1.
  22. Arkhiv KBIGI. F. 4. Op. 1.
  23. Kasumov A. Kh. Obshchestvenno-politicheskaya mysl' adygov, balkartsev i karachaevtsev v XIX - nachale XX veka: mat-ly konferentsii 28-29 marta 1974 g. Nal'chik: El'brus, 1976. Pp. 251-262.